Carbonic anhydrase 2

Details

Name
Carbonic anhydrase 2
Synonyms
  • 4.2.1.1
  • CA-II
  • CAC
  • Carbonate dehydratase II
  • Carbonic anhydrase C
  • Carbonic anhydrase II
Gene Name
CA2
Organism
Humans
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0018937|Carbonic anhydrase 2
MSHHWGYGKHNGPEHWHKDFPIAKGERQSPVDIDTHTAKYDPSLKPLSVSYDQATSLRIL
NNGHAFNVEFDDSQDKAVLKGGPLDGTYRLIQFHFHWGSLDGQGSEHTVDKKKYAAELHL
VHWNTKYGDFGKAVQQPDGLAVLGIFLKVGSAKPGLQKVVDVLDSIKTKGKSADFTNFDP
RGLLPESLDYWTYPGSLTTPPLLECVTWIVLKEPISVSSEQVLKFRKLNFNGEGEPEELM
VDNWRPAQPLKNRQIKASFK
Number of residues
260
Molecular Weight
29245.895
Theoretical pI
7.47
GO Classification
Functions
arylesterase activity / carbonate dehydratase activity / zinc ion binding
Processes
angiotensin-activated signaling pathway / bicarbonate transport / cellular response to fluid shear stress / kidney development / morphogenesis of an epithelium / odontogenesis of dentin-containing tooth / one-carbon metabolic process / positive regulation of bone resorption / positive regulation of cellular pH reduction / positive regulation of dipeptide transmembrane transport / positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation / positive regulation of synaptic transmission, GABAergic / regulation of anion transport / regulation of chloride transport / regulation of intracellular pH / response to estrogen / response to pH / response to zinc ion / secretion / small molecule metabolic process
Components
apical part of cell / axon / basolateral plasma membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol / extracellular exosome / extracellular space / microvillus / myelin sheath / plasma membrane
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption. Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6.
Pfam Domain Function
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Cytoplasm
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0018938|Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2)
ATGTCCCATCACTGGGGGTACGGCAAACACAACGGACCTGAGCACTGGCATAAGGACTTC
CCCATTGCCAAGGGAGAGCGCCAGTCCCCTGTTGACATCGACACTCATACAGCCAAGTAT
GACCCTTCCCTGAAGCCCCTGTCTGTTTCCTATGATCAAGCAACTTCCCTGAGGATCCTC
AACAATGGTCATGCTTTCAACGTGGAGTTTGATGACTCTCAGGACAAAGCAGTGCTCAAG
GGAGGACCCCTGGATGGCACTTACAGATTGATTCAGTTTCACTTTCACTGGGGTTCACTT
GATGGACAAGGTTCAGAGCATACTGTGGATAAAAAGAAATATGCTGCAGAACTTCACTTG
GTTCACTGGAACACCAAATATGGGGATTTTGGGAAAGCTGTGCAGCAACCTGATGGACTG
GCCGTTCTAGGTATTTTTTTGAAGGTTGGCAGCGCTAAACCGGGCCTTCAGAAAGTTGTT
GATGTGCTGGATTCCATTAAAACAAAGGGCAAGAGTGCTGACTTCACTAACTTCGATCCT
CGTGGCCTCCTTCCTGAATCCTTGGATTACTGGACCTACCCAGGCTCACTGACCACCCCT
CCTCTTCTGGAATGTGTGACCTGGATTGTGCTCAAGGAACCCATCAGCGTCAGCAGCGAG
CAGGTGTTGAAATTCCGTAAACTTAACTTCAATGGGGAGGGTGAACCCGAAGAACTGATG
GTGGACAACTGGCGCCCAGCTCAGCCACTGAAGAACAGGCAAATCAAAGCTTCCTTCAAA
TAA
Chromosome Location
8
Locus
8q22
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP00918
UniProtKB Entry NameCAH2_HUMAN
GenBank Protein ID179780
GenBank Gene IDM77181
GenAtlas IDCA2
HGNC IDHGNC:1373
General References
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  7. Venta PJ, Montgomery JC, Hewett-Emmett D, Tashian RE: Comparison of the 5' regions of human and mouse carbonic anhydrase II genes and identification of possible regulatory elements. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 Dec 18;826(4):195-201. [Article]
  8. Alvarez BV, Loiselle FB, Supuran CT, Schwartz GJ, Casey JR: Direct extracellular interaction between carbonic anhydrase IV and the human NBC1 sodium/bicarbonate co-transporter. Biochemistry. 2003 Oct 28;42(42):12321-9. [Article]
  9. Loiselle FB, Morgan PE, Alvarez BV, Casey JR: Regulation of the human NBC3 Na+/HCO3- cotransporter by carbonic anhydrase II and PKA. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004 Jun;286(6):C1423-33. Epub 2004 Jan 21. [Article]
  10. Pushkin A, Abuladze N, Gross E, Newman D, Tatishchev S, Lee I, Fedotoff O, Bondar G, Azimov R, Ngyuen M, Kurtz I: Molecular mechanism of kNBC1-carbonic anhydrase II interaction in proximal tubule cells. J Physiol. 2004 Aug 15;559(Pt 1):55-65. Epub 2004 Jun 24. [Article]
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  13. Di Fiore A, Monti SM, Hilvo M, Parkkila S, Romano V, Scaloni A, Pedone C, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, De Simone G: Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase XIII and its complex with the inhibitor acetazolamide. Proteins. 2009 Jan;74(1):164-75. doi: 10.1002/prot.22144. [Article]
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  19. Krebs JF, Fierke CA, Alexander RS, Christianson DW: Conformational mobility of His-64 in the Thr-200----Ser mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 1991 Sep 24;30(38):9153-60. [Article]
