Oxytetracycline
Identification
- Name
- Oxytetracycline
- Accession Number
- DB00595
- Description
A tetracycline analog isolated from the actinomycete streptomyces rimosus and used in a wide variety of clinical conditions.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Oxytetracycline (DB00595)
- Weight
- Average: 460.434
Monoisotopic: 460.148180376 - Chemical Formula
- C22H24N2O9
- Synonyms
- 5-Hydroxytetracycline
- Embryostat
- Hydroxytetracyclinum
- Mepatar
- Ossitetraciclina
- Oxitetraciclina
- Oxyterracin
- Oxyterracine
- Oxytetracyclin
- Oxytétracycline
- Oxytetracycline
- Oxytetracycline (anhydrous)
- Oxytetracycline amphoteric
- Oxytetracyclinum
Pharmacology
- Indication
Oxytetracycline is indicated for treatment of infections caused by a variety of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Pasteurella pestis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae (respiratory infections), and Diplococcus pneumoniae.
- Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Learn about our commercial Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings data.
Learn More- Pharmacodynamics
Oxytetracycline is known as a broad-spectrum antibiotic due to its activity against such a wide range of infections. It was the second of the tetracyclines to be discovered. Oxytetracycline, like other tetracyclines, is used to treat many infections common and rare. Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe acne, but alternatives sould be sought if no improvement occurs by 3 months.
- Mechanism of action
Oxytetracycline inhibits cell growth by inhibiting translation. It binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and prevents the amino-acyl tRNA from binding to the A site of the ribosome. The binding is reversible in nature. Oxytetracycline is lipophilic and can easily pass through the cell membrane or passively diffuses through porin channels in the bacterial membrane.
Target Actions Organism A30S ribosomal protein S9 inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) A30S ribosomal protein S4 inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) U16S ribosomal RNA inhibitorEnteric bacteria and other eubacteria - Absorption
Readily absorbed following oral administration.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half-life
- Not Available
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Learn about our commercial Adverse Effects data.
Learn More- Toxicity
Adverse effects may include stomach or bowel upsets and rarely allergic reactions. Very rarely severe headache and vision problems may be signs of dangerous intracranial hypertenion.
- Affected organisms
- Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
- Pathways
Pathway Category Oxytetracycline Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional DataAcenocoumarol The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Oxytetracycline is combined with Acenocoumarol. Acetylsalicylic acid The excretion of Oxytetracycline can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid. Acitretin The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri and elevated intracranial pressure can be increased when Acitretin is combined with Oxytetracycline. Acyclovir The excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Oxytetracycline. Adefovir dipivoxil The excretion of Adefovir dipivoxil can be decreased when combined with Oxytetracycline. Alitretinoin The risk or severity of pseudotumor cerebri and elevated intracranial pressure can be increased when Alitretinoin is combined with Oxytetracycline. Allopurinol The excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Oxytetracycline. Almasilate Almasilate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Oxytetracycline resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Alprostadil The excretion of Alprostadil can be decreased when combined with Oxytetracycline. Aluminium Aluminium can cause a decrease in the absorption of Oxytetracycline resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended DescriptionAvailable for Purchase
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - SeveritySeverityAvailable for Purchase
A severity rating for each drug interaction, from minor to major.
Learn more - Evidence LevelEvidence LevelAvailable for Purchase
A rating for the strength of the evidence supporting each drug interaction.
Learn more - ActionActionAvailable for Purchase
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
Learn more
- Food Interactions
- Avoid milk and dairy products. Take at least 1 hour before or two hours after consuming dairy products.
- Take separate from meals. Take at least one hour before or two hours after a meal.
