Tucatinib
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Identification
- Summary
Tucatinib is a kinase inhibitor used to treat certain types of unresectable/metastatic HER-2 positive breast cancer.
- Brand Names
- Tukysa
- Generic Name
- Tucatinib
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11652
- Background
Tucatinib is a kinase inhibitor drug used with trastuzumab and capecitabine in the treatment of unresectable or metastatic HER-2 positive breast cancer. It was developed by Seattle Genetics and approved by the FDA on April 17, 2020.8 Tucatinib is a promising new treatment for patients with metastatic breast cancer who have not responded adequately to other chemotherapy regimens.7
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 480.532
Monoisotopic: 480.202222045 - Chemical Formula
- C26H24N8O2
- Synonyms
- Tucatinib
- External IDs
- ARRY 380
- ARRY-380
- MK-7119
- ONT 380
- ONT-380
Pharmacology
- Indication
Tucatinib is indicated with trastuzumab and capecitabine for the treatment of adults diagnosed with advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. This includes patients with brain metastases and those who have received one or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting.7
It is also indicated in combination with trastuzumab for the treatment of adult patients with RAS wild-type HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic colorectal cancer that has progressed following treatment with fluoropyrimidine-, oxaliplatin-, and irinotecan-based chemotherapy. This indication is approved under accelerated approval; thus, it is contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.9
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Breast cancer Regimen in combination with: Trastuzumab (DB00072), Capecitabine (DB01101) •••••••••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Unresectable breast cancer Regimen in combination with: Capecitabine (DB01101), Trastuzumab (DB00072) •••••••••••• ••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Wild-type ras metastatic colorectal cancer Regimen in combination with: Trastuzumab (DB00072) •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••• ••• •••••••••• •••••• Used in combination to treat Unresectable ras wild type colorectal cancer Regimen in combination with: Trastuzumab (DB00072) •••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••••• ••••• ••••••••• •••• ••••••••••••••••• ••••••••••• ••• •••••••••• •••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
By inhibiting tyrosine kinase, tucatinib exerts anti-tumor activity, reducing the size of HER-2 positive breast cancer tumors. In clinical trials, the regimen of tucatinib and trastuzumab showed enhanced activity both in vitro and in vivo when compared to either drug administered by itself.7
- Mechanism of action
Mutations in the HER-2 gene are observed in some types of breast carcinoma. Tucatinib inhibits the tyrosine kinase enzyme of the HER-2 gene.1 Mutations of tyrosine kinase in the HER-2 gene lead to cascade effects of increased cell signaling and proliferation, resulting in malignancy.6 Results of in vitro studies show that tucatinib inhibits the phosphorylation of both HER-2 and HER-3, leading to downstream changes in MAPK and AKT signaling and cell proliferation. Anti-tumor activity occured in the cells that expressed HER-2. In vivo, tucatinib has been shown to inhibit HER-2 expressing tumors, likely by the same mechanism.1,7
Target Actions Organism AReceptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 inhibitorHumans UReceptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
The Tmax for tucatinib ranges from 1 to 4 hours.7 One pharmacokinetic study revealed a Cmax of 1120 ng/mL after a dose of 350 mg twice daily with a Tmax ranging from 1 to 3 hours. The AUCtau was reported to be about 7120 hours×ng/mL.2
- Volume of distribution
The volume of distribution of tucatinib is about 1670 L.7 This drug penetrates the blood-brain barrier.5
- Protein binding
Tucatinib is about 97% bound to plasma proteins.7
- Metabolism
Tucatinib is metabolized by CYP2C8 with some contributions from CYP3A.7
- Route of elimination
In a study of radiolabled tucatinib, about 86% of the total dose was excreted in the feces and 4.1% was found in the urine. About 16% of the tucatinib dose recovered in the feces was identified as unchanged tucatinib.7
- Half-life
A pharmacokinetic study revealed a half-life of approximately 5.38 hours.4 Prescribing information mentions a geometric mean half-life of about 8.21 hours.7
- Clearance
The apparent clearance is 148 L/h.7
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
LD50 information and overdose information for tucatinib are not readily available in the literature. In the case of an overdose with this drug, increased adverse effects, such as diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting fatigue, hepatotoxicity, vomiting, decreased appetite, anemia, headache, and rash are expected.3,7
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The metabolism of Tucatinib can be decreased when combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abatacept The metabolism of Tucatinib can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Tucatinib can be decreased when combined with Abemaciclib. Abiraterone The metabolism of Tucatinib can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone. Abrocitinib The serum concentration of Tucatinib can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. There is no meaningful clinical effect of food on this drug.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Tukysa Tablet 150 mg Oral Seagen Inc. 2020-08-27 Not applicable Canada Tukysa Tablet 50 mg/1 Oral Seagen Inc. 2020-04-17 Not applicable US Tukysa Tablet, film coated 150 mg Oral Pfizer Europe Ma Eeig 2021-03-03 Not applicable EU Tukysa Tablet 50 mg Oral Seagen Inc. 2020-10-08 Not applicable Canada Tukysa Tablet, film coated 50 mg Oral Pfizer Europe Ma Eeig 2021-03-03 Not applicable EU