  20. Alexander RS, Nair SK, Christianson DW: Engineering the hydrophobic pocket of carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 1991 Nov 19;30(46):11064-72. [Article]
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  23. Hakansson K, Carlsson M, Svensson LA, Liljas A: Structure of native and apo carbonic anhydrase II and structure of some of its anion-ligand complexes. J Mol Biol. 1992 Oct 20;227(4):1192-204. [Article]
  24. Hakansson K, Wehnert A: Structure of cobalt carbonic anhydrase complexed with bicarbonate. J Mol Biol. 1992 Dec 20;228(4):1212-8. [Article]
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  26. Nair SK, Christianson DW: Structural consequences of hydrophilic amino acid substitutions in the hydrophobic pocket of human carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 1993 May 4;32(17):4506-14. [Article]
  27. Ippolito JA, Christianson DW: Structure of an engineered His3Cys zinc binding site in human carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 1993 Sep 28;32(38):9901-5. [Article]
  28. Tweedy NB, Nair SK, Paterno SA, Fierke CA, Christianson DW: Structure and energetics of a non-proline cis-peptidyl linkage in a proline-202-->alanine carbonic anhydrase II variant. Biochemistry. 1993 Oct 19;32(41):10944-9. [Article]
  29. Jonsson BM, Hakansson K, Liljas A: The structure of human carbonic anhydrase II in complex with bromide and azide. FEBS Lett. 1993 May 10;322(2):186-90. [Article]
  30. Krebs JF, Ippolito JA, Christianson DW, Fierke CA: Structural and functional importance of a conserved hydrogen bond network in human carbonic anhydrase II. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 25;268(36):27458-66. [Article]
  31. Mangani S, Liljas A: Crystal structure of the complex between human carbonic anhydrase II and the aromatic inhibitor 1,2,4-triazole. J Mol Biol. 1993 Jul 5;232(1):9-14. [Article]
  32. Xue Y, Vidgren J, Svensson LA, Liljas A, Jonsson BH, Lindskog S: Crystallographic analysis of Thr-200-->His human carbonic anhydrase II and its complex with the substrate, HCO3-. Proteins. 1993 Jan;15(1):80-7. [Article]
  33. Xue Y, Liljas A, Jonsson BH, Lindskog S: Structural analysis of the zinc hydroxide-Thr-199-Glu-106 hydrogen-bond network in human carbonic anhydrase II. Proteins. 1993 Sep;17(1):93-106. [Article]
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  40. Boriack PA, Christianson DW, Kingery-Wood J, Whitesides GM: Secondary interactions significantly removed from the sulfonamide binding pocket of carbonic anhydrase II influence inhibitor binding constants. J Med Chem. 1995 Jun 23;38(13):2286-91. [Article]
  41. Ippolito JA, Baird TT Jr, McGee SA, Christianson DW, Fierke CA: Structure-assisted redesign of a protein-zinc-binding site with femtomolar affinity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 23;92(11):5017-21. [Article]
  42. Huang CC, Lesburg CA, Kiefer LL, Fierke CA, Christianson DW: Reversal of the hydrogen bond to zinc ligand histidine-119 dramatically diminishes catalysis and enhances metal equilibration kinetics in carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 1996 Mar 19;35(11):3439-46. [Article]
  43. Scolnick LR, Christianson DW: X-ray crystallographic studies of alanine-65 variants of carbonic anhydrase II reveal the structural basis of compromised proton transfer in catalysis. Biochemistry. 1996 Dec 24;35(51):16429-34. [Article]
  44. Nair SK, Elbaum D, Christianson DW: Unexpected binding mode of the sulfonamide fluorophore 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalene sulfonamide to human carbonic anhydrase II. Implications for the development of a zinc biosensor. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):1003-7. [Article]
  45. Briganti F, Mangani S, Orioli P, Scozzafava A, Vernaglione G, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase activators: X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic investigations for the interaction of isozymes I and II with histamine. Biochemistry. 1997 Aug 26;36(34):10384-92. [Article]
  46. Lesburg CA, Huang C, Christianson DW, Fierke CA: Histidine --> carboxamide ligand substitutions in the zinc binding site of carbonic anhydrase II alter metal coordination geometry but retain catalytic activity. Biochemistry. 1997 Dec 16;36(50):15780-91. [Article]
  47. Stams T, Chen Y, Boriack-Sjodin PA, Hurt JD, Liao J, May JA, Dean T, Laipis P, Silverman DN, Christianson DW: Structures of murine carbonic anhydrase IV and human carbonic anhydrase II complexed with brinzolamide: molecular basis of isozyme-drug discrimination. Protein Sci. 1998 Mar;7(3):556-63. [Article]
