Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Celecoxib is an NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, menstrual symptoms, and to reduce polyps is familial adenomatous polyposis.
- Brand Names
- Celebrex, Elyxyb, Seglentis
- Generic Name
- Celecoxib
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00482
- Background
Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is known for its decreased risk of causing gastrointestinal bleeding compared to other NSAIDS.16 It is used to manage symptoms of various types of arthritis pain and in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) to reduce precancerous polyps in the colon.15 It is marketed by Pfizer under the brand name Celebrex, and was initially granted FDA approval in 1998.27
Interestingly, selective COX-2 inhibitors (especially celecoxib), have been evaluated as potential cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic drugs in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies.7
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Celecoxib (DB00482)
- Weight
- Average: 381.372
Monoisotopic: 381.075882012 - Chemical Formula
- C17H14F3N3O2S
- Synonyms
- Celecoxib
- Célécoxib
- Celecoxibum
- p-(5-p-Tolyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide
- External IDs
- SC 58635
- YM 177
Pharmacology
- Indication
Celecoxib is indicated for symptomatic treatment of adult osteoarthritis (OA) and adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA).31 Celecoxib is not a substitute for aspirin for cardiovascular event prophylaxis.31
It may be also be used to treat acute pain from various sources, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children over 2, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary dysmenorrhea.31
Celecoxib, in combination with tramadol, is indicated for the management of acute pain in adults severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and in whom alternative treatments are inadequate.33
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Management of Acute pain •••••••••••• ••••• Management of Ankylosing spondylitis (as) •••••••••••• Management of Osteoarthritis (oa) •••••••••••• Management of Primary dysmenorrhoea •••••••••••• Management of Rheumatoid arthritis •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Celecoxib inhibits cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme, reducing pain and inflammation. It is important to note that though the risk of bleeding with celecoxib is lower than with certain other NSAIDS, it exists nonetheless and caution must be observed when it is administered to those with a high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.28
A note on the risk of cardiovascular events
Significant concerns regarding the safety of COX-2 selective NSAIDs emerged in the early 2000s. Rofecoxib, another member of the COX-2 inhibitor drug class, also known as Vioxx, was withdrawn from the market due to prothrombotic cardiovascular risks.30 Following an FDA Advisory Committee meeting in 2005, in which data from large clinical outcome trials were evaluated, the FDA concluded that the risk for cardiovascular thrombotic events for both COX-2 selective NSAIDs and nonselective NSAIDs was evident.23 It was determined that the benefits of celecoxib treatment, however, outweighed the risks.30 Postmarketing cardiovascular outcomes trial (PRECISION) revealed that the lowest possible dose of celecoxib was similar in cardiovascular safety to moderate strength doses of both naproxen and ibuprofen. Patients who had previous cardiovascular events including acute MI, coronary revascularization, or coronary stent insertion were not evaluated in the trial. It is not advisable to administer NSAIDS to these groups of patients.23
- Mechanism of action
Unlike most NSAIDs, which inhibit both types of cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2), celecoxib is a selective noncompetitive inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme. COX-2 is expressed heavily in inflamed tissues where it is induced by inflammatory mediators.31 The inhibition of this enzyme reduces the synthesis of metabolites that include prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostacyclin (PGI2), thromboxane (TXA2), prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2). Resultant inhibition of these mediators leads to the alleviation of pain and inflammation.7,31
By inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause mucosal damage, ulceration and ulcer complication throughout the gastrointestinal tract.31 Celecoxib poses less of an ulceration risk than other NSAIDS, owing to its decreased effect on gastric mucosal prostaglandin synthesis when compared to placebo.8
Celecoxib exerts anticancer effects by binding to the cadherin-11 (CDH11)protein, which is thought to be involved in the progression of tumors, and inhibiting the 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK-1) signaling mechanism.22,17 In addition, celecoxib has been found to inhibit carbonic anhydrase enzymes 2 and 3, further enhancing its anticancer effects.18,19
As mentioned in the pharmacodynamics section of this drug entry, celecoxib may cause an increased risk of thrombotic events. The risk of thrombosis resulting from COX-2 inhibition is caused by the vasoconstricting actions of thromboxane A2, leading to enhanced platelet aggregation, which is uncontrolled when the actions of prostacyclin, a platelet aggregation inhibitor, are suppressed through the inhibition of COX-2.30
Target Actions Organism AProstaglandin G/H synthase 2 inhibitorHumans ASignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitorHumans ASialidase-1 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 2 inhibitorHumans UCarbonic anhydrase 3 inhibitorHumans UCadherin-11 inhibitorHumans U3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Celecoxib is absorbed rapidly in the gastrointestinal tract.7 When a single oral dose of 200 mg was given to healthy research subjects, the peak plasma levels of celecoxib occurred within 3 hours.7,31 The Cmax is 705 ng/mL.25 When multiple doses are given, steady-state concentrations are reached on or before day 5. When taken with a high-fat meal, peak plasma levels are delayed for about 1 to 2 hours with an increase in total absorption (AUC) of 10% to 20%.31 The AUC of celecoxib has been shown to be significantly lower in patients with chronic renal impairment.12,31 A meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies has suggested an approximately 40% higher AUC (area under the curve) of celecoxib in black patients compared to Caucasians for unknown reasons.25
