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Identification
- Summary
Boceprevir is a hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitor used in combination with other medications to treat chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection. Boceprevir is not indicated as monotherapy.
- Generic Name
- Boceprevir
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB08873
- Background
Boceprevir is a direct acting antiviral medication used as part of combination therapy to treat chronic Hepatitis C, an infectious liver disease caused by infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). HCV is a single-stranded RNA virus that is categorized into nine distinct genotypes, with genotype 1 being the most common in the United States, and affecting 72% of all chronic HCV patients 7. Treatment options for chronic Hepatitis C have advanced significantly since 2011, with the development of Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs) such as Boceprevir. Boceprevir is an inhibitor of NS3/4A, a serine protease enzyme, encoded by HCV genotypes 1 and 4 Synthesis. These enzymes are essential for viral replication and serve to cleave the virally encoded polyprotein into mature proteins like NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B Label. The barrier for develoment of resistance to NS3/4A inhibitors is lower than that of NS5B inhibitors, another class of DAAs 5. Subtitutions at amino acid positions 155, 156, or 168 are known to confer resistance. The substitutions of the enzyme's catalytic triad consisting of H58, D82, and S139 are also likely to alter the affinity of the drug for NS3/4A or the activity of the enzyme itself. Despite this disadvantage Boceprevir is still effective against HCV when paired with Ribavirin, Peginterferon alfa-2a, and Peginterferon alfa-2b.
In a joint recommendation published in 2016, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) do not reccomend Boceprevir in combination with Ribavirin, Peginterferon alfa-2a, and Peginterferon alfa-2b as first line therapy for Hepatitis C 5. Boceprevir, Ribavirin, Peginterferon alfa-2a, and Peginterferon alfa-2b are used with the intent to cure, or achieve a sustained virologic response (SVR), after 48 weeks of daily therapy. SVR and eradication of HCV infection is associated with significant long-term health benefits including reduced liver-related damage, improved quality of life, reduced incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and reduced all-cause mortality 6.
Boceprevir is available as a fixed dose product (tradename Victrelis) used for the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C. Approved in May 2011 by the FDA, Victrelis is indicated for the treatment of HCV genotype 1 in combination with Ribavirin, Peginterferon alfa-2a, and Peginterferon alfa-2b Label. Victrelis is no longer widely used as interferon-free therapies have been developed.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Withdrawn
- Structure
Structure for Boceprevir (DB08873)
- Weight
- Average: 519.6767
Monoisotopic: 519.342069575 - Chemical Formula
- C27H45N5O5
- Synonyms
- Boceprevir
- External IDs
- EBP 520
- EBP-520
- SCH 503034
- SCH-503034
Pharmacology
- Indication
Boceprevir, when used in combination with Ribavirin, Peginterferon alfa-2a, and Peginterferon alfa-2b is indicated for use in the treatment of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection in adults Label.
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Chronic hepatitis c genotype 1 Combination Product in combination with: Peginterferon alfa-2b (DB00022), Ribavirin (DB00811) •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Boceprevir is classified as a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) and prevents viral replication in HCV genotype 1 Label.
- Mechanism of action
Boceprevir is a NS3/4a protease inhibitor used to inhibit viral HCV replication Label. NS3/4a protease is an integral part of viral replication and mediates the cleavage the virally encoded polyprotein to mature proteins (NS4A, NS4B, NS5A and NS5B) Label. Boceprevir covalently but reversibly binds the serine (S139) resiude in the active site via a (α)-ketoamide functional group. This inhibits the proteolytic acitvity of the HCV 1a and 1b encoded enzyme.
Target Actions Organism AGenome polyprotein inhibitorHepatitis C Virus AGenome polyprotein modulator- Absorption
Boceprevir reaches peak plasma concentration 2 hours after administration Label. Absolute bioavailability has not been determined. When taken with food exposure increases up to 65%. In capsule, Boceprevir consists of two diaseromers in a 1:1 ratio. In plasma this ratio changes to 2:1 favoring the active diastereomer.
- Volume of distribution
The mean apparent volume of distribution for Bocepravir is 772 litres at steady state Label.
- Protein binding
Bocepravir is approximately 75% bound to human plasma proteins following a single dose Label.
