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Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000018MetabolicBoth LNA and ALA are essential dietary requirements for all mammals since they cannot be synthesized natively in the body. … LNA enters the cell and is catalyzed to gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) by acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (delta-6-desaturase/fatty acid desaturase 2).
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of N-alpha-Acetyl-L-arginine
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0125530MetabolicN-acyl-alpha amino acids are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom. … N-Acetylarginine can also be classified as an alpha amino acid or a derivatized alpha amino acid.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · L-Glutamine · Adenosine phosphate +10 moreSodium acetate Drug Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0130494MetabolicSodium acetate passes through the liver and is then excreted from the body mainly through the kidney. … Sodium acetate is a drug that is not metabolized by the human body as determined by current research and biotransformer analysis.
Drugs: Sodium acetateGlutaminolysis and Cancer
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002298DiseaseThe transportation of glutamine in and out regulates mTOR activation to coordinate cell growth and proliferation. … Once it reaches malic acid, it is transported outside the mitochondria and transformed into pyruvic acid and lactate.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Succinic acid +9 moreEnzymes: Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitorNicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000048MetabolicNicotinate (niacin) and nicotinamide - more commonly known as vitamin B3 - are precursors of the coenzymes nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP … The precursors are fed into the NAD+ biosynthetic pathwaythrough adenylation and phosphoribosylation reactions.
Enzymes: Peroxisomal NADH pyrophosphatase NUDT12, Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics. … Fructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners.
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000068MetabolicThis pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones. … Many steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination.
Enzymes: Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase, 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1NAD+ Signalling and Aging
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0084271SignalingAn interesting link has emerged between NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1, SIRT3, and mitochondrial function. … NR and PARP inhibitors increased life span in worms via activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRmt by sir2.1.
Enzymes: Nuclear receptor ROR-alpha, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alphaGlycine and Serine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000004MetabolicCystathionine beta-lyase then converts this double amino acid to cysteine, ammonia, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Glycine is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine. … This pathway describes the synthesis and breakdown of several small amino acids, including glycine, serine, and cysteine.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tetrahydrofolic acid · Ademetionine · Pyruvic acid · Arginine · Adenosine phosphate +26 moreTaurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000021Metabolicand returning them to the bile. … This includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs.