Ambroxol
Identification
- Summary
Ambroxol is a medication indicated for airway secretion clearance therapy.
- Generic Name
- Ambroxol
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB06742
- Background
Ambroxol is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Lasolvan or Mucoangin. The substance is a mucoactive drug with several properties including secretolytic and secretomotoric actions that restore the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract which play an important role in the body’s natural defence mechanisms. It stimulates synthesis and release of surfactant by type II pneumocytes. Surfactants acts as an anti-glue factor by reducing the adhesion of mucus to the bronchial wall, in improving its transport and in providing protection against infection and irritating agents.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 378.108
Monoisotopic: 375.978589 - Chemical Formula
- C13H18Br2N2O
- Synonyms
- Ambroxol
- Ambroxolum
- Bisolvon metabolite vIII
- Bromhexine metabolite vIII
- Bromhexine-metabolite vIII
- Cyclohexanol, 4-((2-amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)- (E)-
- N-(2-Amino-3,4-dibromociclohexil)-trans-4-aminociclohexanol
- N-(2-Amino-3,4-dibromocyclohexyl)-trans-4-aminocyclohexanol
- trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobencil)amino)ciclohexanol
- trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amine)cyclohexanol
- trans-4-((2-Amino-3,5-dibromobenzyl)amino)cyclohexanol
- External IDs
- NA-872
Pharmacology
- Indication
Ambroxol is indicated for secretolytic therapy in bronchoplmonary disease with abnormal mucus secretion and transport. It allows the mucus to be more easily cleared and ease a patient's breathing.
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- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Ambroxol is a mucolytic agent. Excessive Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with inflammatory and some other disturbances of airways function. NO enhances the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP accumulation. Ambroxol has been shown to inhibit the NO-dependent activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. It is also possible that the inhibition of NO-dependent activation of soluble guanylate cyclase can suppress the excessive mucus secretion, therefore it lowers the phlegm viscosity and improves the mucociliary transport of bronchial secretions.
- Absorption
Rapid and almost complete.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Approximately 90%
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
7-12 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Ambroxol can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abemaciclib The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Abemaciclib is combined with Ambroxol. Abiraterone The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Abiraterone is combined with Ambroxol. Acetaminophen The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Acetaminophen is combined with Ambroxol. Acetazolamide The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Ambroxol. Acetic acid The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Acetic acid is combined with Ambroxol. Acetyl sulfisoxazole The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Acetyl sulfisoxazole is combined with Ambroxol. Adagrasib The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Adagrasib is combined with Ambroxol. Afatinib The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Afatinib is combined with Ambroxol. Aldesleukin The risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Ambroxol. Identify potential medication risksEasily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.Get severity rating, description, and management advice.Learn more - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Ambroxol hydrochloride CC995ZMV90 23828-92-4 QNVKOSLOVOTXKF-PFWPSKEQSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Ambrolex (GlaxoSmithKline Inc.) / Ambrox (Square) / Tabcin