- Metabolism
Bocepravir is primarily metabolized via the aldo-ketoreductase-mediated pathway producing a diastereomeric mix of metabolites at a 4 fold greater exposure than the parent compound Label. Boceprevir also undergoes oxidative metabolism via CYP3A4/5, although to a lesser extent.
- Route of elimination
Boceprevir is mainly eliminated in the feces (79%) with a small amount eliminated in the urine (9%) Label. Approximately 8% and 3% is excreted as the parent compound in the feces and urine respectively.
- Half-life
Boceprevir has a mean half-life of elimination of 3.4 hours Label.
- Clearance
Boceprevir has a mean total body clearance of 161 liters per hour Label.
- Adverse Effects
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The most commonly reported adverse reactions in adult subjects were fatigue, anemia, nausea, headache, and dysgeusia when Boceprevir was used in combination with Ribavirin and Peginterferon alfa-2a/Peginterferon alfa-2b Label.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The metabolism of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when combined with Boceprevir. Abametapir The serum concentration of Boceprevir can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Boceprevir can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Boceprevir. Abiraterone The metabolism of Abiraterone can be decreased when combined with Boceprevir. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Food decreases drug exposure, but not to a clinically significant extent.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Victrelis Capsule 200 mg Oral Merck Ltd. 2011-08-02 2017-01-10 Canada 
Victrelis Capsule 200 mg Oral Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V. 2016-09-08 2018-06-29 EU 
Victrelis Capsule 200 mg/1 Oral Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V. 2011-05-13 2015-12-31 US 
Victrelis Capsule 200 mg Oral Merck Sharp & Dohme B.V. 2016-09-08 2018-06-29 EU - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Victrelis Triple Boceprevir (200 mg / cap) + Peginterferon alfa-2b (150 mcg / 0.5 mL) + Ribavirin (200 mg / cap) Capsule; Powder, for solution Oral; Subcutaneous Merck Ltd. 2011-08-16 2016-09-02 Canada Victrelis Triple Boceprevir (200 mg / cap) + Peginterferon alfa-2b (100 mcg / 0.5 mL) + Ribavirin (200 mg / cap) Capsule; Powder, for solution Oral; Subcutaneous Merck Ltd. 2011-08-16 2017-01-10 Canada Victrelis Triple Boceprevir (200 mg / cap) + Peginterferon alfa-2b (120 mcg / 0.5 mL) + Ribavirin (200 mg / cap) Capsule; Powder, for solution Oral; Subcutaneous Merck Ltd. 2011-08-16 2016-09-02 Canada Victrelis Triple Boceprevir (200 mg / cap) + Peginterferon alfa-2b (80 mcg / 0.5 mL) + Ribavirin (200 mg / cap) Capsule; Powder, for solution Oral; Subcutaneous Merck Ltd. 2011-08-16 2017-01-10 Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- J05AP03 — Boceprevir
- Drug Categories
- Amino Acids
- Amino Acids, Cyclic
- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
- Antiinfectives for Systemic Use
- Antiviral Agents
- Antivirals for Systemic Use
- Antivirals for treatment of HCV infections
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Inhibitors (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Direct Acting Antivirals
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors
- Imino Acids
- NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Protease Inhibitors
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hybrid peptides. These are compounds containing at least two different types of amino acids (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) linked to each other through a peptide bond.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Peptidomimetics
- Sub Class
- Hybrid peptides
- Direct Parent
- Hybrid peptides
- Alternative Parents
- Dipeptides / Valine and derivatives / N-carbamoyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acid amides / Piperidinecarboxamides / N-acylpiperidines / Pyrrolidinecarboxamides / N-acylpyrrolidines / Fatty amides / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides show 9 more
- Substituents
- 2-piperidinecarboxamide / Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound / Alpha-amino acid amide / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Alpha-dipeptide / Azacycle / Carbonic acid derivative / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid derivative show 25 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- ureas, tripeptide (CHEBI:68621)
- Affected organisms
- Hepatitis C Virus
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 89BT58KELH
- CAS number
- 394730-60-0
- InChI Key
- LHHCSNFAOIFYRV-DOVBMPENSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C27H45N5O5/c1-25(2,3)20(30-24(37)31-26(4,5)6)23(36)32-13-15-17(27(15,7)8)18(32)22(35)29-16(19(33)21(28)34)12-14-10-9-11-14/h14-18,20H,9-13H2,1-8H3,(H2,28,34)(H,29,35)(H2,30,31,37)/t15-,16?,17-,18-,20+/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- 3-{[(1R,2S,5S)-3-[(2S)-2-[(tert-butylcarbamoyl)amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-yl]formamido}-4-cyclobutyl-2-oxobutanamide
- SMILES
- [H][C@]12CN([C@H](C(=O)NC(CC3CCC3)C(=O)C(N)=O)[C@@]1([H])C2(C)C)C(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)NC(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C
References
- Synthesis Reference
James Lalonde, Tao Li, Jack Liang, Benjamin Mijts, Roger Sheldon, George S.K. Wong, Aleksey Zaks, "Substantially Stereomerically Pure Fused Bicyclic Proline Compounds and Processes for Preparing Boceprevir." U.S. Patent US20120289709, issued November 15, 2012.