  48. Boriack-Sjodin PA, Zeitlin S, Chen HH, Crenshaw L, Gross S, Dantanarayana A, Delgado P, May JA, Dean T, Christianson DW: Structural analysis of inhibitor binding to human carbonic anhydrase II. Protein Sci. 1998 Dec;7(12):2483-9. [Article]
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  50. Guerri A, Briganti F, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, Mangani S: Mechanism of cyanamide hydration catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase II suggested by cryogenic X-ray diffraction. Biochemistry. 2000 Oct 10;39(40):12391-7. [Article]
  51. Cox JD, Hunt JA, Compher KM, Fierke CA, Christianson DW: Structural influence of hydrophobic core residues on metal binding and specificity in carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 2000 Nov 14;39(45):13687-94. [Article]
  52. Duda D, Tu C, Qian M, Laipis P, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman DN, McKenna R: Structural and kinetic analysis of the chemical rescue of the proton transfer function of carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 2001 Feb 13;40(6):1741-8. [Article]
  53. Kim CY, Chandra PP, Jain A, Christianson DW: Fluoroaromatic-fluoroaromatic interactions between inhibitors bound in the crystal lattice of human carbonic anhydrase II. J Am Chem Soc. 2001 Oct 3;123(39):9620-7. [Article]
  54. Recacha R, Costanzo MJ, Maryanoff BE, Chattopadhyay D: Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase II complexed with an anti-convulsant sugar sulphamate. Biochem J. 2002 Feb 1;361(Pt 3):437-41. [Article]
  55. Huang S, Sjoblom B, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Jonsson BH: Organization of an efficient carbonic anhydrase: implications for the mechanism based on structure-function studies of a T199P/C206S mutant. Biochemistry. 2002 Jun 18;41(24):7628-35. [Article]
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  57. Kim CY, Whittington DA, Chang JS, Liao J, May JA, Christianson DW: Structural aspects of isozyme selectivity in the binding of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases II and IV. J Med Chem. 2002 Feb 14;45(4):888-93. [Article]
  58. Gruneberg S, Stubbs MT, Klebe G: Successful virtual screening for novel inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase: strategy and experimental confirmation. J Med Chem. 2002 Aug 15;45(17):3588-602. [Article]
  59. Grzybowski BA, Ishchenko AV, Kim CY, Topalov G, Chapman R, Christianson DW, Whitesides GM, Shakhnovich EI: Combinatorial computational method gives new picomolar ligands for a known enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 5;99(3):1270-3. Epub 2002 Jan 29. [Article]
  60. Duda D, Govindasamy L, Agbandje-McKenna M, Tu C, Silverman DN, McKenna R: The refined atomic structure of carbonic anhydrase II at 1.05 A resolution: implications of chemical rescue of proton transfer. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2003 Jan;59(Pt 1):93-104. Epub 2002 Dec 19. [Article]
  61. Weber A, Casini A, Heine A, Kuhn D, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Klebe G: Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition. J Med Chem. 2004 Jan 29;47(3):550-7. [Article]
  62. Lloyd MD, Pederick RL, Natesh R, Woo LW, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Acharya KR, Potter BV: Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase II at 1.95 A resolution in complex with 667-coumate, a novel anti-cancer agent. Biochem J. 2005 Feb 1;385(Pt 3):715-20. [Article]
  63. Fisher Z, Hernandez Prada JA, Tu C, Duda D, Yoshioka C, An H, Govindasamy L, Silverman DN, McKenna R: Structural and kinetic characterization of active-site histidine as a proton shuttle in catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 2005 Feb 1;44(4):1097-105. [Article]
  64. Lloyd MD, Thiyagarajan N, Ho YT, Woo LW, Sutcliffe OB, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Acharya KR, Potter BV: First crystal structures of human carbonic anhydrase II in complex with dual aromatase-steroid sulfatase inhibitors. Biochemistry. 2005 May 10;44(18):6858-66. [Article]
  65. Temperini C, Scozzafava A, Puccetti L, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase activators: X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of human isozyme II with L-histidine as a platform for the design of stronger activators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Dec 1;15(23):5136-41. Epub 2005 Oct 7. [Article]
  66. Menchise V, De Simone G, Alterio V, Di Fiore A, Pedone C, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: stacking with Phe131 determines active site binding region of inhibitors as exemplified by the X-ray crystal structure of a membrane-impermeant antitumor sulfonamide complexed with isozyme II. J Med Chem. 2005 Sep 8;48(18):5721-7. [Article]
