Melphalan

Identification

Summary

Melphalan is an alkylating antineoplastic agent used for high-dose conditioning prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant in patients with multiple myeloma.

Brand Names
Alkeran, Evomela
Generic Name
Melphalan
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01042
Background

An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - melphalan, the racemic mixture - merphalan, and the dextro isomer - medphalan; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 305.2
Monoisotopic: 304.074533244
Chemical Formula
C13H18Cl2N2O2
Synonyms
  • 3-(p-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)-L-alanine
  • 3-p-(Di(2-chloroethyl)amino)-phenyl-L-alanine
  • 4-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine
  • L-3-(p-(Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino)phenyl)alanine
  • L-PAM
  • L-Phenylalanine mustard
  • L-Sarcolysine
  • Melfalano
  • Melphalan
  • Melphalanum
  • p-Bis(beta-chloroethyl)aminophenylalanine
  • p-Di-(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine
  • p-L-Sarcolysin
  • p-N-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine
  • p-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino-L-phenylalanine
  • Phenylalanine mustard
  • Phenylalanine nitrogen mustard
External IDs
  • CB 3025
  • CB-3025
  • NCI-C04853
  • NSC-241286
  • NSC-8806
  • SK 15673
  • SK-15673

Pharmacology

Indication

Melphalan is indicated for use as a high-dose conditioning treatment prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma.6 It is also indicated for the palliative treatment of multiple myeloma and for the palliation of non-resectable epithelial carcinoma of the ovary.7

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Associated Conditions
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Melphalan is an antineoplastic in the class of alkylating agents and is used to treat various forms of cancer. Alkylating agents are so named because of their ability to add alkyl groups to many electronegative groups under conditions present in cells. They stop tumor growth by cross-linking guanine bases in DNA double-helix strands - directly attacking DNA. This makes the strands unable to uncoil and separate. As this is necessary in DNA replication, the cells can no longer divide. In addition, these drugs add methyl or other alkyl groups onto molecules where they do not belong which in turn inhibits their correct utilization by base pairing and causes a miscoding of DNA. Alkylating agents are cell cycle-nonspecific. Alkylating agents work by three different mechanisms all of which achieve the same end result - disruption of DNA function and cell death.

Mechanism of action

Melphalan attaches alkyl groups to the N-7 position of guanine and N-3 position of adenine, leading to the formation of monoadducts, and DNA fragmenting when repair enzymes attempt to correct the error.4,5 It can also cause DNA cross-linking from the N-7 position of one guanine to the N-7 position of another, preventing DNA strands from separating for synthesis or transcription.4,5 Finally, melphalan can induce a number of different mutations.4

TargetActionsOrganism
ADNA
cross-linking/alkylation
Humans
Absorption

Incomplete, variable, 25-89% post oral dose

Volume of distribution
  • 0.5 L/kg
Protein binding

Moderate to high (60 to 90%), primarily to albumin and, to a lesser extent, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. 30% is irreversibly bound.

Metabolism

Melphalan is not actively metabolised, it spontaneously degrades to mono and dihydroxy products.

Route of elimination

The 24-hour urinary excretion of parent drug in these patients was 10% ± 4.5%, suggesting that renal clearance is not a major route of elimination of parent drug.

Half-life

1.5 (±0.83) hours

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Vomiting, ulceration of the mouth, diarrhea, and hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract; The principal toxic effect is bone marrow suppression. LD50=11.2 mg/kg (orally in rat)