US20120289709- General References
- Kiser JJ, Flexner C: Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;53:427-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140254. Epub 2012 Nov 5. [Article]
- Treitel M, Marbury T, Preston RA, Triantafyllou I, Feely W, O'Mara E, Kasserra C, Gupta S, Hughes EA: Single-dose pharmacokinetics of boceprevir in subjects with impaired hepatic or renal function. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2012 Sep 1;51(9):619-28. doi: 10.2165/11633440-000000000-00000. [Article]
- Wilby KJ, Partovi N, Ford JA, Greanya E, Yoshida EM: Review of boceprevir and telaprevir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Can J Gastroenterol. 2012 Apr;26(4):205-10. [Article]
- Malcolm BA, Liu R, Lahser F, Agrawal S, Belanger B, Butkiewicz N, Chase R, Gheyas F, Hart A, Hesk D, Ingravallo P, Jiang C, Kong R, Lu J, Pichardo J, Prongay A, Skelton A, Tong X, Venkatraman S, Xia E, Girijavallabhan V, Njoroge FG: SCH 503034, a mechanism-based inhibitor of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease, suppresses polyprotein maturation and enhances the antiviral activity of alpha interferon in replicon cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006 Mar;50(3):1013-20. [Article]
- Bagaglio S, Uberti-Foppa C, Morsica G: Resistance Mechanisms in Hepatitis C Virus: implications for Direct-Acting Antiviral Use. Drugs. 2017 May 12. doi: 10.1007/s40265-017-0753-x. [Article]
- Myers RP, Shah H, Burak KW, Cooper C, Feld JJ: An update on the management of chronic hepatitis C: 2015 Consensus guidelines from the Canadian Association for the Study of the Liver. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jan-Feb;29(1):19-34. Epub 2015 Jan 13. [Article]
- American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Infectious Diseases Society of America. HCV guidance. http://hcvguidelines.org. Accessed June 12, 2017. [Link]
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D08876
- PubChem Compound
- 10324367
- PubChem Substance
- 175427127
- ChemSpider
- 8499830
- BindingDB
- 12311
- 1102129
- ChEBI
- 68621
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL218394
- PharmGKB
- PA165948902
- PDBe Ligand
- HU5
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Boceprevir
- FDA label
- Download (403 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection 3 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection / Cirrhosis of the Liver 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Treatment Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection / Cirrhosis of the Liver 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Terminated Not Available Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral 200 mg/1 Capsule Oral 200 mg Capsule, coated Oral 200 mg Capsule; powder, for solution Oral; Subcutaneous - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US7772178 No 2010-08-10 2027-11-11 US US8119602 No 2012-02-21 2027-03-17 US USRE43298 No 2012-04-03 2022-02-22 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0234 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 1.93 ALOGPS logP 1.78 Chemaxon logS -4.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 12.44 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -0.91 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 4 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 150.7 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 10 Chemaxon Refractivity 138.2 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 56.79 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule Yes Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.6781 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.8805 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6532 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8394 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.671 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.6377 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8188 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7965 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7996 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.621 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7987 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7265 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.87 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.6908 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9659 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8434 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.662 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8555 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.5913 Rat acute toxicity 2.6263 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9828 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7092
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 228.69115 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 230.58653 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 236.34856 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Not Available
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- NS3/4A
- Uniprot ID
- B0B3C9
