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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indole Acetic Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123235MetabolicIndole acetic acid is shown to cause inflammation and disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy. … After being transported into gut microbes, tryptophan undergoes a reaction with the enzymes tryptophan monooxygenase and indole-3-acetamide hydrolase to form indole acetic acid.
Drugs: TryptophanEnzymes: Excitatory amino acid transporter 3Metabolism and Physiological Effects of 4-Hydroxyhippuric Acid
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125537Metabolic4-Hydroxyhippuric, also known as 4-hydroxybenzoylglycine or 4-hydroxyhippate acid, is a metabolite of hippuric acid, and a uremic toxin. … Benzoic acid is present in many fruits, such as apricots, prunes, and berries; many vegetables such as mushrooms (fungus), snap peas, cucumbers, and radishes; spices such as cinnamon, cloves, and allspice
Glutaminolysis and Cancer
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002298DiseaseOnce it reaches malic acid, it is transported outside the mitochondria and transformed into pyruvic acid and lactate. … The oxoglutaric acid can also be transformed into citric acid which then gets turned into acetyl coa and get incorporated into the lipid synthesis
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Succinic acid +9 moreEnzymes: Y+L amino acid transporter 1, Neutral amino acid transporter ANicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000048MetabolicThese compounds can be found in the diet, where the mixture of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are called vitamin B3 or niacin. … and plants.
Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics. … Fructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners.
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000068MetabolicThis pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones. … Many steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination.
Enzymes: Steryl-sulfataseNAD+ Signalling and Aging
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0084271SignalingAn interesting link has emerged between NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1, SIRT3, and mitochondrial function. … NR and PARP inhibitors increased life span in worms via activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRmt by sir2.1.
Glycine and Serine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000004MetabolicCystathionine beta-lyase then converts this double amino acid to cysteine, ammonia, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Glycine is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine. … This pathway describes the synthesis and breakdown of several small amino acids, including glycine, serine, and cysteine.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tetrahydrofolic acid · Ademetionine · Pyruvic acid · Arginine · Adenosine phosphate +26 moreTaurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000021MetabolicThis includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs. … Moreover, this entire process can be catalyzed via bile acid and a special amino acid N-acetyltransferase.
Enzymes: Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylasePantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000027MetabolicMost of pantothenic acid is found in food as phosphopentetheine or coenzyme A. Pantothenic acid, pantetheine 4’-phosphate and pantetheine are all found in red blood cells. … It is a precursor of coenzyme A, which is an essential part of many reactions in the body, specifically important in the production of compounds like cholesterol and different fatty acids.