Camphor
Identification
- Summary
Camphor is a compound used topically to help relieve pain and also as a topical antiseptic. May also be used in vaporizers to help suppress coughing. This medication should not be swallowed.
- Brand Names
- Fast Freeze, Jointflex, Salonpas Gel-patch, Sarna Sensitive, Vicks Vaporub
- Generic Name
- Camphor
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01744
- Background
A bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially cinnamomum camphora. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Camphor (DB01744)
- Weight
- Average: 152.2334
Monoisotopic: 152.120115134 - Chemical Formula
- C10H16O
- Synonyms
- (+)-bornan-2-one
- (+)-Camphor
- (1R,4R)-camphor
- (1R)-(+)-camphor
- (R)-(+)-camphor
- (R)-camphor
- Camphor (natural)
- Camphor D-form
- Camphor oil
- Camphor(D)
- Camphora
- D-Camphor
- Dextrocamphor
- Natural camphor
- External IDs
- FEMA NO. 2230
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UCamphor 5-monooxygenase substratePseudomonas putida ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 agonistactivatorHumans ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 agonistactivatorHumans ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 inhibitorHumans ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 activatorHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 365 Medicated Lip Balm Stick 0.0578 g/4.25g Topical Whole Foods Market, Inc. 2019-06-13 Not applicable US 
amoray premium Vaporizing Inhaler Liquid 13 mg/1 Nasal Ningbo Pulisi Daily Chemical Products 2016-03-31 Not applicable US Band-aid Brand Anti-itch Gel Gel 0.50 % Topical Johnson & Johnson 2001-06-01 2009-08-06 Canada 
Band-aid Brand Anti-itch Spray Solution 0.5 % Topical Johnson & Johnson 2002-03-01 2008-08-07 Canada Banish My Pain Ointment 2.576 g/60mL Topical LAIDEN MONTANA EMU PRODUCTS 2019-05-06 Not applicable US Blue Star Ointment 12.4 mg/1g Topical GHC Group, LLC 2012-10-30 2017-11-08 US Camphor Ointment 10 g/100g Topical Caribe Natural, Llc 2015-05-05 Not applicable US Camphor Ointment 10 g/100g Topical World Perfumes, Inc 2015-05-05 Not applicable US Camphor Spirit Liquid 10 g / 100 mL Topical Regal Pharms, Division Of Bradcan Corporation 1983-12-31 1996-12-16 Canada Camphor Spirit Liquid 100 mg/1mL Topical Humco Holding Group, Inc. 2008-01-01 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Abridge Cold Sore Treatment Camphor (30 mg/1g) + Levomenthol (10 mg/1g) + Petrolatum (892 mg/1g) + Phenol (15 mg/1g) Cream Topical Ranir LLC 2020-02-24 Not applicable US Abridge Cold Sore Treatment Camphor (30 mg/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1g) Cream Topical Ranir LLC 2013-04-05 2021-05-12 US Aching Head Rub Camphor (3.09 g/100g) + Levomenthol (2.55 g/100g) Ointment Topical Little Moon Essentials 2016-09-26 Not applicable US AIM Muscle Pain Relief Cream Camphor (2.5 g/100g) + Levomenthol (1.5 g/100g) + Methyl salicylate (10 g/100g) Cream Topical Laboratorios Bremer, S.A. 2018-01-04 2019-12-19 US Air Salonpas Camphor (3.00 mg/100mL) + Levomenthol (3.20 mg/100mL) + Methyl salicylate (1.75 mg/100mL) Aerosol, spray Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. 1997-09-03 2014-04-30 US AleveX Camphor (5.5 mg/1g) + Levomenthol (16 mg/1g) Lotion Topical Bayer HealthCare LLC 2021-04-01 Not applicable US AleveX Camphor (5.5 mg/1g) + Levomenthol (16 mg/1g) Lotion Topical Bayer HealthCare LLC 2021-04-01 Not applicable US AleveX Camphor (5.5 mg/1g) + Levomenthol (16 mg/1g) Spray Topical Bayer HealthCare LLC 2021-04-01 Not applicable US Amoray Care Chest Rub Camphor (4.7 g/113g) + Eucalyptus oil (1 g/113g) + Levomenthol (2 g/113g) Gel Topical My Import Inc 2010-03-10 2017-02-10 US Amrut Balm Camphor (0.75 g/1g) + Levomenthol (3.7 g/1g) Ointment Topical InvaTech Pharma Solutions LLC 2017-04-18 Not applicable US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Camphomex Camphor (3.6 mg/1mL) + Histamine (0.03 mg/1mL) + Levomenthol (12 mg/1mL) Spray Topical 1st Class Pharmaceuticals 2014-03-24 2016-01-15 US Chun Gi So Camphor (1 g/100g) + Levomenthol (1 g/100g) Cream Topical CHO WELL GF 2019-11-17 Not applicable US Ddsgen Camphor (1 g/100g) + Levomenthol (1 g/100g) Cream Topical The Times Co., Ltd. 2019-05-11 Not applicable US Diclotrex Camphor (4 g/100g) + Diclofenac sodium (16.05 mg/1mL) + Levomenthol (10 g/100g) Kit Topical PureTek Corporation 2018-10-23 2028-10-19 US Kaydia Patch Camphor (3 g/100g) + Cannabidiol (0.15 g/100g) + Levomenthol (1 g/100g) Patch Topical Strong Current Enterprises Limited 2020-05-02 Not applicable US Migranow Camphor (4 g/100g) + Levomenthol (10 g/100g) + Sumatriptan succinate (50 mg/1) Kit Oral; Topical PureTek Corporation 2016-04-18 Not applicable US Tetramex Camphor (3.6 mg/1mL) + Levomenthol (1.2 mg/1mL) + Tetracaine hydrochloride (2.4 mg/1mL) Spray Topical 1st Class Pharmaceuticals 2014-03-24 2016-01-15 US Thera Derm Roll On Camphor (4 mg/90mg) + (-)-menthol 1-propylene glycol carbonate (9 mg/90mg) + Methyl salicylate 2-ethylbutyrate (18 mg/90mg) + Peppermint oil (9 mg/90mg) Liquid Topical Manna Omni International Incorporated 2017-07-31 Not applicable US TheraDerm Camphor (5 mg/120mg) + Levomenthol (12 mg/120mg) + Methyl salicylate 2-ethylbutyrate (24 mg/120mg) + Peppermint oil (12 mg/120mg) Spray Topical Manna Omni International Incorporated 2017-03-17 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C01EB02 — Camphora
