Identification
- Summary
Camphor is a compound used topically to help relieve pain and also as a topical antiseptic. May also be used in vaporizers to help suppress coughing. This medication should not be swallowed.
- Brand Names
- Fast Freeze, Salonpas Gel-patch
- Generic Name
- Camphor
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01744
- Background
Camphor is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially Cinnamomum camphora. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic and as an anti-infective agent. When ingested, camphor has a rapid onset of toxic effects, and camphorated oil is the product most often responsible for its toxicity. The FDA ruled that camphorated oil could not be marketed in the United States and that no product could contain a concentration higher than 11%. It appears in the list of drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for safety or effectiveness.1,2 However, camphor can be found in several nonprescription medications at lower concentrations.1
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Withdrawn
- Structure
Structure for Camphor (DB01744)
- Weight
- Average: 152.2334
Monoisotopic: 152.120115134 - Chemical Formula
- C10H16O
- Synonyms
- (+)-bornan-2-one
- (+)-Camphor
- (1R,4R)-camphor
- (1R)-(+)-camphor
- (R)-(+)-camphor
- (R)-camphor
- Camphor (natural)
- Camphor D-form
- Camphor oil
- Camphor(D)
- Camphora
- D-Camphor
- Dextrocamphor
- Natural camphor
- External IDs
- FEMA NO. 2230
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 agonistactivatorHumans ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3 agonistactivatorHumans ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 inhibitorHumans ATransient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 activatorHumans UCamphor 5-monooxygenase substratePseudomonas putida - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 365 Medicated Lip Balm Stick 0.0578 g/4.25g Topical Whole Foods Market, Inc. 2019-06-13 Not applicable US 
amoray premium Vaporizing Inhaler Liquid 13 mg/1 Nasal Ningbo Pulisi Daily Chemical Products 2016-03-31 Not applicable US ArthroNEO Spray 0.5 g/100g Topical Hakimian Global LLC 2021-10-27 Not applicable US ArthroNEO Spray 0.5 g/100g Topical Likasso LTD 2021-10-27 Not applicable US Band-aid Brand Anti-itch Gel Gel 0.50 % Topical Johnson & Johnson 2001-06-01 2009-08-06 Canada 
Band-aid Brand Anti-itch Spray Solution 0.5 % Topical Johnson & Johnson 2002-03-01 2008-08-07 Canada Banish My Pain Ointment 2.576 g/60mL Topical LAIDEN MONTANA EMU PRODUCTS 2019-05-06 Not applicable US Blue Star Ointment 12.4 mg/1g Topical GHC Group, LLC 2012-10-30 2017-11-08 US Camphor Ointment 10 g/100g Topical World Perfumes, Inc 2015-05-05 Not applicable US Camphor Ointment 10 g/100g Topical Caribe Natural, Llc 2015-05-05 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Aching Head Rub Camphor (3.09 g/100g) + Menthol (2.55 g/100g) Ointment Topical Little Moon Essentials 2016-09-26 Not applicable US After Bite Natural Camphor (10 mg/1g) + Colloidal oatmeal (100 mg/1g) Salve Topical Adventure Ready Brands 2022-04-01 Not applicable US AIM Muscle Pain Relief Cream Camphor (2.5 g/100g) + Menthol (1.5 g/100g) + Methyl salicylate (10 g/100g) Cream Topical Laboratorios Bremer, S.A. 2018-01-04 2019-12-19 US Air Salonpas Camphor (3.00 mg/100mL) + Menthol (3.20 mg/100mL) + Methyl salicylate (1.75 mg/100mL) Aerosol, spray Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. 1997-09-03 2014-04-30 US Amoray Care Chest Rub Camphor (4.7 g/113g) + Eucalyptus oil (1 g/113g) + Menthol (2 g/113g) Gel Topical MY IMPORT USA INC 2010-03-10 2017-02-10 US Amrut Balm Camphor (0.75 g/1g) + Menthol (3.7 g/1g) Ointment Topical InvaTech Pharma Solutions LLC 2017-04-18 Not applicable US Anbesol Liquid Camphor (0.25 %) + Benzocaine (6.5 %) + Levomenthol (0.25 %) + Phenol (0.45 %) Liquid Buccal Wyeth Ltd. 1992-12-31 2006-07-24 Canada Anbesol Maximum Strength Liquid Camphor (0.25 %) + Benzocaine (20.0 %) + Levomenthol (0.25 %) + Phenol (0.45 %) Liquid Oral Wyeth Ltd. 1992-12-31 2006-07-24 Canada Antibiotic Cold Sore Ointment Camphor (20 mg / g) + Benzocaine (50 mg / g) + Levomenthol (1 mg / g) + Polymyxin B (500 unit / g) + Tyrothricin (0.5 mg / g) Ointment Topical Columbia Laboratories 1992-12-31 2009-07-17 Canada ANTIDOT 15 GR POMAD Camphor (1.2 g/15g) + Levomenthol (0.2025 g/15g) + Methyl salicylate (0.0825 g/15g) Ointment Topical SİSTAŞ İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2020-08-14 Not applicable Turkey 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Camphomex Camphor (3.6 mg/1mL) + Histamine (0.03 mg/1mL) + Menthol (12 mg/1mL) Spray Topical 1st Class Pharmaceuticals 2014-03-24 2016-01-15 US Chun Gi So Camphor (1 g/100g) + Menthol (1 g/100g) Cream Topical CHO WELL GF 2019-11-17 Not applicable US Ddsgen Camphor (1 g/100g) + Menthol (1 g/100g) Cream Topical The Times Co., Ltd. 2019-05-11 Not applicable US Kaydia Patch Camphor (3 g/100g) + Cannabidiol (0.15 g/100g) + Levomenthol (1 g/100g) Patch Topical Strong Current Enterprises Limited 2020-05-02 Not applicable US Tetramex Camphor (3.6 mg/1mL) + Menthol (1.2 mg/1mL) + Tetracaine hydrochloride (2.4 mg/1mL) Spray Topical 1st Class Pharmaceuticals 2014-03-24 2016-01-15 US Thera Derm Roll On Camphor (4 mg/90mg) + (-)-menthol 1-propylene glycol carbonate (9 mg/90mg) + Methyl salicylate 2-ethylbutyrate (18 mg/90mg) + Peppermint oil (9 mg/90mg) Liquid Topical Manna Omni International Incorporated 2017-07-31 Not applicable US TheraDerm Camphor (5 mg/120mg) + Menthol (12 mg/120mg) + Methyl salicylate 2-ethylbutyrate (24 mg/120mg) + Peppermint oil (12 mg/120mg) Spray Topical Manna Omni International Incorporated 2017-03-17 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C01EB02 — Camphora
- Drug Categories
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local
- Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
- Basic Lotions and Liniments
- Bicyclic Monoterpenes
- Biological Products
- Bornanes
- Bridged-Ring Compounds
- Cardiac Therapy
- Complex Mixtures
- Ketones
- Monoterpenes
- Norbornanes
- Pharmaceutical Preparations
- Plant Extracts
- Plant Preparations
- Terpenes
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as bicyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids containing exactly 2 rings, which are fused to each other.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Prenol lipids
- Sub Class
- Monoterpenoids
- Direct Parent
- Bicyclic monoterpenoids
- Alternative Parents
- Ketones / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
- Substituents
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound / Bicyclic monoterpenoid / Bornane monoterpenoid / Carbonyl group / Hydrocarbon derivative / Ketone / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organooxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- camphor (CHEBI:15396)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- N20HL7Q941
- CAS number
- 464-49-3
- InChI Key
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C10H16O/c1-9(2)7-4-5-10(9,3)8(11)6-7/h7H,4-6H2,1-3H3/t7-,10+/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (1R,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CC[C@@](C)(C(=O)C1)C2(C)C
References
- Synthesis Reference
Gerard Lang, Serge Forestier, Alain LaGrange, "Derivatives of 3-benzylidene camphor, process for their preparation and their use as protective agents against UV rays and as medicaments." U.S. Patent US4710584, issued January, 1984.