Products
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Oxytetracycline calcium C8MRZ07FDV 13303-91-8 KIPLYOUQVMMOHB-MXWBXKMOSA-L Oxytetracycline dihydrate X20I9EN955 6153-64-6 SRRPEXWCHWWJOC-JEKSYDDFSA-N Oxytetracycline hydrochloride 4U7K4N52ZM 2058-46-0 UBDNTYUBJLXUNN-IFLJXUKPSA-N Oxytetracycline monocalcium M90SJ24J2X 7179-50-2 QJHKFWPAQRFQBG-IFLJXUKPSA-L - International/Other Brands
- Adamycin (Teva) / Anglocycline (Anglopak) / Corsamycin (Corsa Industries) / Oxacin (Doctor's Chemical Works) / Oxypan (Adcock Ingram Pharmaceuticals) / Oxyterracyna (Chema) / Terrados (Pfizer) / Tetran (Wagner Pharmafax) / Tetrasona (Medifarma)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataTerramycin Capsule 250 mg/1 Oral Pfizer Labs 2005-12-07 Not applicable US 
Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Terra-Cortril Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (5 mg/1mL) + Hydrocortisone acetate (15 mg/1mL) Suspension Ophthalmic Roerig 2006-04-07 2006-07-25 US Terramycin Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (10000 [USP'U]/1g) Ointment Ophthalmic Roerig 1965-07-08 2010-01-01 US Urobiotic Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (250 mg/1) + Phenazopyridine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Sulfamethizole (250 mg/1) Capsule Oral Roerig 2005-12-14 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- J01AA06 — Oxytetracycline
- J01AA — Tetracyclines
- J01A — TETRACYCLINES
- J01 — ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J — ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J01AA — Tetracyclines
- J01A — TETRACYCLINES
- J01 — ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- J — ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- D06AA — Tetracycline and derivatives
- D06A — ANTIBIOTICS FOR TOPICAL USE
- D06 — ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS FOR DERMATOLOGICAL USE
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
- G01AA — Antibiotics
- G01A — ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
- G01 — GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- Drug Categories
- Agents that produce neuromuscular block (indirect)
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antibacterials for Systemic Use
- Antibiotics for Topical Use
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Dermatologicals
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Gynecological Antiinfectives and Antiseptics
- Naphthacenes
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Substrates
- Ophthalmologicals
- Sensory Organs
- Tetracyclines
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetracyclines. These are polyketides having an octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide skeleton, substituted with many hydroxy and other groups.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
- Class
- Tetracyclines
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Tetracyclines
- Alternative Parents
- Naphthacenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetralins / Aryl ketones / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids / Aralkylamines / Cyclohexenones / Tertiary alcohols / Vinylogous acids show 9 more
- Substituents
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alcohol / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Anthracene carboxylic acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homopolycyclic compound / Aryl ketone / Benzenoid show 24 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homopolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- tetracyclines (CHEBI:27701) / Linear tetracyclines, Antibiotic fungicides (C06624) / Linear tetracyclines (LMPK07000005)
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- SLF0D9077S
- CAS number
- 79-57-2
- InChI Key
- IWVCMVBTMGNXQD-PXOLEDIWSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C22H24N2O9/c1-21(32)7-5-4-6-8(25)9(7)15(26)10-12(21)17(28)13-14(24(2)3)16(27)11(20(23)31)19(30)22(13,33)18(10)29/h4-6,12-14,17,25,27-29,32-33H,1-3H3,(H2,23,31)/t12-,13-,14+,17+,21-,22+/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (4S,4aR,5S,5aR,6S,12aS)-4-(dimethylamino)-3,5,6,10,12,12a-hexahydroxy-6-methyl-1,11-dioxo-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydrotetracene-2-carboxamide
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12[C@@H](O)[C@@]3([H])C(C(=O)C4=C(C=CC=C4O)[C@@]3(C)O)=C(O)[C@]1(O)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@H]2N(C)C
References
- Synthesis Reference
Janos Balint, Laszlo Cseke, Ferenc Fabian, Lajos Kun, Miklos Szarvas, "Process for the preparation of an oxytetracycline-calcium silicate complex salt from fermentation broth." U.S. Patent US4584135, issued April, 1951.
US4584135- General References
- Agwuh KN, MacGowan A: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the tetracyclines including glycylcyclines. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 Aug;58(2):256-65. Epub 2006 Jul 1. [PubMed:16816396]
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C06624
- PubChem Compound
- 54675779
- PubChem Substance
- 46507025
- ChemSpider
- 10482174
- 7821
- ChEBI
- 27701
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1517
- ZINC
- ZINC000095626782
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000401
- PharmGKB
- PA450757
- PDBe Ligand
- OTC
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Oxytetracycline
- PDB Entries
- 2xpw
- MSDS
- Download (73.1 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment 0.5-14 Year Old Children With Nephroblastoma 1 3 Unknown Status Treatment Acne Vulgaris II or III Degree / Furuncle 1 0 Unknown Status Treatment Osteomyelitis 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
- John j ferrante
- Impax laboratories inc
- Proter laboratory spa
- Purepac pharmaceutical co
- West ward pharmaceutical corp
- Packagers
- Chifeng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.
- Medisca Inc.
- Norbrook Laboratories Ltd.
- Pfizer Inc.
- Proter SPA
- Veterina Animal Health Ltd.