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Prenol lipids
- Sub Class
- Monoterpenoids
- Direct Parent
- Bicyclic monoterpenoids
- Alternative Parents
- Ketones / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Bicyclic monoterpenoid / Bornane monoterpenoid / Carbonyl group / Hydrocarbon derivative / Ketone / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organooxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- camphor (CHEBI:15396)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- N20HL7Q941
- CAS number
- 464-49-3
- InChI Key
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,10+/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CC[C@@](C)(C(=O)C1)C2(C)C
References
- Synthesis Reference
Gerard Lang, Serge Forestier, Alain LaGrange, "Derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, process for their preparation and their use as protective agents against UV rays and as medicaments." U.S. Patent US4710584, issued January, 1984.
US4710584- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0059838
- KEGG Drug
- D06392
- KEGG Compound
- C00808
- PubChem Compound
- 159055
- PubChem Substance
- 46508429
- ChemSpider
- 139902
- BindingDB
- 36263
- 1298738
- ChEBI
- 15396
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL504760
- ZINC
- ZINC000000967520
- PharmGKB
- PA448759
- PDBe Ligand
- CAM
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Camphor
- PDB Entries
- 1akd / 1dz4 / 1dz6 / 1dz8 / 1dz9 / 1geb / 1iwi / 1iwj / 1o76 / 1t85 … show 65 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 3 Unknown Status Treatment Cough 1 1 Completed Treatment Common Cold 1 Not Available Completed Diagnostic Dermatitis, Photocontact 1 Not Available Completed Treatment Hypopituitarism 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- DSHealthcare Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Stick Topical 0.0578 g/4.25g Ointment Nasal Aerosol, spray Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Liquid Nasal 13 mg/1 Liquid Buccal Liquid Oral Solution / drops Auricular (otic) Spray Topical Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 6 % Gel Topical 0.50 % Solution Topical 0.5 % Oil Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Ointment Topical 12.4 mg/1g Ointment Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Ointment Topical 10 g/100g Liquid Oral; Topical 10 % Liquid Topical 10 g / 100 mL Liquid Topical 10 % Liquid Topical 100 mg / mL Liquid Topical 20 % Liquid Topical 200 g / 1 kg Liquid Topical 200 mg / g Ointment Topical 20 % Tincture Oral Solution Topical 10 % Solution Topical Solution Cutaneous Cream Topical 3 g/100g Cream Topical 5 g/100g Oil Topical 3 g/100mL Plaster Topical 1 g/100g Patch Topical 13.875 mg/1h Jelly Topical Gel Topical 4.5 mg/1g Oil Gel Topical Ointment Topical 2 % w/w Ointment Topical Cream Topical 2 g/100mL Oil Topical 1.1 g/100g Ointment Topical 11 g/100g Ointment Topical 2.576 g/60mL Liquid Intramuscular Suppository Rectal Cream Topical 3 g/100mL Lotion Topical 0.005 g/1mL Liquid Topical 7.79 g/100mL Aerosol, spray Topical Solution Topical Patch Cutaneous Kit Topical Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 1 %w/v Swab Topical 0.15 mg/1g Ointment Topical 3.0 g/100g Spray Topical 3.1 g/100mL Patch Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Oil Topical Cream Topical 0.5 g/100mL Lotion Cutaneous Patch Topical Lotion Topical 32 g/1000g Lotion Topical Cream Topical 30 mg / g Cream Topical 3.2 g/100g Patch Topical 22.5 mg/1 Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) Gel Topical 50 mg/1mL Lotion Topical 0.7 g/100mL Cream Topical 30 mg/1000mg Aerosol Topical Salve Topical Stick Topical Oil Topical 6 g/4576mL Liniment Percutaneous; Transdermal 1 g/3500mL Liniment Percutaneous; Transdermal Kit Oral; Topical Solution Oil Topical 3 mL/100mL Cream Topical Cream Topical 1.5 g/50g Spray Topical 3 g/100mL Liquid Topical 3.1 g/100mL Liquid Topical 3.1 g/100g Tablet Oral Liquid Topical .0225 g/.75mL Cream Topical 1 g/100g Aerosol, spray Topical 1.5 g/100mL Lotion Topical 1.5 g/100g Patch Topical 280 mg/1 Gel Topical 1.5 g/100g Liniment Topical 3.5 g/100mL Liniment Topical Lotion Topical 2 % w/v Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 0.623 g/10mL Gel Cutaneous; Topical Ointment Cutaneous; Topical Cream Topical 2 g/100g Liquid Topical 100 mg/1mL Plaster Spray Cutaneous Solution Topical 2.8 % w/w Plaster Topical Spray Topical 1 mL/30mL Patch Cutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Liquid Oral; Topical 10 g / 100 mL Liquid Topical Powder Topical Liquid Topical 1 mg/1mL Patch Topical 0.1 g/100g Ointment Topical 1.344 g/28g Patch Transdermal Plaster Transdermal Plaster Cutaneous Ointment Poultice Transdermal Ointment Topical 4 g Inhalant Respiratory (inhalation) 62 mg/1mL Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 62 mg/1mL Solution Intrasinal; Respiratory (inhalation) Stick Nasal Inhalant Nasal Ointment Topical 5 % Liquid Ophthalmic Plaster Transdermal 3.1 g/1 Liquid Dental Solution Oral Emulsion Topical - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 180 °C PhysProp boiling point (°C) 204 °C PhysProp water solubility 1600 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003) logP 2.38 DAYLIGHT (1999) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.88 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.85 ALOGPS logP 2.55 ChemAxon logS -2.