  67. Bhatt D, Tu C, Fisher SZ, Hernandez Prada JA, McKenna R, Silverman DN: Proton transfer in a Thr200His mutant of human carbonic anhydrase II. Proteins. 2005 Nov 1;61(2):239-45. [Article]
  68. Budayova-Spano M, Fisher SZ, Dauvergne MT, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman DN, Myles DA, McKenna R: Production and X-ray crystallographic analysis of fully deuterated human carbonic anhydrase II. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2006 Jan 1;62(Pt 1):6-9. Epub 2005 Dec 16. [Article]
  69. Fisher SZ, Govindasamy L, Boyle N, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman DN, Blackburn GM, McKenna R: X-ray crystallographic studies reveal that the incorporation of spacer groups in carbonic anhydrase inhibitors causes alternate binding modes. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2006 Jul 1;62(Pt 7):618-22. Epub 2006 Jun 10. [Article]
  70. Di Fiore A, Pedone C, D'Ambrosio K, Scozzafava A, De Simone G, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Valdecoxib binds to a different active site region of the human isoform II as compared to the structurally related cyclooxygenase II "selective" inhibitor celecoxib. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Jan 15;16(2):437-42. Epub 2005 Nov 14. [Article]
  71. Temperini C, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: N-hydroxyurea--a versatile zinc binding function in the design of metalloenzyme inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Aug 15;16(16):4316-20. Epub 2006 Jun 12. [Article]
  72. Menchise V, De Simone G, Di Fiore A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: X-ray crystallographic studies for the binding of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide and 5-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluorophenylsulfonamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide to human isoform II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2006 Dec 15;16(24):6204-8. Epub 2006 Sep 26. [Article]
  73. Temperini C, Scozzafava A, Vullo D, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isozymes I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with l- and d-histidine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isoform II: engineering proton-transfer processes within the active site of an enzyme. Chemistry. 2006 Sep 18;12(27):7057-66. [Article]
  74. Jude KM, Banerjee AL, Haldar MK, Manokaran S, Roy B, Mallik S, Srivastava DK, Christianson DW: Ultrahigh resolution crystal structures of human carbonic anhydrases I and II complexed with "two-prong" inhibitors reveal the molecular basis of high affinity. J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Mar 8;128(9):3011-8. [Article]
  75. Alterio V, Vitale RM, Monti SM, Pedone C, Scozzafava A, Cecchi A, De Simone G, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: X-ray and molecular modeling study for the interaction of a fluorescent antitumor sulfonamide with isozyme II and IX. J Am Chem Soc. 2006 Jun 28;128(25):8329-35. [Article]
  76. Temperini C, Scozzafava A, Vullo D, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase activators. Activation of isoforms I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV with L- and D-phenylalanine and crystallographic analysis of their adducts with isozyme II: stereospecific recognition within the active site of an enzyme and its consequences for the drug design. J Med Chem. 2006 May 18;49(10):3019-27. [Article]
  77. De Simone G, Vitale RM, Di Fiore A, Pedone C, Scozzafava A, Montero JL, Winum JY, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Hypoxia-activatable sulfonamides incorporating disulfide bonds that target the tumor-associated isoform IX. J Med Chem. 2006 Sep 7;49(18):5544-51. [Article]
  78. Winum JY, Temperini C, El Cheikh K, Innocenti A, Vullo D, Ciattini S, Montero JL, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: clash with Ala65 as a means for designing inhibitors with low affinity for the ubiquitous isozyme II, exemplified by the crystal structure of the topiramate sulfamide analogue. J Med Chem. 2006 Nov 30;49(24):7024-31. [Article]
  79. Leese MP, Leblond B, Smith A, Newman SP, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Supuran CT, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BV: 2-substituted estradiol bis-sulfamates, multitargeted antitumor agents: synthesis, in vitro SAR, protein crystallography, and in vivo activity. J Med Chem. 2006 Dec 28;49(26):7683-96. [Article]
  80. Kohler K, Hillebrecht A, Schulze Wischeler J, Innocenti A, Heine A, Supuran CT, Klebe G: Saccharin inhibits carbonic anhydrases: possible explanation for its unpleasant metallic aftertaste. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2007;46(40):7697-9. [Article]
