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Glutaminolysis and Cancer
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002298DiseaseGlutamine not only provides a major substrate for respiration but also for the synthesis of other macromolecules, such as nucleotides, proteins and hexosamines. … The transportation of glutamine in and out regulates mTOR activation to coordinate cell growth and proliferation.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Succinic acid +9 moreNicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000048Metabolicand plants. … Nicotinate (niacin) and nicotinamide - more commonly known as vitamin B3 - are precursors of the coenzymes nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP
Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics. … Fructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners.
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000068MetabolicThis pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones. … Many steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination.
NAD+ Signalling and Aging
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0084271SignalingAn interesting link has emerged between NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1, SIRT3, and mitochondrial function. … NR and PARP inhibitors increased life span in worms via activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRmt by sir2.1.
Glycine and Serine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000004MetabolicOn the other hand, cysteine is a conditionally essential amino acid, meaning that it can be endogenously synthesized but insufficient quantities may be produced due to certain diseases or conditions. … This pathway describes the synthesis and breakdown of several small amino acids, including glycine, serine, and cysteine.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tetrahydrofolic acid · Ademetionine · Pyruvic acid · Arginine · Adenosine phosphate +26 moreTaurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000021Metabolicand returning them to the bile. … This includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs.
Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000027MetabolicPantothenic acid, pantetheine 4’-phosphate and pantetheine are all found in red blood cells. … It is a precursor of coenzyme A, which is an essential part of many reactions in the body, specifically important in the production of compounds like cholesterol and different fatty acids.
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000058MetabolicThe products of starch digestion are but not limited to maltotriose, maltose, limit dextrin, and glucose. … It’s formed primarily in liver and muscle tissues, but is also formed at secondary sites such as the central nervous system and the stomach. In both cases it exists as free granules in the cytosol.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · NADH · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Uridine diphosphate glucose +4 moreSpermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000445MetabolicSpermidine and spermine are produced in many tissues, as they are involved in the regulation of genetic processes from DNA synthesis to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. … The Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis pathway highlights the creation of these cruicial polyamines.