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Nicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000048MetabolicThese compounds can be found in the diet, where the mixture of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are called vitamin B3 or niacin. … and plants.
Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics. … Fructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners.
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000068MetabolicThis pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones. … Many steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination.
NAD+ Signalling and Aging
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0084271SignalingAn interesting link has emerged between NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1, SIRT3, and mitochondrial function. … NR and PARP inhibitors increased life span in worms via activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRmt by sir2.1.
Glycine and Serine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000004MetabolicCystathionine beta-lyase then converts this double amino acid to cysteine, ammonia, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Glycine is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine. … This pathway describes the synthesis and breakdown of several small amino acids, including glycine, serine, and cysteine.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tetrahydrofolic acid · Ademetionine · Pyruvic acid · Arginine · Adenosine phosphate +26 moreTaurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000021MetabolicThis includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs. … Moreover, this entire process can be catalyzed via bile acid and a special amino acid N-acetyltransferase.
Enzymes: Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylasePantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000027MetabolicMost of pantothenic acid is found in food as phosphopentetheine or coenzyme A. Pantothenic acid, pantetheine 4’-phosphate and pantetheine are all found in red blood cells. … It is a precursor of coenzyme A, which is an essential part of many reactions in the body, specifically important in the production of compounds like cholesterol and different fatty acids.
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000058MetabolicThe action of enterocytes of the small intestine microvilli further break down limit dextrins and disaccharides into monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, and fructose. … Amylase enzymes secreted in saliva by the parotid gland and in the small intestine play an important role in initiating starch digestion.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · NADH · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Uridine diphosphate glucose +4 moreSpermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000445MetabolicSpermidine and spermine are produced in many tissues, as they are involved in the regulation of genetic processes from DNA synthesis to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. … The Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis pathway highlights the creation of these cruicial polyamines.
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000008MetabolicFumarylacetoacetate is finally split via fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase into fumarate (also a metabolite of the citric acid cycle) and acetoacetate (3-ketobutyroate). … This reaction functions both as the first step in tyrosine/phenylalanine catabolism by which the body disposes of excess phenylalanine, and as a source of the amino acid tyrosine.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Adenosine phosphate · Tyrosine · Glutamic acid · ATP +11 moreEnzymes: L-amino-acid oxidase