  81. Fisher SZ, Maupin CM, Budayova-Spano M, Govindasamy L, Tu C, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman DN, Voth GA, McKenna R: Atomic crystal and molecular dynamics simulation structures of human carbonic anhydrase II: insights into the proton transfer mechanism. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 20;46(11):2930-7. Epub 2007 Feb 24. [Article]
  82. Fisher SZ, Tu C, Bhatt D, Govindasamy L, Agbandje-McKenna M, McKenna R, Silverman DN: Speeding up proton transfer in a fast enzyme: kinetic and crystallographic studies on the effect of hydrophobic amino acid substitutions in the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 2007 Mar 27;46(12):3803-13. Epub 2007 Mar 2. [Article]
  83. Temperini C, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Mastrolorenzo A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase activators: L-Adrenaline plugs the active site entrance of isozyme II, activating better isoforms I, IV, VA, VII, and XIV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Feb 1;17(3):628-35. Epub 2006 Nov 15. [Article]
  84. Di Fiore A, Scozzafava A, Winum JY, Montero JL, Pedone C, Supuran CT, De Simone G: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: binding of an antiglaucoma glycosyl-sulfanilamide derivative to human isoform II and its consequences for the drug design of enzyme inhibitors incorporating sugar moieties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Mar 15;17(6):1726-31. Epub 2007 Jan 8. [Article]
  85. Temperini C, Winum JY, Montero JL, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the X-ray crystal structure of the adduct of N-hydroxysulfamide with isozyme II explains why this new zinc binding function is effective in the design of potent inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 May 15;17(10):2795-801. Epub 2007 Feb 28. [Article]
  86. Alterio V, De Simone G, Monti SM, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: inhibition of human, bacterial, and archaeal isozymes with benzene-1,3-disulfonamides--solution and crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Aug 1;17(15):4201-7. Epub 2007 May 18. [Article]
  87. Temperini C, Innocenti A, Mastrolorenzo A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antiepileptic drug sulthiame with twelve mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Sep 1;17(17):4866-72. Epub 2007 Jun 14. [Article]
  88. Bhatt D, Fisher SZ, Tu C, McKenna R, Silverman DN: Location of binding sites in small molecule rescue of human carbonic anhydrase II. Biophys J. 2007 Jan 15;92(2):562-70. Epub 2006 Oct 27. [Article]
  89. Srivastava DK, Jude KM, Banerjee AL, Haldar M, Manokaran S, Kooren J, Mallik S, Christianson DW: Structural analysis of charge discrimination in the binding of inhibitors to human carbonic anhydrases I and II. J Am Chem Soc. 2007 May 2;129(17):5528-37. Epub 2007 Apr 4. [Article]
  90. Barrese AA 3rd, Genis C, Fisher SZ, Orwenyo JN, Kumara MT, Dutta SK, Phillips E, Kiddle JJ, Tu C, Silverman DN, Govindasamy L, Agbandje-McKenna M, McKenna R, Tripp BC: Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase II by thioxolone: a mechanistic and structural study. Biochemistry. 2008 Mar 11;47(10):3174-84. doi: 10.1021/bi702385k. Epub 2008 Feb 12. [Article]
  91. Zheng J, Avvaru BS, Tu C, McKenna R, Silverman DN: Role of hydrophilic residues in proton transfer during catalysis by human carbonic anhydrase II. Biochemistry. 2008 Nov 18;47(46):12028-36. doi: 10.1021/bi801473w. Epub 2008 Oct 23. [Article]
  92. Guzel O, Temperini C, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Salman A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of 2-(hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-phenyl-1H-indole-5-sulfonamide with 12 mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jan 1;18(1):152-8. Epub 2007 Nov 4. [Article]
  93. Temperini C, Cecchi A, Boyle NA, Scozzafava A, Cabeza JE, Wentworth P Jr, Blackburn GM, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of 2-N,N-dimethylamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-5-methanesulfonamide with 12 mammalian isoforms: kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Feb 1;18(3):999-1005. Epub 2007 Dec 15. [Article]
  94. Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of indapamide and related diuretics with 12 mammalian isozymes and X-ray crystallographic studies for the indapamide-isozyme II adduct. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Apr 15;18(8):2567-73. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.051. Epub 2008 Mar 20. [Article]
