Identification
- Summary
Niclosamide is an anthelmintic indicated in the treatment of beef, pork, fish, and dwarf tapeworm infections in adults and children.
- Generic Name
- Niclosamide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB06803
- Background
Niclosamide is an antihelminthic used for the treatment of tapeworm infections. Helminths (worms) are multicellular organisms that infect very large numbers of humans and cause a broad range of diseases. Over 1 billion people are infected with intestinal nematodes, and many millions are infected with filarial nematodes, flukes, and tapeworms. They are an even greater problem in domestic animals.
Niclosamide, once marketed in the US under the brand name Niclocide, was voluntarily withdrawn from market by Bayer in 1996.2
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Niclosamide (DB06803)
- Weight
- Average: 327.12
Monoisotopic: 325.986112168 - Chemical Formula
- C13H8Cl2N2O4
- Synonyms
- Niclosamide
- External IDs
- BAY 2353
- NSC-178296
- WR 46234
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of tapeworm and intestinal fluke infections: Taenia saginata (Beef Tapeworm), Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm), Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish Tapeworm), Fasciolopsis buski (large intestinal fluke). Niclosamide is also used as a molluscicide in the control of schistosomiasis.
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Niclosamide is an antihelminth used against tapeworm infections. It may act by the uncoupling of the electron transport chain to ATP synthase. The disturbance of this crucial metabolic pathway prevents creation of adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), an essential molecule that supplies energy for metabolism.
- Mechanism of action
Niclosamide works by killing tapeworms on contact. Adult worms (but not ova) are rapidly killed, presumably due to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or stimulation of ATPase activity. The killed worms are then passed in the stool or sometimes destroyed in the intestine. Niclosamide may work as a molluscicide by binding to and damaging DNA.
Target Actions Organism UDNA antagonistHumans - Absorption
Niclosamide appears to be minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract—neither the drug nor its metabolites have been recovered from the blood or urine.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates.Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Infrequent, mild, and transitory adverse events include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbatacept The metabolism of Niclosamide can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abrocitinib The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Niclosamide. Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Niclosamide. Acetaminophen The metabolism of Acetaminophen can be decreased when combined with Niclosamide. Acetohexamide The metabolism of Niclosamide can be decreased when combined with Acetohexamide. Acetyl sulfisoxazole The metabolism of Niclosamide can be decreased when combined with Acetyl sulfisoxazole. Acetylsalicylic acid The metabolism of Niclosamide can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid. Acyclovir The metabolism of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Niclosamide. Adagrasib The metabolism of Niclosamide can be decreased when combined with Adagrasib. Adalimumab The metabolism of Niclosamide can be increased when combined with Adalimumab. 
Identify potential medication risksEasily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker.Get severity rating, description, and management advice.Learn more - Food Interactions
- Not Available
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- International/Other Brands
- Niclocide
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ยาถ่ายพยาธิตัวตืด ฟ็อบ-เวอร์มิน Niclosamide (500 mg) + Phenolphthalein (50 mg) Tablet ห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด พัฒนาการเภสัช 1984-12-13 2020-09-29 Thailand 
ยาถ่ายพยาธิตัวตืด ฮีโร่ - แอนสัน Niclosamide (500 mg) + Phenolphthalein (120 mg) Tablet บริษัท ฮีโร่มัยซิน ฟาร์ม่า จำกัด จำกัด 2003-04-20 Not applicable Thailand ยาถ่ายพยาธิตัวตืดเฮ้กซิน Niclosamide (500 mg) + Phenolphthalein (75 mg) Tablet ห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด ห้างขายยา กรุงเทพฯฟามาซี 1985-02-07 Not applicable Thailand วี อาร์ 1000 - พี Niclosamide (1 G) + Phenolphthalein (100 MG) Tablet บริษัท เอช.เค.ฟาร์มาซูติคอล จำกัด 2015-11-18 Not applicable Thailand วี.อาร์. 1000 Niclosamide (1 g) + Phenolphthalein (100 mg) Tablet บริษัท เอช.เค.ฟาร์มาซูติคอล จำกัด 2015-11-18 Not applicable Thailand เค.16 ชนิดเม็ด Niclosamide (1 g) + Phenolphthalein (100 mg) Tablet บริษัท เอช.เค.ฟาร์มาซูติคอล จำกัด 2015-12-16 Not applicable Thailand เทป-ซีน Niclosamide (500 mg) + Phenolphthalein (75 mg) Tablet บริษัท ซีฟาม จำกัด จำกัด 1997-08-15 2020-08-30 Thailand แอนสัน 1000 Niclosamide (1 G) + Phenolphthalein (120 MG) Tablet บริษัท ฮีโร่มัยซิน ฟาร์ม่า จำกัด จำกัด 2003-04-20 Not applicable Thailand โคเมซาน Niclosamide (500 MG) + Phenolphthalein (50 MG) Tablet บริษัท เอช.เค.ฟาร์มาซูติคอล จำกัด 2015-12-16 Not applicable Thailand ไบร์ซาน Niclosamide (500 mg) + Phenolphthalein (75 mg) Tablet บริษัท ไบร์วู๊ดฟาร์มาซูติคอล จำกัด 1987-04-16 Not applicable Thailand
Categories
- ATC Codes
- P02DA01 — Niclosamide
- Drug Categories
- Agrochemicals
- Amides
- Amines
- Anilides
- Aniline Compounds
- Anthelmintics
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Anticestodal Agents
- Anticestodals
- Antinematodal Agents
- Antiparasitic Agents
- Antiparasitic Products, Insecticides and Repellents
- Antiplatyhelmintic Agents
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Molluscacides
- Pesticides
- Salicylamides
- Salicylanilide and Derivatives
- Salicylic Acid Derivatives