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbataceptThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Melphalan is combined with Abatacept.
AbciximabThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Melphalan.
AcenocoumarolThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acenocoumarol is combined with Melphalan.
Acetylsalicylic acidThe risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Acetylsalicylic acid is combined with Melphalan.
AdalimumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Adalimumab is combined with Melphalan.
Adenovirus type 7 vaccine liveThe risk or severity of infection can be increased when Adenovirus type 7 vaccine live is combined with Melphalan.
AldesleukinThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Aldesleukin is combined with Melphalan.
AlefaceptThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alefacept is combined with Melphalan.
AlemtuzumabThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alemtuzumab is combined with Melphalan.
Allogeneic processed thymus tissueThe therapeutic efficacy of Allogeneic processed thymus tissue can be decreased when used in combination with Melphalan.
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Food Interactions
  • Drink plenty of fluids.
  • Take on an empty stomach. Food decreases absorption and decreases bioavailabilty by approximately 30%.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Melphalan hydrochloride1VXP4V453T3223-07-2OUUYBRCCFUEMLH-YDALLXLXSA-N
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AlkeranTablet, film coated2 mg/1OralGlaxosmithkline Inc1984-05-102012-04-30US flag
AlkeranKit50 mg/10mLIntravenousGlaxo Operations UK Ltd2011-01-012018-02-13US flag
AlkeranTablet2 mg/1OralCelgene1993-03-162009-11-02US flag
AlkeranTablet, film coated2 mg/1OralApoPharma USA, Inc.2011-01-01Not applicableUS flag
AlkeranInjection, powder, for solution; Kit50 mg/10mLIntravenousApoPharma USA, Inc.2011-01-01Not applicableUS flag
AlkeranKit50 mg/10mLIntravenousGlaxosmithkline Inc1993-03-162012-05-31US flag
AlkeranTablet, film coated2 mg/1OralPhysicians Total Care, Inc.2005-08-152012-06-30US flag
AlkeranTablet2 mgOralAspen Pharmacare Canada Inc.1964-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
AlkeranKit50 mg/10mLIntravenousCelgene1993-03-162009-11-02US flag
EvomelaInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution50 mg/10mLIntravenousAcrotech Biopharma Llc2016-03-31Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
MelphalanInjection, powder, for solution; Kit50 mg/10mLIntravenousFresenius Kabi USA, LLC2017-12-22Not applicableUS flag
Melphalan50 mg/50mgIntravenousBpi Labs Llc2020-09-30Not applicableUS flag
MelphalanTablet2 mg/1OralAlvogen Inc.2017-03-22Not applicableUS flag
Melphalan hydrochlorideInjection, powder, for solution; Kit50 mg/10mLIntravenousBpi Labs Llc2021-07-02Not applicableUS flag
Melphalan HydrochlorideKit50 mg/10mLIntravenousMylan Institutional LLC2013-01-10Not applicableUS flag
Melphalan hydrochlorideKit50 mg/10mLIntravenousGland Pharma Limited2019-06-10Not applicableUS flag
Melphalan HydrochlorideInjection, powder, for solution; Kit50 mg/10mLIntravenousXiromed, Llc2021-01-06Not applicableUS flag
Melphalan HydrochlorideInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution50 mg/10mLIntravenousPar Pharmaceutical, Inc.2016-08-262019-04-30US flag
Melphalan HydrochlorideKit50 mg/10mLIntravenousGenera Medix Inc.2009-10-27Not applicableUS flag
Melphalan HydrochlorideInjection, powder, lyophilized, for solution50 mg/10mLIntravenousNoratech Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2022-09-13Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AlkeranMelphalan (50 mg)Kit; Powder, for solution; SolutionIntra-arterial; IntravenousAspen Pharmacare Canada Inc.1995-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Melphalan for InjectionMelphalan (50 mg)Kit; Powder, for solution; SolutionIntravenousApotex Corporation2018-11-20Not applicableCanada flag
Melphalan for InjectionMelphalan (50 mg)Kit; Powder, for solution; SolutionIntra-arterial; IntravenousMarcan Pharmaceuticals Inc2018-06-18Not applicableCanada flag
Taro-melphalanMelphalan (50 mg)Kit; Powder, for solutionIntra-arterial; IntravenousTaro Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2021-01-25Not applicableCanada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ALKERAN 2 MG TABLET, 25 ADETMelphalan (2 mg)TabletOralVLD DANIŞMANLIK TIBBİ ÜRÜNLER VE TANITIM HİZMETLERİ LTD. ŞTİ.2020-08-14Not applicableTurkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
L01AA03 — Melphalan
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. These are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent
Phenylalanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Phenylpropanoic acids / Amphetamines and derivatives / L-alpha-amino acids / Aniline and substituted anilines / Dialkylarylamines / Nitrogen mustard compounds / Aralkylamines / Amino acids / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids
show 7 more
Substituents
3-phenylpropanoic-acid / Alkyl chloride / Alkyl halide / Alpha-amino acid / Amine / Amino acid / Amphetamine or derivatives / Aniline or substituted anilines / Aralkylamine / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
show 22 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organochlorine compound, non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid, L-phenylalanine derivative, nitrogen mustard (CHEBI:28876)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
Q41OR9510P
CAS number
148-82-3
InChI Key
SGDBTWWWUNNDEQ-LBPRGKRZSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C13H18Cl2N2O2/c14-5-7-17(8-6-15)11-3-1-10(2-4-11)9-12(16)13(18)19/h1-4,12H,5-9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t12-/m0/s1
IUPAC Name
(2S)-2-amino-3-{4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl}propanoic acid
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CCCl)CCCl)C(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference
US3032584
General References
  1. Loeber R, Michaelson E, Fang Q, Campbell C, Pegg AE, Tretyakova N: Cross-linking of the DNA repair protein Omicron6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase to DNA in the presence of antitumor nitrogen mustards. Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Apr;21(4):787-95. doi: 10.1021/tx7004508. Epub 2008 Feb 14. [Article]
  2. Souliotis VL, Dimopoulos MA, Episkopou HG, Kyrtopoulos SA, Sfikakis PP: Preferential in vivo DNA repair of melphalan-induced damage in human genes is greatly affected by the local chromatin structure. DNA Repair (Amst). 2006 Aug 13;5(8):972-85. Epub 2006 Jun 15. [Article]
  3. Moscow JA, Swanson CA, Cowan KH: Decreased melphalan accumulation in a human breast cancer cell line selected for resistance to melphalan. Br J Cancer. 1993 Oct;68(4):732-7. [Article]
  4. Povirk LF, Shuker DE: DNA damage and mutagenesis induced by nitrogen mustards. Mutat Res. 1994 Dec;318(3):205-26. doi: 10.1016/0165-1110(94)90015-9. [Article]
  5. Lawley PD, Phillips DH: DNA adducts from chemotherapeutic agents. Mutat Res. 1996 Aug 17;355(1-2):13-40. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(96)00020-6. [Article]
  6. FDA Approved Drug Products: Evomela (melphalan) for intravenous injection [Link]
  7. DailyMed: Melphalan USP tablets for oral use [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015176
KEGG Drug
D00369
KEGG Compound
C07122
PubChem Compound
460612
PubChem Substance
46509130
ChemSpider
405297
BindingDB
50025837
RxNav
6718
ChEBI
28876
ChEMBL
CHEMBL852
ZINC
ZINC000000001673
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000791
PharmGKB
PA450354
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Melphalan