  95. Di Fiore A, Pedone C, Antel J, Waldeck H, Witte A, Wurl M, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, De Simone G: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: the X-ray crystal structure of ethoxzolamide complexed to human isoform II reveals the importance of thr200 and gln92 for obtaining tight-binding inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Apr 15;18(8):2669-74. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.023. Epub 2008 Mar 18. [Article]
  96. Temperini C, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Aug 1;18(15):4282-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.105. Epub 2008 Jul 5. [Article]
  97. D'Ambrosio K, Masereel B, Thiry A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, De Simone G: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: binding of indanesulfonamides to the human isoform II. ChemMedChem. 2008 Mar;3(3):473-7. [Article]
  98. Aaron JA, Chambers JM, Jude KM, Di Costanzo L, Dmochowski IJ, Christianson DW: Structure of a 129Xe-cryptophane biosensor complexed with human carbonic anhydrase II. J Am Chem Soc. 2008 Jun 4;130(22):6942-3. doi: 10.1021/ja802214x. Epub 2008 May 8. [Article]
  99. Domsic JF, Avvaru BS, Kim CU, Gruner SM, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman DN, McKenna R: Entrapment of carbon dioxide in the active site of carbonic anhydrase II. J Biol Chem. 2008 Nov 7;283(45):30766-71. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M805353200. Epub 2008 Sep 2. [Article]
  100. Leese MP, Jourdan FL, Gaukroger K, Mahon MF, Newman SP, Foster PA, Stengel C, Regis-Lydi S, Ferrandis E, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Supuran CT, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BV: Structure-activity relationships of C-17 cyano-substituted estratrienes as anticancer agents. J Med Chem. 2008 Mar 13;51(5):1295-308. doi: 10.1021/jm701319c. Epub 2008 Feb 9. [Article]
  101. D'Ambrosio K, Vitale RM, Dogne JM, Masereel B, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, De Simone G, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: bioreductive nitro-containing sulfonamides with selectivity for targeting the tumor associated isoforms IX and XII. J Med Chem. 2008 Jun 12;51(11):3230-7. doi: 10.1021/jm800121c. Epub 2008 May 16. [Article]
  102. Woo LW, Fischer DS, Sharland CM, Trusselle M, Foster PA, Chander SK, Di Fiore A, Supuran CT, De Simone G, Purohit A, Reed MJ, Potter BV: Anticancer steroid sulfatase inhibitors: synthesis of a potent fluorinated second-generation agent, in vitro and in vivo activities, molecular modeling, and protein crystallography. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008 Aug;7(8):2435-44. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0195. [Article]
  103. Genis C, Sippel KH, Case N, Cao W, Avvaru BS, Tartaglia LJ, Govindasamy L, Tu C, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman DN, Rosser CJ, McKenna R: Design of a carbonic anhydrase IX active-site mimic to screen inhibitors for possible anticancer properties. Biochemistry. 2009 Feb 17;48(6):1322-31. doi: 10.1021/bi802035f. [Article]
  104. Avvaru BS, Busby SA, Chalmers MJ, Griffin PR, Venkatakrishnan B, Agbandje-McKenna M, Silverman DN, McKenna R: Apo-human carbonic anhydrase II revisited: implications of the loss of a metal in protein structure, stability, and solvent network. Biochemistry. 2009 Aug 11;48(31):7365-72. doi: 10.1021/bi9007512. [Article]
  105. Crocetti L, Maresca A, Temperini C, Hall RA, Scozzafava A, Muhlschlegel FA, Supuran CT: A thiabendazole sulfonamide shows potent inhibitory activity against mammalian and nematode alpha-carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Mar 1;19(5):1371-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.01.038. Epub 2009 Jan 19. [Article]
  106. Maresca A, Temperini C, Vu H, Pham NB, Poulsen SA, Scozzafava A, Quinn RJ, Supuran CT: Non-zinc mediated inhibition of carbonic anhydrases: coumarins are a new class of suicide inhibitors. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Mar 4;131(8):3057-62. doi: 10.1021/ja809683v. [Article]
  107. Temperini C, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Comparison of chlorthalidone and indapamide X-ray crystal structures in adducts with isozyme II: when three water molecules and the keto-enol tautomerism make the difference. J Med Chem. 2009 Jan 22;52(2):322-8. doi: 10.1021/jm801386n. [Article]
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  109. Lopez M, Paul B, Hofmann A, Morizzi J, Wu QK, Charman SA, Innocenti A, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Poulsen SA: S-glycosyl primary sulfonamides--a new structural class for selective inhibition of cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases. J Med Chem. 2009 Oct 22;52(20):6421-32. doi: 10.1021/jm900914e. [Article]
