Sodium sulfate

Identification

Summary

Sodium sulfate is an agent used for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or barium enema X-ray examination.

Brand Names

Bi-peglyte, Colyte, Gavilyte-C, Gavilyte-G, Golytely, Moviprep, Peglyte, Plenvu, Suflave, Suprep Bowel Prep Kit

Generic Name

Sodium sulfate

DrugBank Accession Number

DB09472

Background

Sodium Sulfate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of sulfuric acid. Sodium sulfate anhydrous disassociates in water to provide sodium ions and sulfate ions. Sodium ion is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in the therapy of fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Sodium sulfate anhydrous is an electrolyte replenisher and is used in isosmotic solutions so that administration does not disturb normal electrolyte balance and does not lead to absorption or excretion of water and ions.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Vet approved

Structure

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MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI

Similar Structures

Structure for Sodium sulfate (DB09472)

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Weight

Average: 142.042
Monoisotopic: 141.931268528

Chemical Formula

Na₂O₄S

Synonyms

• Anhydrous sodium sulfate
• Sodium sulfate anhydrous
• Sodium sulfate, anhydrous
• Sodium sulphate anhydrous
• Sodium sulphate, anhydrous
• Sulfuric acid disodium salt, anhydrous

Pharmacology

Indication

indicated for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy or barium enema X-ray examination.

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Associated Therapies

• Bowel preparation therapy

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Induces catharsis by the osmotic effects of the unabsorbed sulfate salts and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the GI tract. Specifically, sulfate salts provide sulfate anions, which are poorly absorbed, and PEG, which is primarily unabsorbed, causes water to be retained in the GI tract resulting in watery diarrhea.

Mechanism of action

MoviPrep produces a watery stool leading to cleansing of the colon. The osmotic activity of polyethylene glycol 3350, sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium ascorbate, and ascorbic acid, when taken with 1 liter of additional clear fluid, usually results in no net absorption or excretion of ions or water.

Target	Actions	Organism
ACarbonic anhydrase 2	inhibitor	Humans
ACarbonic anhydrase 1	inhibitor	Humans

Absorption

Absorption of sodium sulfate after ingestion in rats was investigated. 35)S-Radioactivity excreted in urine during 24 hr indicated almost complete absorption from GI tract. Determination in serum 2 hr after admin revealed 3-fold increase in sulfate concentration rapid and almost complete absorption of inorganic sulfate occurs after oral admin in rats.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Rectal effluent if unabsorbed sulfates ; urine (predominant route for absorbed sulfates )

Half-life

Serum sulfate: 8.5 hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Mouse LD50 (Oral): 5989mg/kg Mouse LDLo (Intravenous): 1220mg/kg Rabbit LD50 (Intravenous):1220mg/kg

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

• Approved
• Vet approved
• Nutraceutical
• Illicit
• Withdrawn
• Investigational
• Experimental
• All Drugs

Drug	Interaction
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Abacavir	Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Aceclofenac	Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Acemetacin	Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetaminophen	Acetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Acetazolamide	The risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Sodium sulfate.
Acetylsalicylic acid	Acetylsalicylic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Aclidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Sodium sulfate can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Acrivastine	Sodium sulfate may decrease the excretion rate of Acrivastine which could result in a higher serum level.
Acyclovir	Acyclovir may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.
Adefovir dipivoxil	Adefovir dipivoxil may decrease the excretion rate of Sodium sulfate which could result in a higher serum level.