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentMultiple Myeloma (MM)1
4RecruitingTreatmentB-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) / Burkitt Lymphoma / Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) / Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma / Primary Mediastinal Lymphoma1
4RecruitingTreatmentMultiple Myeloma (MM)1
4TerminatedTreatmentMultiple Myeloma (MM)1
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentAutologous Stem Cell Transplantation / Multiple Myeloma (MM)1
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentMultiple Myeloma (MM)6
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentMultiple Myeloma (MM) / Newly Diagnosed Patients1
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentNewly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma1
3Active Not RecruitingTreatmentOcular Melanoma1
3CompletedTreatmentAcute Myeloid Leukemia1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Antibioticos Ltd.
  • Bioniche Pharma
  • Cardinal Health
  • Catalent Pharma Solutions
  • Generamedix Inc.
  • GlaxoSmithKline Inc.
  • Nerviano Medical Science S.R.L.
  • Oso Biopharmaceuticals Manufacturing LLC
  • Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral50 MG/10ML
Injection, powder, for solution; kitIntravenous50 mg/10mL
Kit; powder, for solution; solutionIntra-arterial; Intravenous
TabletOral2 mg/1
TabletOral2 mg
TabletOral5 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral2 mg/1
Tablet; tablet, film coatedOral2 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous
Tablet, film coatedOral2.00 mg
TabletOral
Tablet, film coatedOral2 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionParenteral50 mg
InjectionIntravenous50 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous50 mg/10mL
Injection, powder, for solution
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral50 mg
Kit; powder, for solutionIntravenous50 mg / vial
Kit; powder, for solution; solutionIntravenous
KitIntravenous50 mg/15mL
KitIntravenous50 mg/10mL
SolutionParenteral
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous50 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous200 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous50 mg
PowderIntravenous200 MG
PowderIntravenous50 MG
Kit; powder, for solutionIntra-arterial; Intravenous
PowderIntravenous50 mg/1vial
Tablet, coatedOral2 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Alkeran 50 mg vial1971.72USD vial
Melphalan hcl 50 mg vial1845.6USD vial
Alkeran 2 mg tablet5.65USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
CA1341114No2000-10-102017-10-10Canada flag
US8410077No2013-04-022029-03-13US flag
US9200088No2015-12-012029-03-13US flag
US9493582No2016-11-152033-02-27US flag
US10040872No2018-08-072034-01-30US flag
US10864183No2020-12-152030-05-28US flag
US10940128No2021-03-092030-06-14US flag
US11020363No2021-06-012030-05-28US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)182.5 °CPhysProp
water solubility< 0.1 g/100 mL at 22 °CNot Available
logP-0.52SANGSTER,J (1994) @pH=7.4
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.25Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.29Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.51Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area66.56 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count8Chemaxon
Refractivity78.23 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability31.38 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9523
Blood Brain Barrier-0.6073
Caco-2 permeable+0.5
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.5
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.983
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9192
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.811
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8457
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7432
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7553
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.779
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9348
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9231
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9193
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.7959
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9863
Ames testAMES toxic0.9108
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7873
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9746
Rat acute toxicity3.9179 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.8187
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8488
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSNot Available
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSNot Available
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-000w-2930000000-b95beb5e9c3e61b7687f