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Drug Relations

Drug Relations
DrugBank IDNameDrug groupPharmacological action?ActionsDetails
DB00869DorzolamideapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB01031Ethinamateapproved, illicit, withdrawnyesinhibitorDetails
DB00232MethyclothiazidewithdrawnunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00273TopiramateapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB00436BendroflumethiazideapprovedunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00562BenzthiazideapprovedunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00606CyclothiazideapprovedunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00774Hydroflumethiazideapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00880Chlorothiazideapproved, vet_approvedyesinhibitorDetails
DB01021Trichlormethiazideapproved, vet_approvedunknowninhibitorDetails
DB01194BrinzolamideapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB01671p-Hydroxymercuribenzoic acidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB01748N-Benzyl-4-Sulfamoyl-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB017844-FlourobenzenesulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB01942Formic acidexperimental, investigationalunknownDetails
DB01964AL5424experimentalunknownDetails
DB02069N-(2-Flouro-Benzyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB020873,5-DifluorobenzenesulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02220AL7089AexperimentalunknownDetails
DB022214-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,4,6-Trifluorophenyl)Methyl]-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02292IrosustatinvestigationalunknownDetails
DB024294-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(4-Fluorophenyl)Methyl]-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02479(R)-N-(3-Indol-1-Yl-2-Methyl-Propyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02535Aminodi(Ethyloxy)EthylaminocarbonylbenzenesulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02602AL7182experimentalunknownDetails
DB02610N-(2,3,4,5,6-Pentaflouro-Benzyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02679CyanamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB028614-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(3,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)Methyl]-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02866DansylamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02894Sulfamic Acid 2,3-O-(1-Methylethylidene)-4,5-O-Sulfonyl-Beta-Fructopyranose EsterexperimentalunknownDetails
DB02986N-(2-Thienylmethyl)-2,5-ThiophenedisulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB030394-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,5-Difluorophenyl)Methyl]-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03221AL7099AexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03262Al-6619, [2h-Thieno[3,2-E]-1,2-Thiazine-6-Sulfonamide,2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-Morpholinyl)-, 1,1-Dioxide]experimentalunknownDetails
DB032702,6-DifluorobenzenesulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB032941-Methyl-3-Oxo-1,3-Dihydro-Benzo[C]Isothiazole-5-Sulfonic Acid AmideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03333(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-thiocarbamic acid O-(2-thiophen-3-yl-ethyl) esterexperimentalunknownDetails
DB033854-MethylimidazoleexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03526AL5927experimentalunknownDetails
DB035941,2,4-TriazoleexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03596N-[2-(1h-Indol-5-Yl)-Butyl]-4-Sulfamoyl-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03598Al-6629, [2h-Thieno[3,2-E]-1,2-Thiazine-6-Sulfonamide,2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-Morpholinyl)-, 1,1-Dioxide]experimentalunknownDetails
DB036974-Sulfonamide-[1-(4-Aminobutane)]BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03844N-(2,6-Diflouro-Benzyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03877AL-4623experimentalunknownDetails
DB03904Ureaapproved, investigationalunknownDetails
DB03950(S)-N-(3-Indol-1-Yl-2-Methyl-Propyl)-4-Sulfamoyl-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB03975Mercuribenzoic AcidexperimentalunknownDetails
DB040024-Sulfonamide-[4-(Thiomethylaminobutane)]BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB04081(4s-Trans)-4-(Methylamino)-5,6-Dihydro-6-Methyl-4h-Thieno(2,3-B)Thiopyran-2-Sulfonamide-7,7-DioxideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB04089AL5300experimentalunknownDetails
DB041804-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,4-Difluorophenyl)Methyl]-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB042033-Mercuri-4-AminobenzenesulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB04371AL6528experimentalunknownDetails