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) -7.5 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 17.07 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 44.49 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 17.74 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 2 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9971 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9836 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8084 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.5868 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.639 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9104 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8103 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.823 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8379 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.6692 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8876 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9088 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9696 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9313 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9583 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.978 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9133 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8235 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.6872 Rat acute toxicity 1.6328 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.913 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8076
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B GC-MS splash10-05nb-9200000000-1b9d8eae41ec7b1ad819 GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B GC-MS splash10-05o1-9300000000-f5c5e5805061cef08d31 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas putida
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in a camphor oxidation system.
- Gene Name
- camC
- Uniprot ID
- P00183
- Uniprot Name
- Camphor 5-monooxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 46668.8 Da
References
- Balaraman P, Plettner E: Chemotaxis by Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17453) towards camphor involves cytochrome P450cam (CYP101A1). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019 Feb;1863(2):304-312. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.018. Epub 2018 Nov 1. [Article]
- Kammoonah S, Prasad B, Balaraman P, Mundhada H, Schwaneberg U, Plettner E: Selecting of a cytochrome P450cam SeSaM library with 3-chloroindole and endosulfan - Identification of mutants that dehalogenate 3-chloroindole. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2018 Jan;1866(1):68-79. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Sep 18. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- AgonistActivator
- General Function
- Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular aci...
- Gene Name
- TRPV1
- Uniprot ID
- Q8NER1
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 94955.33 Da
References
- Xu H, Blair NT, Clapham DE: Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8924-37. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2574-05.2005. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- AgonistActivator
- General Function
- Calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Putative receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. It is activated by innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures greater than 39 d...
- Gene Name
- TRPV3
- Uniprot ID
- Q8NET8
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3
- Molecular Weight
- 90635.115 Da
References
- Xu H, Blair NT, Clapham DE: Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8924-37. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2574-05.2005. [Article]
- Sherkheli MA, Vogt-Eisele AK, Weber K, Hatt H: Camphor modulates TRPV3 cation channels activity by interacting with critical pore-region cysteine residues. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2013 May;26(3):431-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Temperature-gated cation channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of pain and possibly also in cold perception and inner ear function (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:25855297). Has a central role in t...
- Gene Name
- TRPA1
- Uniprot ID
- O75762
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 127499.88 Da
References
- Xu H, Blair NT, Clapham DE: Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8924-37. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2574-05.2005. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of sensations such as coolness, by being activated by cold temperature below 25 degrees Celsius. Activated by icilin, eucalypto...
- Gene Name
- TRPM8
- Uniprot ID
- Q7Z2W7
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 127684.035 Da
References
- Selescu T, Ciobanu AC, Dobre C, Reid G, Babes A: Camphor activates and sensitizes transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) to cooling and icilin. Chem Senses. 2013 Sep;38(7):563-75. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjt027. Epub 2013 Jul 4. [Article]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated on October 24, 2021 16:00