US4710584- General References
- Love JN, Sammon M, Smereck J: Are one or two dangerous? Camphor exposure in toddlers. J Emerg Med. 2004 Jul;27(1):49-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2004.02.010. [Article]
- Code of Federal Regulations 216.24: Drug products withdrawn or removed from the market for reasons of safety or effectiveness. [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0059838
- KEGG Drug
- D06392
- KEGG Compound
- C00808
- PubChem Compound
- 159055
- PubChem Substance
- 46508429
- ChemSpider
- 139902
- BindingDB
- 36263
- 1298738
- ChEBI
- 15396
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL504760
- ZINC
- ZINC000000967520
- PharmGKB
- PA448759
- PDBe Ligand
- CAM
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Camphor
- PDB Entries
- 1akd / 1dz4 / 1dz6 / 1dz8 / 1dz9 / 1geb / 1iwi / 1iwj / 1o76 / 1t85 … show 65 more
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 3 Unknown Status Treatment Cough 1 1 Completed Treatment Common Cold 1 Not Available Completed Diagnostic Dermatitis, Photocontact 1 Not Available Completed Treatment Hypopituitarism 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- DSHealthcare Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Stick Topical 0.0578 g/4.25g Ointment Nasal Aerosol, spray Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Liquid Nasal 13 mg/1 Liquid Buccal Liquid Oral Spray Topical 0.5 g/100g Solution / drops Auricular (otic) Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 6 % Gel Topical 0.50 % Solution Topical 0.5 % Oil Percutaneous; Topical; Transdermal Ointment Topical 12.4 mg/1g Ointment Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Gel Topical Cream Topical 0.15 g/100g Ointment Topical 10 g/100g Liquid Oral; Topical 10 % Liquid Topical 10 g / 100 mL Liquid Topical 10 % Liquid Topical 100 mg / mL Liquid Topical 20 % Liquid Topical 200 g / 1 kg Liquid Topical 200 mg / g Ointment Topical 20 % Tincture Oral Liniment Topical Solution Topical 10 % Solution Topical Solution Cutaneous Cream Topical 3 g/100g Cream Topical 5 g/100g Oil Topical 3 g/100mL Stick Topical Plaster Topical 1 g/100g Patch Topical 13.875 mg/1h Jelly Topical Oil Patch Topical Ointment Topical 2 % w/w Cream Topical 2 g/100mL Plaster Transdermal Oil Topical 1.1 g/100g Ointment Topical 2.576 g/60mL Liquid Intramuscular Suppository Rectal Cream Topical 3 g/100mL Lotion Topical Lotion Topical 0.005 g/1mL Liquid Topical 7.79 g/100mL Aerosol, spray Topical Patch Cutaneous Kit Topical Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 1 %w/v Swab Topical 0.15 mg/1g Ointment Topical 3.0 g/100g Spray Topical 3.1 g/100mL Cream Topical 0.5 g/100mL Lotion Cutaneous Lotion Topical 32 g/1000g Cream Topical 30 mg / g Patch Topical 22.5 mg/1 Ointment Topical Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) Gel Topical 50 mg/1mL Lotion Topical 0.7 g/100mL Cream Topical 30 mg/1000mg Aerosol Topical Salve Topical Inhalant Nasal Oil Topical 6 g/4576mL Liniment Percutaneous; Transdermal 1 g/3500mL Liniment Percutaneous; Transdermal Solution Oil Topical 3 mL/100mL Cream Topical 1.5 g/50g Spray Topical 3 g/100mL Liquid Topical 3.1 g/100mL Liquid Topical 3.1 g/100g Solution Topical Tablet Oral Liquid Topical .0225 g/.75mL Cream Topical 1 g/100g Aerosol, spray Topical 1.5 g/100mL Lotion Topical 1.5 g/100g Patch Topical 280 mg/1 Gel Topical 1.5 g/100g Liniment Topical 3.5 g/100mL Patch Transdermal Plaster Topical Cream Topical 3.3 g/100g Kit; patch Topical Cream Topical 2 g/100g Liquid Topical 100 mg/1mL Oil Topical Cream Topical Spray Cutaneous Ointment Topical 1 g/100g Solution Topical 2.8 % w/w Spray Topical 1 mL/30mL Liquid Oral; Topical 10 g / 100 mL Liquid Topical Plaster Powder Topical Liquid Topical 1 mg/1mL Patch Topical 0.1 g/100g Ointment Topical 1.344 g/28g Spray Topical Plaster Cutaneous Ointment Poultice Transdermal Liquid Respiratory (inhalation) 62 mg/1mL Solution Intrasinal; Respiratory (inhalation) Stick Nasal Ointment Topical 5 % Liquid Ophthalmic Plaster Transdermal 3.1 g/1 Liquid Dental Solution Oral Emulsion Topical - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 180 °C PhysProp boiling point (°C) 204 °C PhysProp water solubility 1600 mg/L (at 25 °C) YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003) logP 2.38 DAYLIGHT (1999) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.88 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.85 ALOGPS logP 2.55 Chemaxon logS -2.