Categories
- ATC Codes
- L01EH03 — Tucatinib
- Drug Categories
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) tyrosine kinase inhibitors
- Kinase Inhibitor
- MATE 1 Inhibitors
- MATE 2 Inhibitors
- MATE inhibitors
- OCT2 Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as quinazolinamines. These are heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing a quianazoline moiety substituted by one or more amine groups.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Diazanaphthalenes
- Sub Class
- Benzodiazines
- Direct Parent
- Quinazolinamines
- Alternative Parents
- Diarylethers / Triazolopyridines / Aniline and substituted anilines / Phenoxy compounds / Phenol ethers / Aminopyrimidines and derivatives / Toluenes / Pyridines and derivatives / Imidolactams / Triazoles show 8 more
- Substituents
- 1,2,4-triazole / Amine / Aminopyrimidine / Aniline or substituted anilines / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid / Diaryl ether / Ether show 21 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 234248D0HH
- CAS number
- 937263-43-9
- InChI Key
- SDEAXTCZPQIFQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C26H24N8O2/c1-16-10-17(5-7-22(16)36-19-8-9-34-23(12-19)28-15-30-34)31-24-20-11-18(4-6-21(20)27-14-29-24)32-25-33-26(2,3)13-35-25/h4-12,14-15H,13H2,1-3H3,(H,32,33)(H,27,29,31)
- IUPAC Name
- N6-(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-N4-(3-methyl-4-{[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-7-yloxy}phenyl)quinazoline-4,6-diamine
- SMILES
- CC1=CC(NC2=NC=NC3=CC=C(NC4=NC(C)(C)CO4)C=C23)=CC=C1OC1=CC2=NC=NN2C=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Philip Kocienski. Synthesis of Tucatinib.Synthesis of Natural Products and Potential Drugs 2019. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart DOI 10.1055/s-0039-1690496
- General References
- Kulukian A, Lee P, Taylor J, Rosler R, de Vries P, Watson D, Forero-Torres A, Peterson S: Preclinical Activity of HER2-Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Tucatinib as a Single Agent or in Combination with Trastuzumab or Docetaxel in Solid Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 Apr;19(4):976-987. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-19-0873. [Article]
- Borges VF, Ferrario C, Aucoin N, Falkson C, Khan Q, Krop I, Welch S, Conlin A, Chaves J, Bedard PL, Chamberlain M, Gray T, Vo A, Hamilton E: Tucatinib Combined With Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine in Advanced ERBB2/HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Phase 1b Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Sep 1;4(9):1214-1220. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1812. [Article]
- Murthy R, Borges VF, Conlin A, Chaves J, Chamberlain M, Gray T, Vo A, Hamilton E: Tucatinib with capecitabine and trastuzumab in advanced HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer with and without brain metastases: a non-randomised, open-label, phase 1b study. Lancet Oncol. 2018 Jul;19(7):880-888. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30256-0. Epub 2018 May 24. [Article]
- Moulder SL, Borges VF, Baetz T, Mcspadden T, Fernetich G, Murthy RK, Chavira R, Guthrie K, Barrett E, Chia SK: Phase I Study of ONT-380, a HER2 Inhibitor, in Patients with HER2(+)-Advanced Solid Tumors, with an Expansion Cohort in HER2(+) Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC). Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jul 15;23(14):3529-3536. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1496. Epub 2017 Jan 4. [Article]
- Duchnowska R, Loibl S, Jassem J: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for brain metastases in HER2-positive breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2018 Jun;67:71-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 May 9. [Article]
- Paul MK, Mukhopadhyay AK: Tyrosine kinase - Role and significance in Cancer. Int J Med Sci. 2004;1(2):101-115. doi: 10.7150/ijms.1.101. Epub 2004 Jun 1. [Article]
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
- FDA News Release: FDA Approves First New Drug Under International Collaboration, A Treatment Option for Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: TUKYSA (tucatinib) tablets, for oral use (January 2023) [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0304868
- PubChem Compound
- 51039094
- PubChem Substance
- 347828023
- ChemSpider
- 34995558
- BindingDB
- 471617
- 2361285
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL3989868
- ZINC
- ZINC000068250462
- Wikipedia
- Tucatinib
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 150 mg Tablet Oral 150 mg/1 Tablet Oral 50 mg Tablet Oral 50 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 150 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 50 mg Tablet Oral 50.00 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US7452895 No 2008-11-18 2024-11-16 US US9457093 No 2016-10-04 2032-10-12 US US9693989 No 2017-07-04 2027-05-09 US US8648087 No 2014-02-11 2031-04-12 US US11504370 No 2013-03-25 2033-03-25 US US11207324 No 2021-12-28 2038-04-27 US US11666572 No 2018-04-27 2038-04-27 US US12048698 No 2018-04-27 2038-04-27 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 230 https://sss.hovione.com/SDSSearch/SSS.aspx?Id=1893 logP 3.62 https://www.chemsrc.com/en/cas/937263-43-9_731232.html - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.004 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.87 ALOGPS logP 5.25 Chemaxon logS -5.1 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 17.08 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 4.57 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 8 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 110.85 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 Chemaxon Refractivity 148.37 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 50.76 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 6 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-001i-0000900000-1a20fc28bae9abe2625f Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-056s-0000900000-7fe43c33337425342819 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-001i-0006900000-03228ae2e5e9cafa2d8a Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-0a6s-0000900000-ccfe6eabab7f8ee54898 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-05o3-0143900000-517bad3ec5e2bd178ff7 Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS splash10-001i-3905600000-09acca294b1e78c233b2 Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 205.5673 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 207.96288 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 213.87541 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- ERBB2
- Uniprot ID
- P04626
- Uniprot Name
- Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2
- Molecular Weight
- 137909.27 Da
References
- Kulukian A, Lee P, Taylor J, Rosler R, de Vries P, Watson D, Forero-Torres A, Peterson S: Preclinical Activity of HER2-Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Tucatinib as a Single Agent or in Combination with Trastuzumab or Docetaxel in Solid Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther. 2020 Apr;19(4):976-987. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-19-0873. [Article]
- Borges VF, Ferrario C, Aucoin N, Falkson C, Khan Q, Krop I, Welch S, Conlin A, Chaves J, Bedard PL, Chamberlain M, Gray T, Vo A, Hamilton E: Tucatinib Combined With Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine in Advanced ERBB2/HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Phase 1b Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Sep 1;4(9):1214-1220. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1812. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an essential role as cell surface receptor for neuregulins. Binds to neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and is activated by it; ligand-binding increases phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and promotes its association with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PubMed:20682778). May also be activated by CSPG5 (PubMed:15358134). Involved in the regulation of myeloid cell differentiation (PubMed:27416908)
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- ERBB3
- Uniprot ID
- P21860
- Uniprot Name
- Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3
- Molecular Weight
- 148097.055 Da
References
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Primarily catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid toward its 4-hydroxylated form (PubMed:11093772). Displays 16-alpha hydroxylase activity toward estrogen steroid hormones, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) (PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) (PubMed:26427316)
- Specific Function
- arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
Components:
Name | UniProt ID |
---|---|
Cytochrome P450 3A4 | P08684 |
Cytochrome P450 3A43 | Q9HB55 |
Cytochrome P450 3A5 | P20815 |
Cytochrome P450 3A7 | P24462 |
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and CLASP2, allowing its association with the cell membrane. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- ERBB2
- Uniprot ID
- P04626
- Uniprot Name
- Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2
- Molecular Weight
- 137909.27 Da
References
- Moulder SL, Borges VF, Baetz T, Mcspadden T, Fernetich G, Murthy RK, Chavira R, Guthrie K, Barrett E, Chia SK: Phase I Study of ONT-380, a HER2 Inhibitor, in Patients with HER2(+)-Advanced Solid Tumors, with an Expansion Cohort in HER2(+) Metastatic Breast Cancer (MBC). Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jul 15;23(14):3529-3536. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1496. Epub 2017 Jan 4. [Article]
- Borges VF, Ferrario C, Aucoin N, Falkson C, Khan Q, Krop I, Welch S, Conlin A, Chaves J, Bedard PL, Chamberlain M, Gray T, Vo A, Hamilton E: Tucatinib Combined With Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine in Advanced ERBB2/HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Phase 1b Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2018 Sep 1;4(9):1214-1220. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1812. [Article]
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Broad substrate specificity ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that actively extrudes a wide variety of physiological compounds, dietary toxins and xenobiotics from cells (PubMed:11306452, PubMed:12958161, PubMed:19506252, PubMed:20705604, PubMed:28554189, PubMed:30405239, PubMed:31003562). Involved in porphyrin homeostasis, mediating the export of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) from both mitochondria to cytosol and cytosol to extracellular space, it also functions in the cellular export of heme (PubMed:20705604, PubMed:23189181). Also mediates the efflux of sphingosine-1-P from cells (PubMed:20110355). Acts as a urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion (PubMed:19506252, PubMed:20368174, PubMed:22132962, PubMed:31003562, PubMed:36749388). In kidney, it also functions as a physiological exporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (By similarity). Also involved in the excretion of steroids like estrone 3-sulfate/E1S, 3beta-sulfooxy-androst-5-en-17-one/DHEAS, and other sulfate conjugates (PubMed:12682043, PubMed:28554189, PubMed:30405239). Mediates the secretion of the riboflavin and biotin vitamins into milk (By similarity). Extrudes pheophorbide a, a phototoxic porphyrin catabolite of chlorophyll, reducing its bioavailability (By similarity). Plays an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain (Probable). It confers to cells a resistance to multiple drugs and other xenobiotics including mitoxantrone, pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine, and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin, through the control of their efflux (PubMed:11306452, PubMed:12477054, PubMed:15670731, PubMed:18056989, PubMed:31254042). In placenta, it limits the penetration of drugs from the maternal plasma into the fetus (By similarity). May play a role in early stem cell self-renewal by blocking differentiation (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Electrogenic voltage-dependent transporter that mediates the transport of a variety of organic cations such as endogenous bioactive amines, cationic drugs and xenobiotics (PubMed:9260930, PubMed:9687576). Functions as a Na(+)-independent, bidirectional uniporter (PubMed:21128598, PubMed:9687576). Cation cellular uptake or release is driven by the electrochemical potential, i.e. membrane potential and concentration gradient (PubMed:15212162, PubMed:9260930, PubMed:9687576). However, may also engage electroneutral cation exchange when saturating concentrations of cation substrates are reached (By similarity). Predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and proximal tubules and involved in the uptake and disposition of cationic compounds by hepatic and renal clearance from the blood flow (PubMed:15783073). Implicated in monoamine neurotransmitters uptake such as histamine, dopamine, adrenaline/epinephrine, noradrenaline/norepinephrine, serotonin and tyramine, thereby supporting a physiological role in the central nervous system by regulating interstitial concentrations of neurotransmitters (PubMed:16581093, PubMed:17460754, PubMed:9687576). Also capable of transporting dopaminergic neuromodulators cyclo(his-pro), salsolinol and N-methyl-salsolinol, thereby involved in the maintenance of dopaminergic cell integrity in the central nervous system (PubMed:17460754). Mediates the bidirectional transport of acetylcholine (ACh) at the apical membrane of ciliated cell in airway epithelium, thereby playing a role in luminal release of ACh from bronchial epithelium (PubMed:15817714). Also transports guanidine and endogenous monoamines such as vitamin B1/thiamine, creatinine and N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) (PubMed:12089365, PubMed:15212162, PubMed:17072098, PubMed:24961373, PubMed:9260930). Mediates the uptake and efflux of quaternary ammonium compound choline (PubMed:9260930). Mediates the bidirectional transport of polyamine agmatine and the uptake of polyamines putrescine and spermidine (PubMed:12538837, PubMed:21128598). Able to transport non-amine endogenous compounds such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) (PubMed:11907186). Also involved in the uptake of xenobiotic 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP) (PubMed:12395288, PubMed:16394027). May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
- Specific Function
- acetylcholine transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A2
- Uniprot ID
- O15244
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62579.99 Da
References
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Multidrug efflux pump that functions as a H(+)/organic cation antiporter (PubMed:16330770, PubMed:17509534). Plays a physiological role in the excretion of cationic compounds including endogenous metabolites, drugs, toxins through the kidney and liver, into urine and bile respectively (PubMed:16330770, PubMed:17495125, PubMed:17509534, PubMed:17582384, PubMed:18305230, PubMed:19158817, PubMed:21128598, PubMed:24961373). Mediates the efflux of endogenous compounds such as creatinine, vitamin B1/thiamine, agmatine and estrone-3-sulfate (PubMed:16330770, PubMed:17495125, PubMed:17509534, PubMed:17582384, PubMed:18305230, PubMed:19158817, PubMed:21128598, PubMed:24961373). May also contribute to regulate the transport of cationic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
- Specific Function
- antiporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC47A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q96FL8
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 61921.585 Da
References
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Multidrug efflux pump that functions as a H(+)/organic cation antiporter. Mediates the efflux of cationic compounds, such as the model cations, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the platinum-based drug oxaliplatin or weak bases that are positively charged at physiological pH, cimetidine, the platinum-based drugs cisplatin and oxaliplatin or the antidiabetic drug metformin. Mediates the efflux of endogenous compounds such as, creatinine, thiamine and estrone-3-sulfate. Plays a physiological role in the excretion of drugs, toxins and endogenous metabolites through the kidney
- Specific Function
- antiporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC47A2
- Uniprot ID
- Q86VL8
- Uniprot Name
- Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 65083.915 Da
References
- FDA approved products: Tukysa (tucatinib) oral tablets [Link]
Drug created at October 20, 2016 20:37 / Updated at June 02, 2023 02:07