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Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners. … Fructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics.
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000068MetabolicMany steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination. … This pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones.
NAD+ Signalling and Aging
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0084271SignalingAn interesting link has emerged between NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1, SIRT3, and mitochondrial function. … NR and PARP inhibitors increased life span in worms via activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRmt by sir2.1.
Glycine and Serine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000004MetabolicCystathionine beta-lyase then converts this double amino acid to cysteine, ammonia, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Glycine is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine. … Serine is central to the synthesis and breakdown of the other two amino acids.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tetrahydrofolic acid · Ademetionine · Pyruvic acid · Arginine · Adenosine phosphate +26 moreTaurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000021MetabolicThis includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs. … and returning them to the bile.
Enzymes: Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylasePantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000027MetabolicMost of pantothenic acid is found in food as phosphopentetheine or coenzyme A. Pantothenic acid, pantetheine 4’-phosphate and pantetheine are all found in red blood cells. … Pantothenic acid then works with pantothenate kinase 1 to produce D-4’-phosphopantothenate.
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000058MetabolicIt’s formed primarily in liver and muscle tissues, but is also formed at secondary sites such as the central nervous system and the stomach. In both cases it exists as free granules in the cytosol. … The products of starch digestion are but not limited to maltotriose, maltose, limit dextrin, and glucose.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · NADH · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Uridine diphosphate glucose +4 moreEnzymes: Glycogen phosphorylase, liver formSpermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000445MetabolicSpermidine and spermine are produced in many tissues, as they are involved in the regulation of genetic processes from DNA synthesis to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. … These positiviely charged amines interact with negatively charged phosphates in nucleic acids to exert their regulatory effects on cellular processes.
2-Hydroxyglutric Aciduria (D and L Form)
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000136DiseaseA deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; oxoglutaric acid in urine; and gabba-aminobutyric acid in spinal fluid. … A deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of L-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid in plasma, spinal fluid, and urine; and L-lysine in plasma and spinal fluid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +17 moreEthacrynic Acid Action Pathway
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000097Drug actionEtacrynic acid (also known as ethacrynic acid and Edecrin) is a loop diuretic that can inhibit water reabsorption by binding and inhibiting solute carrier family 12 member 1 (also known as sodium-potassium-chloride … Binding of the transporter can prevent import of sodium from lumen from loop of Henle to basolateral interstitium, which lead to more hypertonic environment in lumen than interstitium, and result in prevention
Enzymes: Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT, Sodium- and chloride-dependent transporter XTRP3