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) -7.5 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 17.07 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 44.49 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 17.74 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9971 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9836 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8084 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.5868 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.639 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9104 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8103 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.823 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8379 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.6692 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8876 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9088 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9696 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9313 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9583 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.978 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9133 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8235 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.6872 Rat acute toxicity 1.6328 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.913 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8076
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B GC-MS splash10-05nb-9200000000-1b9d8eae41ec7b1ad819 GC-MS Spectrum - EI-B GC-MS splash10-05o1-9300000000-f5c5e5805061cef08d31 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- AgonistActivator
- General Function
- Transmembrane signaling receptor activity
- Specific Function
- Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular aci...
- Gene Name
- TRPV1
- Uniprot ID
- Q8NER1
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 94955.33 Da
References
- Xu H, Blair NT, Clapham DE: Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8924-37. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2574-05.2005. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- AgonistActivator
- General Function
- Calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Putative receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. It is activated by innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures greater than 39 d...
- Gene Name
- TRPV3
- Uniprot ID
- Q8NET8
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3
- Molecular Weight
- 90635.115 Da
References
- Xu H, Blair NT, Clapham DE: Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8924-37. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2574-05.2005. [Article]
- Sherkheli MA, Vogt-Eisele AK, Weber K, Hatt H: Camphor modulates TRPV3 cation channels activity by interacting with critical pore-region cysteine residues. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2013 May;26(3):431-8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Temperature-gated cation channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of pain and possibly also in cold perception and inner ear function (PubMed:25389312, PubMed:25855297). Has a central role in t...
- Gene Name
- TRPA1
- Uniprot ID
- O75762
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 127499.88 Da
References
- Xu H, Blair NT, Clapham DE: Camphor activates and strongly desensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 channel in a vanilloid-independent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2005 Sep 28;25(39):8924-37. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2574-05.2005. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of sensations such as coolness, by being activated by cold temperature below 25 degrees Celsius. Activated by icilin, eucalypto...
- Gene Name
- TRPM8
- Uniprot ID
- Q7Z2W7
- Uniprot Name
- Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8
- Molecular Weight
- 127684.035 Da
References
- Selescu T, Ciobanu AC, Dobre C, Reid G, Babes A: Camphor activates and sensitizes transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) to cooling and icilin. Chem Senses. 2013 Sep;38(7):563-75. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjt027. Epub 2013 Jul 4. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Pseudomonas putida
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Involved in a camphor oxidation system.
- Gene Name
- camC
- Uniprot ID
- P00183
- Uniprot Name
- Camphor 5-monooxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 46668.8 Da
References
- Balaraman P, Plettner E: Chemotaxis by Pseudomonas putida (ATCC 17453) towards camphor involves cytochrome P450cam (CYP101A1). Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2019 Feb;1863(2):304-312. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.10.018. Epub 2018 Nov 1. [Article]
- Kammoonah S, Prasad B, Balaraman P, Mundhada H, Schwaneberg U, Plettner E: Selecting of a cytochrome P450cam SeSaM library with 3-chloroindole and endosulfan - Identification of mutants that dehalogenate 3-chloroindole. Biochim Biophys Acta Proteins Proteom. 2018 Jan;1866(1):68-79. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.09.006. Epub 2017 Sep 18. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 02, 2023 04:04