- West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 250 mg Ointment Topical 30 mg/g Tablet, coated Oral 250 mg Injection, solution 40 mg/2mL Injection 50 MG/ML Injection, solution 200 mg/10mL Ointment Ophthalmic 3 % Ointment Ophthalmic 30 MG/G Injection, solution 50 mg/1mL Ointment Topical 10000 U Ointment Ophthalmic 10000 U Ointment Ophthalmic 5 mg/ml Ointment 10 mg/g Suspension Ophthalmic Injection Topical 100 mg/2mL Injection Topical 250 mg/2mL Injection Topical 50 mg/mL Ointment Ophthalmic 0.5 g Capsule Oral 250 mg/1 Ointment 30 mg/1g Ointment Ophthalmic Ointment Ophthalmic 1 % Ointment Ophthalmic 5 mg/1g Ointment Ophthalmic 5 mg/G Ointment Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 0.5 g Capsule Oral - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Terramycin-polymyx eye ointm 3.85USD g Oxytetracycline hcl powder 3.59USD g Terramycin 250 mg/2 ml ampul 2.22USD ml Terramycin im 100 mg/2 ml amp 1.24USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 184.5 °C PhysProp water solubility 313 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992) logP -0.90 SANGSTER (1994) logS -3.14 ADME Research, USCD pKa 3.27 (at 25 °C) KORTUM,G ET AL (1961) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 1.4 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.99 ALOGPS logP -4.5 ChemAxon logS -2.5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 2.84 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.41 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 10 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 7 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 201.85 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 2 ChemAxon Refractivity 115.4 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 43.22 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 4 ChemAxon Bioavailability 0 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.85 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9881 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8706 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.699 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8038 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8628 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9562 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8008 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.6551 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9144 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9293 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9099 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8567 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8086 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9132 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8632 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9941 Rat acute toxicity 2.3159 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9946 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7466
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Trna binding
- Specific Function
- The C-terminal tail plays a role in the affinity of the 30S P site for different tRNAs. Mutations that decrease this affinity are suppressed in the 70S ribosome.
- Gene Name
- rpsI
- Uniprot ID
- P0A7X3
- Uniprot Name
- 30S ribosomal protein S9
- Molecular Weight
- 14856.105 Da
References
- Aminov RI, Chee-Sanford JC, Garrigues N, Mehboob A, Mackie RI: Detection of tetracycline resistance genes by PCR methods. Methods Mol Biol. 2004;268:3-13. [PubMed:15156014]
- Skold SE: RNA-protein complexes identified by crosslinking of polysomes. Biochimie. 1981 Jan;63(1):53-60. [PubMed:6163479]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Translation repressor activity, nucleic acid binding
- Specific Function
- One of two assembly initiator proteins for the 30S subunit, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit.With S5 and S12 plays an important role in trans...
- Gene Name
- rpsD
- Uniprot ID
- P0A7V8
- Uniprot Name
- 30S ribosomal protein S4
- Molecular Weight
- 23468.915 Da
References
- Aminov RI, Chee-Sanford JC, Garrigues N, Mehboob A, Mackie RI: Detection of tetracycline resistance genes by PCR methods. Methods Mol Biol. 2004;268:3-13. [PubMed:15156014]
- Skold SE: RNA-protein complexes identified by crosslinking of polysomes. Biochimie. 1981 Jan;63(1):53-60. [PubMed:6163479]
Unknown
Inhibitor
References
- Engemann CA, Adams L, Knapp CW, Graham DW: Disappearance of oxytetracycline resistance genes in aquatic systems. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Oct;263(2):176-82. [PubMed:16978353]
- Tsai HJ, Huang CW: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from chickens and pigeons in Taiwan. Avian Dis. 2006 Dec;50(4):502-7. [PubMed:17274285]
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Toxic substance binding
- Specific Function
- Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
- Gene Name
- ALB
- Uniprot ID
- P02768
- Uniprot Name
- Serum albumin
- Molecular Weight
- 69365.94 Da
References
- Keswani N, Choudhary S, Kishore N: Quantitative aspects of recognition of the antibiotic drug oxytetracycline by bovine serum albumin: Calorimetric and spectroscopic studies The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. 2013 Mar;58:196-205.
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [PubMed:11855680]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [PubMed:11855680]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates saturable uptake of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and related compounds.
- Gene Name
- SLC22A11
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NSA0
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 11
- Molecular Weight
- 59970.945 Da
References
- Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [PubMed:11855680]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates sodium-independent multispecific organic anion transport. Transport of prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2, tetracycline, bumetanide, estrone sulfate, glutarate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulf...
- Gene Name
- SLC22A7
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y694
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 7
- Molecular Weight
- 60025.025 Da
References
- Babu E, Takeda M, Narikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Yamamoto T, Cha SH, Sekine T, Sakthisekaran D, Endou H: Human organic anion transporters mediate the transport of tetracycline. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2002 Jan;88(1):69-76. [PubMed:11855680]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 07:24 / Updated on November 02, 2020 20:59