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Food Interactions

No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Sodium sulfate decahydrate	0YPR65R21J	7727-73-3	RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Sodium cation	ionic	LYR4M0NH37	17341-25-2	FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Sulfate ion	ionic	7IS9N8KPMG	14808-79-8	QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Bqcell Revirgin Gung	Tablet	0.235 g/1	Enteral; Vaginal	Dermabqcell Co., Ltd.	2022-04-09	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Bi-peglyte	Sodium sulfate (5.74 g / sachet) + Bisacodyl (5 mg / tab) + Polyethylene glycol (59.55 g / sachet) + Potassium chloride (0.76 g / sachet) + Sodium bicarbonate (1.69 g / sachet) + Sodium chloride (1.46 g / sachet)	Kit; Powder, for solution; Tablet, delayed release	Oral	Pendopharm Division Of Pharmascience Inc	2010-06-06	Not applicable
Clenz-Lyte	Sodium sulfate (22.74 g/4L) + Polyethylene glycol (236 g/4L) + Potassium chloride (2.97 g/4L) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.74 g/4L) + Sodium chloride (5.86 g/4L)	Powder, for solution	Nasogastric; Oral	Paddock Laboratories, Inc.	2010-06-07	2010-06-07
ColPrep Kit	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (17.5 g/22.7g) + Magnesium sulfate (1.6 g/22.7g) + Potassium sulfate (3.13 g/22.7g)	Powder, for solution	Oral	KVK-Tech, Inc.	2016-12-27	2019-01-24
Colyte	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (21.5 g/3.785L) + Polyethylene glycol (227.1 g/3.785L) + Potassium chloride (2.82 g/3.785L) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.36 g/3.785L) + Sodium chloride (5.53 g/3.785L)	Powder, for solution	Nasogastric; Oral	Alaven Pharmaceutical	2010-09-01	2016-05-31
Colyte	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (22.72 g/4L) + Polyethylene glycol (240 g/4L) + Potassium chloride (2.98 g/4L) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.72 g/4L) + Sodium chloride (5.84 g/4L)	Powder, for solution	Nasogastric	MEDA Pharmaceuticals	2014-08-05	2021-09-30
Colyte	Sodium sulfate (81.2 mg / g) + Polyethylene glycol (857.69 mg / g) + Potassium chloride (10.65 mg / g) + Sodium bicarbonate (24.02 mg / g) + Sodium chloride (20.87 mg / g)	Powder, for solution	Nasogastric; Oral	Pendopharm Division Of Pharmascience Inc	1986-12-31	Not applicable
Colyte with flavor packs	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (22.72 g/4L) + Polyethylene glycol (240 g/4L) + Potassium chloride (2.98 g/4L) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.72 g/4L) + Sodium chloride (5.84 g/4L)	Powder, for solution	Nasogastric; Oral	Alaven Pharmaceutical	1999-04-07	2016-08-31
Eau Purgative Riga	Sodium sulfate (1.056 g / 30 mL) + Magnesium sulfate (2.4 g / 30 mL)	Liquid	Oral	Glendale Agencies	1978-12-31	1996-11-29
Electropeg Solution	Sodium sulfate (22.7 g / 277 g) + Polyethylene glycol (238.8 g / 277 g) + Potassium chloride (3 g / 277 g) + Sodium bicarbonate (6.7 g / 277 g) + Sodium chloride (5.8 g / 277 g)	Powder	Oral	Technilab Pharma Inc.	1998-04-20	1999-09-27
FORTRANS	Sodium sulfate (5.7 g/73.69g) + Polyethylene glycol (64 g/73.69g) + Potassium chloride (0.75 g/73.69g) + Saccharin sodium (0.1 g/73.69g) + Sodium bicarbonate (1.68 g/73.69g) + Sodium chloride (1.46 g/73.69g)	Powder, for solution	Oral	EP PLUS GROUP SDN. BHD.	2020-09-08	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Bqcell Revirgin Gung	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (0.235 g/1)	Tablet	Enteral; Vaginal	Dermabqcell Co., Ltd.	2022-04-09	Not applicable
Sodium polysulthionate and folic acid	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (8 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Octasulfur (388 mg/1) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (1.8 mg/1)	Capsule	Oral	Solubiomix	2016-08-24	2017-10-16
Sodium polysulthionate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (2 g/100g) + Levomefolic acid (.125 g/100g) + Octasulfur (97 g/100g) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (.45 g/100g)	Powder	Oral; Topical	Solubiomix	2015-07-21	2016-01-12
Sodium Polysulthionate, 5-mthf	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (8 mg/1) + 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (.5 mg/1) + Octasulfur (388 mg/1) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (1.8 mg/1)	Capsule	Oral	Solubiomix	2016-01-09	2016-01-12
Xizflus	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (8 mg/1) + 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (.5 mg/1) + Octasulfur (388 mg/1) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (1.8 mg/1)	Capsule	Oral	Basiem	2016-01-09	2016-01-12
Xizflus	Sodium sulfate decahydrate (2 g/100g) + 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (.125 g/100g) + Octasulfur (97 g/100g) + Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate (.45 g/100g)	Powder	Oral; Topical	Basiem	2015-07-14	2016-01-12

Categories

ATC Codes

A06AD13 — Sodium sulfate

• A06AD — Osmotically acting laxatives
• A06A — DRUGS FOR CONSTIPATION
• A06 — DRUGS FOR CONSTIPATION
• A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

A12CA02 — Sodium sulfate

• A12CA — Sodium
• A12C — OTHER MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
• A12 — MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS
• A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM

Drug Categories

• Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
• Anions
• Drugs for Constipation
• Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
• Electrolytes
• Gastrointestinal Agents
• Ions
• Laxatives
• Mineral Supplements
• Osmotic Laxatives
• Sodium
• Sulfur Acids
• Sulfur Compounds
• Sulfuric Acids

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description

This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal sulfates. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is sulfate, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is an alkali metal.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Mixed metal/non-metal compounds