- Uniprot Name
- Genome polyprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 72789.28 Da
References
- Ali A, Aydin C, Gildemeister R, Romano KP, Cao H, Ozen A, Soumana D, Newton A, Petropoulos CJ, Huang W, Schiffer CA: Evaluating the role of macrocycles in the susceptibility of hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protease inhibitors to drug resistance. ACS Chem Biol. 2013 Jul 19;8(7):1469-78. doi: 10.1021/cb400100g. Epub 2013 May 1. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Not Available
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Mature core protein Packages viral RNA to form a viral nucleocapsid, and promotes virion budding (Probable). Participates in the viral particle production as a result of its interaction with the non-structural protein 5A (By similarity). Binds RNA and may function as a RNA chaperone to induce the RNA structural rearrangements taking place during virus replication (By similarity). Modulates viral translation initiation by interacting with viral IRES and 40S ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Affects various cell signaling pathways, host immunity and lipid metabolism (Probable). Prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma signaling pathways and by blocking the formation of phosphorylated STAT1 and promoting ubiquitin-mediated proteasome-dependent degradation of STAT1 (By similarity). Activates STAT3 leading to cellular transformation (By similarity). Regulates the activity of cellular genes, including c-myc and c-fos (PubMed:8533458). May repress the promoter of p53, and sequester CREB3 and SP110 isoform 3/Sp110b in the cytoplasm (PubMed:9110985). Represses cell cycle negative regulating factor CDKN1A, thereby interrupting an important check point of normal cell cycle regulation (PubMed:9524287). Targets transcription factors involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses and in the immune response: suppresses TNF-induced NF-kappa-B activation, and activates AP-1 (PubMed:9811706). Binds to dendritic cells (DCs) via C1QR1, resulting in down-regulation of T-lymphocytes proliferation (By similarity). Alters lipid metabolism by interacting with hepatocellular proteins involved in lipid accumulation and storage (By similarity). Induces up-regulation of FAS promoter activity, and thereby contributes to the increased triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes (steatosis) (By similarity).
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- Not Available
- Uniprot ID
- P26664
- Uniprot Name
- Genome polyprotein
- Molecular Weight
- 327198.77 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Kiser JJ, Flexner C: Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;53:427-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140254. Epub 2012 Nov 5. [Article]
- Wilby KJ, Greanya ED, Ford JA, Yoshida EM, Partovi N: A review of drug interactions with boceprevir and telaprevir: implications for HIV and transplant patients. Ann Hepatol. 2012 Mar-Apr;11(2):179-85. [Article]
- Hulskotte EG, Feng HP, Xuan F, Gupta S, van Zutven MG, O'Mara E, Wagner JA, Butterton JR: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the interaction between hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors atorvastatin and pravastatin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jun;57(6):2582-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02347-12. Epub 2013 Mar 25. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: VICTRELIS (boceprevir) Capsules [Link]
- FDA Drug Development and Drug Interactions: Table of Substrates, Inhibitors and Inducers [Link]
- Boceprevir FDA label [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes 6beta-hydroxylation of the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione (PubMed:2732228). Catalyzes the oxidative conversion of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, including calcium channel blocking drug nifedipine and immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (PubMed:2732228)
- Specific Function
- aromatase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Kiser JJ, Flexner C: Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;53:427-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140254. Epub 2012 Nov 5. [Article]
- Hulskotte E, Gupta S, Xuan F, van Zutven M, O'Mara E, Feng HP, Wagner J, Butterton J: Pharmacokinetic interaction between the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and cyclosporine and tacrolimus in healthy volunteers. Hepatology. 2012 Nov;56(5):1622-30. doi: 10.1002/hep.25831. Epub 2012 Oct 14. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Based on the findings of in vitro studies, boceprevir has the potential to inhibit P-gp; however, it had limited p-glycoprotein inhibitory potential at clinically relevant concentrations in a drug interaction study.
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Kiser JJ, Flexner C: Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;53:427-49. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140254. Epub 2012 Nov 5. [Article]
Drug created at May 12, 2013 04:45 / Updated at August 26, 2024 19:24