- Toxic Actions
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzanilides. These are aromatic compounds containing an anilide group in which the carboxamide group is substituted with a benzene ring. They have the general structure RNC(=O)R', where R,R'= benzene.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Anilides
- Direct Parent
- Benzanilides
- Alternative Parents
- Salicylamides / 3-halobenzoic acids and derivatives / Benzamides / Nitrobenzenes / P-chlorophenols / Benzoyl derivatives / Nitroaromatic compounds / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Chlorobenzenes / Aryl chlorides show 11 more
- Substituents
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 3-halobenzoic acid or derivatives / 4-chlorophenol / 4-halophenol / Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Benzamide / Benzanilide show 29 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Helminthic Microorganisms
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 8KK8CQ2K8G
- CAS number
- 50-65-7
- InChI Key
- RJMUSRYZPJIFPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C13H8Cl2N2O4/c14-7-1-4-12(18)9(5-7)13(19)16-11-3-2-8(17(20)21)6-10(11)15/h1-6,18H,(H,16,19)
- IUPAC Name
- 5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide
- SMILES
- OC1=C(C=C(Cl)C=C1)C(=O)NC1=C(Cl)C=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
- US3079297
- General References
- Thomson Micromedex (2007). Advice for the Patient Volume II (27th ed.). PDR Network, LLC. [ISBN:1-56363-575-5]
- Federal Register: Withdrawal of Approval of 29 NADA's (July 3, 1996) [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015679
- KEGG Drug
- D00436
- PubChem Compound
- 4477
- PubChem Substance
- 99443295
- ChemSpider
- 4322
- BindingDB
- 11242
- 7402
- ChEBI
- 7553
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1448
- ZINC
- ZINC000003874496
- PharmGKB
- PA165958408
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Niclosamide
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Treatment Efficacy 1 3 Completed Treatment Diabetic Nephropathy 1 3 Unknown Status Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) 1 3 Withdrawn Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) 1 2 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) 1 2 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate / Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma / Stage IV Prostate Cancer 1 2 Completed Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) 1 2 Recruiting Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / SARS Pneumonia 1 2 Recruiting Treatment Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 1 2 Terminated Treatment Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) 2
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 500 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 500 mg Tablet 500 mg Tablet Tablet 1000 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 230 °C PhysProp water solubility 1.6 mg/L (at 20 °C) TOMLIN,C (1997) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00799 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 4.49 ALOGPS logP 3.91 Chemaxon logS -4.6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 6.89 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.4 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 4 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 92.47 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 79.5 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 28.52 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.7721 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.7259 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.7857 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8671 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9349 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9267 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.721 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8519 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5187 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.9107 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8948 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.6943 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8442 Ames test AMES toxic 0.9107 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.5513 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9803 Rat acute toxicity 2.2390 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.914 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8434
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Targets
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Unknown
Antagonist
References
- Abreu FC, Goulart MO, Brett AM: Detection of the damage caused to DNA by niclosamide using an electrochemical DNA-biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2002 Dec;17(11-12):913-9. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Bapiro TE, Egnell AC, Hasler JA, Masimirembwa CM: Application of higher throughput screening (HTS) inhibition assays to evaluate the interaction of antiparasitic drugs with cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jan;29(1):30-5. [Article]
- Egnell AC, Eriksson C, Albertson N, Houston B, Boyer S: Generation and evaluation of a CYP2C9 heteroactivation pharmacophore. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Dec;307(3):878-87. Epub 2003 Oct 13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Data limited to in vitro studies.
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Bapiro TE, Egnell AC, Hasler JA, Masimirembwa CM: Application of higher throughput screening (HTS) inhibition assays to evaluate the interaction of antiparasitic drugs with cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Jan;29(1):30-5. [Article]
Drug created at September 14, 2010 16:21 / Updated at June 19, 2021 00:26