Class

Alkali metal oxoanionic compounds

Sub Class

Alkali metal sulfates

Direct Parent

Alkali metal sulfates

Alternative Parents

Inorganic sodium salts / Inorganic oxides

Substituents

Alkali metal sulfate / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic salt / Inorganic sodium salt

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

inorganic sodium salt (CHEBI:32149)

Affected organisms

Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII

36KCS0R750

CAS number

7757-82-6

InChI Key

PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L

InChI

InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2

IUPAC Name

disodium sulfate

SMILES

[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

References

General References

1. Morris ME, Levy G: Serum concentration and renal excretion by normal adults of inorganic sulfate after acetaminophen, ascorbic acid, or sodium sulfate. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1983 Apr;33(4):529-36. [Article]
2. Cocchetto DM, Levy G: Absorption of orally administered sodium sulfate in humans. J Pharm Sci. 1981 Mar;70(3):331-3. [Article]
3. Pubchem [Link]
4. DRUGS.COM [Link]
5. DAILYMED [Link]
6. ChemIDplus [Link]
7. inChem [Link]

External Links

KEGG Drug

D01732

KEGG Compound

C13199

PubChem Compound

24436

PubChem Substance

347827857

ChemSpider

22844

BindingDB

50101993

RxNav

1299926

ChEBI

32149

ChEMBL

CHEMBL233406

Wikipedia

Sodium_sulfate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Active Not Recruiting	Health Services Research	Colorectal Cancer	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Colonoscopy	1
4	Completed	Basic Science	Functional Constipation (FC) / Irritable Bowel Syndrome Characterized by Constipation	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Colon Adenomas / Colon Lesions / Colon Polyps	1
4	Completed	Screening	Colonoscopy	1
4	Completed	Screening	Colorectal Cancer	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Colorectal Cancer	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy	2
4	Completed	Treatment	Bowel preparation therapy / Colonoscopy / Endoscopy	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Colon Cancer	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Kit; powder, for solution; tablet, delayed release	Oral
Powder, for solution	Oral	1.685 g
Tablet	Enteral; Vaginal	0.235 g/1
Powder, for solution	Nasogastric
Liquid	Oral
Granule, for solution	Oral	64 g
Powder, for solution	Nasogastric; Oral
Solution	Oral	1.6 g
Kit	Oral
Kit; solution	Oral
Tablet, effervescent	Oral
Powder	Oral	238.33 g
Kit; powder, for solution	Oral
Powder, for solution	Oral
Solution	Oral
Powder	Oral
Solution, concentrate	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Granule, effervescent	Oral	2.86 g
Capsule	Oral
Powder	Oral; Topical

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Patent Number	Pediatric Extension	Approved	Expires (estimated)	Region
US7169381	No	2007-01-30	2024-09-01
US7658914	No	2010-02-09	2024-09-01
US6946149	No	2005-09-20	2023-03-07
US9326969	No	2016-05-03	2033-09-10
US9592252	No	2017-03-14	2032-08-11
US9707297	No	2017-07-18	2033-09-10
US8999313	No	2015-04-07	2033-09-10
US10016504	No	2018-07-10	2033-09-10
US10646512	No	2020-05-12	2032-03-25
US10792306	No	2020-10-06	2032-03-09
US10780112	No	2020-09-22	2032-03-09
US10143656	No	2018-12-04	2037-08-04
US10918723	No	2021-02-16	2033-09-10
US11033498	No	2021-06-15	2037-08-04
US11382864	No	2017-08-04	2037-08-04
US11529368	No	2012-03-09	2032-03-09
US11638697	No	2017-08-04	2037-08-04

Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.84	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	-3	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	-2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	80.26 Å2	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	Chemaxon
Refractivity	11.53 m3·mol-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	5.81 Å3	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS	Predicted GC-MS	Not Available

Targets

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Details1. Carbonic anhydrase 2

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function

Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion in...

Gene Name

CA2

Uniprot ID

P00918

Uniprot Name

Carbonic anhydrase 2

Molecular Weight

29245.895 Da

References

1. UniProt [Link]
2. ChEMBL [Link]

Details2. Carbonic anhydrase 1

Kind

Protein

Organism

Humans

Pharmacological action

Yes

Actions

Inhibitor

General Function

Zinc ion binding

Specific Function

Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrates cyanamide to urea.

Gene Name

CA1

Uniprot ID

P00915

Uniprot Name

Carbonic anhydrase 1

Molecular Weight

28870.0 Da

References

1. UniProt [Link]
2. ChEMBL [Link]
3. KEGG [Link]

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Drug created at November 30, 2015 19:10 / Updated at January 09, 2021 18:41