Targets

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Kind
Nucleotide
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Cross-linking/alkylation
DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Monahan SD, Subbotin VM, Budker VG, Slattum PM, Neal ZC, Herweijer H, Wolff JA: Rapidly reversible hydrophobization: an approach to high first-pass drug extraction. Chem Biol. 2007 Sep;14(9):1065-77. [Article]
  4. Lee PC, Kakadiya R, Su TL, Lee TC: Combination of bifunctional alkylating agent and arsenic trioxide synergistically suppresses the growth of drug-resistant tumor cells. Neoplasia. 2010 May;12(5):376-87. [Article]
  5. Wang F, Li F, Ganguly M, Marky LA, Gold B, Egli M, Stone MP: A bridging water anchors the tethered 5-(3-aminopropyl)-2'-deoxyuridine amine in the DNA major groove proximate to the N+2 C.G base pair: implications for formation of interstrand 5'-GNC-3' cross-links by nitrogen mustards. Biochemistry. 2008 Jul 8;47(27):7147-57. doi: 10.1021/bi800375m. Epub 2008 Jun 13. [Article]
  6. Vasquez KM: Targeting and processing of site-specific DNA interstrand crosslinks. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2010 Jul;51(6):527-39. doi: 10.1002/em.20557. [Article]
  7. Dimopoulos MA, Souliotis VL, Anagnostopoulos A, Bamia C, Pouli A, Baltadakis I, Terpos E, Kyrtopoulos SA, Sfikakis PP: Melphalan-induced DNA damage in vitro as a predictor for clinical outcome in multiple myeloma. Haematologica. 2007 Nov;92(11):1505-12. [Article]
  8. Chen Q, Van der Sluis PC, Boulware D, Hazlehurst LA, Dalton WS: The FA/BRCA pathway is involved in melphalan-induced DNA interstrand cross-link repair and accounts for melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Blood. 2005 Jul 15;106(2):698-705. Epub 2005 Mar 31. [Article]
  9. Souliotis VL, Dimopoulos MA, Episkopou HG, Kyrtopoulos SA, Sfikakis PP: Preferential in vivo DNA repair of melphalan-induced damage in human genes is greatly affected by the local chromatin structure. DNA Repair (Amst). 2006 Aug 13;5(8):972-85. Epub 2006 Jun 15. [Article]
  10. Loeber R, Michaelson E, Fang Q, Campbell C, Pegg AE, Tretyakova N: Cross-linking of the DNA repair protein Omicron6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase to DNA in the presence of antitumor nitrogen mustards. Chem Res Toxicol. 2008 Apr;21(4):787-95. doi: 10.1021/tx7004508. Epub 2008 Feb 14. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Toxin transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain.
Gene Name
SLC22A3
Uniprot ID
O75751
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 3
Molecular Weight
61279.485 Da
References
  1. Shnitsar V, Eckardt R, Gupta S, Grottker J, Muller GA, Koepsell H, Burckhardt G, Hagos Y: Expression of human organic cation transporter 3 in kidney carcinoma cell lines increases chemosensitivity to melphalan, irinotecan, and vincristine. Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;69(4):1494-501. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2483. Epub 2009 Feb 3. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Peptide antigen binding
Specific Function
Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Involved in cellular a...
Gene Name
SLC7A5
Uniprot ID
Q01650
Uniprot Name
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1
Molecular Weight
55009.62 Da
References
  1. Moscow JA, Swanson CA, Cowan KH: Decreased melphalan accumulation in a human breast cancer cell line selected for resistance to melphalan. Br J Cancer. 1993 Oct;68(4):732-7. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 22, 2023 23:54