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image AMCOSOL SYRUP 30MG/5ML Syrup Oral PRIME PHARMACEUTICAL SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia AMCOSOL TABLET 30MG Tablet Oral PRIME PHARMACEUTICAL SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia AMSOLVAN ORAL SOLUTION 30mg/5ml Solution Oral XEPA-SOUL PATTINSON (MALAYSIA) SDN BHD 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia AMTUSS (Syrup ) Syrup 30 mg/5ml Oral MEDISPEC (M) SDN.BHD 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia AMTUSS 30 MG TABLET Tablet 30 mg Oral MEDISPEC (M) SDN.BHD 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia AMXOL SYRUP 30MG/5ML Syrup 30 mg/5ml Oral MEDISPEC (M) SDN.BHD 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia AMXOL TABLETS 30MG Tablet 30 mg Oral MEDISPEC (M) SDN.BHD 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia AXOL LIQUID 3MG/ML Liquid Oral Y.S.P. INDUSTRIES (M) SDN BHD 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia BOOTS AMBROXOL 30 MG Tablet 30 mg บริษัท ไบโอแลป จำกัด จำกัด 2000-12-14 Not applicable Thailand Hovid Desolvon-30 Tablet Tablet Oral Hovid Berhad 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BRONSINEX JARABE Ambroxol hydrochloride (300 mg) + Clenbuterol (0.2 mg) Syrup Oral GONHER FARMACEUTICA LTDA 2009-06-04 Not applicable Colombia MUCOSOLVAN COMPOSITUM JARABE PEDIATRICO. 7.5 MG / 0.005MG / 5ML. Ambroxol hydrochloride (0.15 g) + Clenbuterol hydrochloride (0.1 mg) Syrup Oral PHARMETIQUE S.A. 2006-11-10 2018-02-20 Colombia Mucospas - Saft Ambroxol hydrochloride (7.5 mg/5ml) + Clenbuterol hydrochloride (0.005 mg/5ml) Solution Oral Opella Healthcare Austria Gmb H 1987-03-12 Not applicable Austria Mucospas - Tabletten Ambroxol hydrochloride (30 mg) + Clenbuterol hydrochloride (0.02 mg) Tablet Oral Opella Healthcare Austria Gmb H 1987-03-12 Not applicable Austria MUXOL ® JARABE NIÑOS Ambroxol hydrochloride (0.3 g) + Salbutamol sulfate (0.04 g) Syrup Oral C.I. FARMACAPSULAS S.A.S - PLANTA NO. 2 2007-10-13 Not applicable Colombia RESPHIR® JARABE Ambroxol hydrochloride (300 mg) + Salbutamol sulfate (40 mg) Syrup Oral COLOMPACK S.A. 2007-10-25 Not applicable Colombia TOS-XOL ® JARABE Ambroxol hydrochloride (0.3 g) + Salbutamol sulfate (0.04 g) Syrup Oral LABORATORIOS LEGRAND S.A. 2011-07-22 2018-08-30 Colombia TRIATUSIC® JARABE Ambroxol hydrochloride (250 mg) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (300 mg) + Theophylline (1300 mg) Syrup Oral GONHER FARMACEUTICA LTDA PLANTA DE PRODUCCIÓN II 2009-05-13 Not applicable Colombia
Categories
- ATC Codes
- R02AD05 — AmbroxolR03CC63 — Clenbuterol and ambroxol
- R03CC — Selective beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists
- R03C — ADRENERGICS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- R03 — DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergics for Systemic Use
- Amines
- Anesthetics
- Anesthetics, Local
- Aniline Compounds
- Cough and Cold Preparations
- Cyclohexanes
- Cyclohexylamines
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases
- Expectorants
- Respiratory System Agents
- Selective Beta 2-adrenergic Agonists
- Throat Preparations
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylmethylamines. These are compounds containing a phenylmethtylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted by an methanamine.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Phenylmethylamines
- Direct Parent
- Phenylmethylamines
- Alternative Parents
- Benzylamines / 2-bromoanilines / Cyclohexylamines / Cyclohexanols / Bromobenzenes / Aralkylamines / Aryl bromides / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives / Dialkylamines / Primary amines show 3 more
- Substituents
- 2-bromoaniline / Alcohol / Amine / Aniline or substituted anilines / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Aryl bromide / Aryl halide / Benzylamine / Bromobenzene show 17 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 200168S0CL
- CAS number
- 18683-91-5
- InChI Key
- JBDGDEWWOUBZPM-XYPYZODXSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C13H18Br2N2O/c14-9-5-8(13(16)12(15)6-9)7-17-10-1-3-11(18)4-2-10/h5-6,10-11,17-18H,1-4,7,16H2/t10-,11-
- IUPAC Name
- (1r,4r)-4-{[(2-amino-3,5-dibromophenyl)methyl]amino}cyclohexan-1-ol
- SMILES
- NC1=C(Br)C=C(Br)C=C1CN[C@H]1CC[C@H](O)CC1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Kack, J., Koss, F.W., Schraven, E. and Beisenherz, G.; US. Patent 3,536,713; October 27, 1970; assigned to Boehringer lngelheim G.m.b.H.
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 2132
- PubChem Substance
- 347827790
- ChemSpider
- 10276826
- BindingDB
- 50395322
- 625
- ChEBI
- 135590
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL153479
- ZINC
- ZINC000100070274
- Wikipedia
- Ambroxol
- MSDS
- Download (47.4 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Recruiting Treatment Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) / Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Critically Ill Patients / Nosocomial Pneumonia / Severe Pneumonia 1 3 Completed Treatment Abnormal Mucus Secretions / Respiratory Tract Diseases 1 3 Completed Treatment Pharyngitis 4 3 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Parkinson's Disease (PD) 1 2 Active Not Recruiting Treatment GBA Gene Mutation / Parkinson's Disease (PD) 1 2 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Parkinsons Disease With Dementia (PDD) 1 2 Completed Basic Science Cough 1 2 Completed Prevention Parkinson's Disease (PD) 1 2 Completed Treatment Gaucher Disease, Type 1 1 2 Completed Treatment Pain / Pharyngitis 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Parenteral 15 mg/2ml Solution Oral Tablet Oral Solution Capsule Oral Tablet, soluble Oral Solution Oral 7.5 MG/ML Solution Oral 15 MG/ML Syrup Oral 300 mg Solution Oral 0.3 g Solution Oral 15 MG/5ML Tablet, for solution; tablet, for suspension Oral 30 MG Tablet, effervescent Oral 60 MG Syrup Oral 600 g Solution Oral; Respiratory (inhalation) 7.5 mg/ml Solution Oral 3 mg/ml Elixir Oral 30 MG/5ML Syrup Oral 0.6 g Syrup Oral 600 mg Tablet Oral 60 MG Syrup Oral 0.3 g Granule, for suspension Oral Spray 7.5 MG/ML Tablet, extended release Oral Solution Oral 0.6 g Solution Oral 300.0000 mg Solution Intramuscular 15.000 mg Suspension Oral Suspension Tablet Oral 30.000 mg Syrup Oral Solution / drops; suspension / drops 7.5 MG/ML Granule, for solution Oral 30 mg Granule, for solution Oral 65 mg Granule, for suspension Oral 30 MG Solution Oral 0.75 % Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 15 MG/2ML Spray 15 MG/2ML Suppository Rectal 30 mg Tablet, effervescent Oral 30 MG Granule Oral Tablet Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 7.5 MG/ML Syrup Oral 3 MG/ML Syrup Oral 30 MG/10ML Capsule Oral Tablet 31 MG Tablet Buccal 20.000 mg Spray Oral Lozenge Oral Lozenge Oral 20 MG Tablet Oral 30 mg Liquid Oral Solution Intravenous 15 mg/2ml Granule, for solution Oral Solution Parenteral 15.00 mg Solution Respiratory (inhalation) Spray Suppository Rectal Syrup Oral 200 ML Tablet, chewable Oral Tablet, coated Oral Tablet, effervescent Oral Tablet Oral 20 mg Pastille Oral Capsule Oral 75 mg Capsule, delayed release Oral 75 mg Syrup Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 60 MG Granule Oral 2 g Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 15 MG Liquid Oral 30 mg/5mL Pastille Oral 15 MG Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 0.75 g Solution Oral 30 MG/2ML Capsule, extended release Oral Tablet, chewable Oral 15 mg Tablet Oral Solution Oral 0.750 g Solution / drops; suspension / drops Syrup Oral 150 ml Solution Oral 300.00 mg Solution Oral Solution Oral 300.000 mg Solution Oral 300 mg Solution Oral 7.5 mg Granule, for solution Oral 15 MG Granule, for solution Oral 60 MG Spray Respiratory (inhalation) 15 MG/2ML Spray Respiratory (inhalation) 30 MG/4ML Syrup Oral 15 mg/mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Elixir Oral 15 mg/5ml Solution Intravenous 1 G/50ML Suspension Oral 300 mg Solution Oral 0.3000 g Syrup Syrup Oral 0.3 g Solution Oral 750.000 mg Capsule Oral 30.000 mg Suspension Oral 0.2700 g Solution Oral 0.300 g Granule, effervescent Solution 300.000 mg Solution Oral 6 MG/ML Tablet Transmucosal Syrup Oral 15 mg/5mL Syrup Oral 30 mg/5mL Capsule, extended release Oral 75 mg Lozenge Oral 15 mg Tablet 30 mg Tablet, coated Oral 30 mg Solution Oral 30 mg/5ml - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 233-234.5 Kack, J., Koss, F.W., Schraven, E. and Beisenherz, G.; US. Patent 3,536,713; October 27, 1970; assigned to Boehringer lngelheim G.m.b.H. - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0185 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.72 ALOGPS logP 2.65 Chemaxon logS -4.3 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.26 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.01 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 58.28 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 81.94 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 32.8 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Ishiguro N, Senda C, Kishimoto W, Sakai K, Funae Y, Igarashi T: Identification of CYP3A4 as the predominant isoform responsible for the metabolism of ambroxol in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2000 Jan;30(1):71-80. [Article]
Drug created at September 01, 2010 19:05 / Updated at November 03, 2023 23:48