DB043943-Nitro-4-(2-Oxo-Pyrrolidin-1-Yl)-BenzenesulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB045494-(Aminosulfonyl)-N-[(2,3,4-Trifluorophenyl)Methyl]-BenzamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB01325QuinethazoneapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB046004-[(3-BROMO-4-O-SULFAMOYLBENZYL)(4-CYANOPHENYL)AMINO]-4H-[1,2,4]-TRIAZOLEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB046014-[(4-O-SULFAMOYLBENZYL)(4-CYANOPHENYL)AMINO]-4H-[1,2,4]-TRIAZOLEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB047631-N-(4-SULFAMOYLPHENYL-ETHYL)-2,4,6-TRIMETHYLPYRIDINIUMexperimentalunknownDetails
DB00909Zonisamideapproved, investigationalunknowninhibitorDetails
DB068915-{[(4-AMINO-3-CHLORO-5-FLUOROPHENYL)SULFONYL]AMINO}-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE-2-SULFONAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB069542-(cycloheptylmethyl)-1,1-dioxido-1-benzothiophen-6-yl sulfamateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07048N-[(2R)-5-(aminosulfonyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl]-2-propylpentanamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB070505-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07363THIOPHENE-2,5-DISULFONIC ACID 2-AMIDE-5-(4-METHYL-BENZYLAMIDE)experimentalunknownDetails
DB07467(S)-IndapamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07476N-[4-(AMINOSULFONYL)PHENYL]-2-MERCAPTOBENZAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07596(17beta)-17-(cyanomethyl)-2-methoxyestra-1(10),2,4-trien-3-yl sulfamateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB076325-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07710PHENYLALANYLAMINODI(ETHYLOXY)ETHYL BENZENESULFONAMIDEAMINOCARBONYLBENZENESULFONAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB07742N-(2,3-DIFLUORO-BENZYL)-4-SULFAMOYL-BENZAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB080462-chloro-5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-2H-isoindol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB080832-(1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-sulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08155N-{2-[4-(AMINOSULFONYL)PHENYL]ETHYL}ACETAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB081563-[4-(AMINOSULFONYL)PHENYL]PROPANOIC ACIDexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08157ETHYL 3-[4-(AMINOSULFONYL)PHENYL]PROPANOATEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08165indane-5-sulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB082024-({[(4-METHYLPIPERAZIN-1-YL)AMINO]CARBONOTHIOYL}AMINO)BENZENESULFONAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08301N-({[4-(AMINOSULFONYL)PHENYL]AMINO}CARBONYL)-4-METHYLBENZENESULFONAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08329SulthiameapprovedunknownDetails
DB08416(9BETA,13ALPHA,14BETA,17ALPHA)-2-METHOXYESTRA-1,3,5(10)-TRIENE-3,17-DIYL DISULFAMATEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB08418(4aS,4bR,10bS,12aS)-12a-methyl-1,3-dioxo-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,10b,11,12,12a-dodecahydronaphtho[2,1-f]isoquinolin-8-yl sulfamateexperimentalunknownDetails
DB086456-CHLORO-3-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-1,2,4-BENZOTHIADIAZINE-7-SULFONAMIDE 1,1-DIOXIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB086592-(hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-phenyl-1H-indole-5-sulfonamideexperimentalunknownDetails
DB087656-HYDROXY-1,3-BENZOTHIAZOLE-2-SULFONAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB087824-(2-AMINOETHYL)BENZENESULFONAMIDEexperimentalunknownDetails
DB00819Acetazolamideapproved, vet_approvedyesinhibitorDetails
DB00311EthoxzolamidewithdrawnyesinhibitorDetails
DB00703MethazolamideapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB01144Diclofenamideapproved, investigationalyesinhibitorDetails
DB00695Furosemideapproved, vet_approvednoinhibitorDetails
DB08846Ellagic acidinvestigationalunknowninhibitorDetails
DB09460Sodium carbonateapprovedunknowninhibitorDetails
DB09472Sodium sulfateapproved, vet_approvedyesinhibitorDetails
DB00482Celecoxibapproved, investigationalunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00391Sulpirideapproved, investigationalunknowninhibitorDetails
DB00580Valdecoxibapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknowninhibitorDetails
DB14533Zinc chlorideapproved, investigationalunknowncofactorDetails
DB14548Zinc sulfate, unspecified formapproved, experimentalunknowncofactorDetails
DB00562BenzthiazideapprovedyesinhibitorDetails
DB00606CyclothiazideapprovedyesinhibitorDetails