- Volume of distribution
The apparent volume of distribution of celecoxib at steady state (Vss/F) is about 429 L25, which suggests wide distribution into various tissues. Celecoxib is not preferentially bound to red blood cells.31 Another resource reports a volume of distribution of 455 ± 166L.12
- Protein binding
The protein binding of celecoxib is 97%, and it is primarily bound to albumin.12,31
- Metabolism
A large part of celecoxib metabolism is mediated by cytochrome P450 2C9 in the liver with some contribution from CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 and possible contributions from CYP2D6.7,21,20,22 It is metabolized by biotransformation to carboxylic acid and glucuronide metabolites.12 Three metabolites, a primary alcohol, a carboxylic acid, and a glucuronide conjugate, have been found in human plasma after celecoxib administration.7 These are considered inactive metabolites in regards to COX enzyme inhibition. Patients who are known or suspected to have decreased cytochrome P450 2C9 activity or function, based on their previous history, should be administered celecoxib with caution as they may have abnormally high serum concentrations resulting from decreased metabolism celecoxib.31
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- Route of elimination
Celecoxib is primarily eliminated by hepatic metabolism with small amounts (<3%) of the unchanged drug found in both the urine and feces.12 About 57% of an oral dose of celecoxib is excreted in the feces and 27% is found to be excreted into the urine in the form of metabolites. The main metabolite in urine and feces is identified as the carboxylic acid metabolite (73%). The amount of glucuronide in the urine is reported to be low.31
- Half-life
The effective half-life of celecoxib is approximately 11 hours when a single 200 mg dose is given to healthy subjects.25,31 The terminal half-life of celecoxib varies because of its low solubility, which prolongs absorption.31
- Clearance
Apparent clearance (CL/F), single oral 200 mg dose, healthy subjects = 27.7 L/hr.31 Clearance may be decreased by about 47% in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, according to a pharmacokinetic study. Studies have not been performed in patients with severe renal impairment.31
- Adverse Effects
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The oral TDLo in humans 5.71 mg/kg.29
It is not advisable to administer celecoxib in patients with renal impairment or advanced hepatic impairment, as this may lead to increased serum concentrations, causing toxicity.31 Symptoms of overdose may include breathing difficulties, coma, drowsiness, gastrointestinal bleeding, high blood pressure, kidney failure, nausea, sluggishness, stomach pain, and vomiting.23 Because serious gastrointestinal tract ulceration and bleeding can occur without preceding symptoms, patients should be monitored for signs/symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding. Symptomatic and supportive measures should be taken in a celecoxib overdose. The induction of emesis or administration of active charcoal should take place if the patient is seen within 4 hours of celecoxib ingestion. Diuresis, urinary alkalinization, hemodialysis, or hemoperfusion may not be useful in a celecoxib overdose due to its high level of protein binding.31
- Pathways
Pathway Category Celecoxib Action Pathway Drug action Celecoxib Metabolism Pathway Drug metabolism - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/Enzyme Allele name Genotype(s) Defining Change(s) Type(s) Description Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*3 (C;C) / (A;C) C Allele Effect Directly Studied Patients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of celecoxib. Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*6 Not Available 818delA Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*15 Not Available 485C>A Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*25 Not Available 353_362delAGAAATGGAA Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*35 Not Available 374G>T / 430C>T Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*2 Not Available 430C>T Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*4 Not Available 1076T>C Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*5 Not Available 1080C>G Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*8 Not Available 449G>A Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*11 Not Available 1003C>T Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*12 Not Available 1465C>T Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*13 Not Available 269T>C Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*14 Not Available 374G>A Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*16 Not Available 895A>G Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*18 Not Available 1075A>C / 1190A>C … show all Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*26 Not Available 389C>G Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*28 Not Available 641A>T Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*30 Not Available 1429G>A Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details Cytochrome P450 2C9 CYP2C9*33 Not Available 395G>A Effect Inferred Poor drug metabolizer, lower dose requirements Details
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Celecoxib may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abametapir The serum concentration of Celecoxib can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Celecoxib can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abciximab The risk or severity of bleeding and hemorrhage can be increased when Celecoxib is combined with Abciximab. Abemaciclib Abemaciclib may decrease the excretion rate of Celecoxib which could result in a higher serum level. - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol. Alcohol increases the risk of gastrointestinal irritation.
- Avoid multivalent ions. Separate the administration of aluminum and magnesium containing drugs by several hours.
- Take with or without food. Doses up to 200 mg can be taken without regard to food, but doses of 400mg or higher should be taken with food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Articox (Keyfarm) / Articoxib (Nabiqasim) / Artiflex (Standpharm) / Artilog (Pfizer) / Artix (Pharmalab) / Artrixib (Intipharma) / Blockten (Infarmasa) / Caditar (Farmindustria) / Cefinix (Farmacoop) / Celact (Sun) / Celebra (Pfizer) / Valdyne (Pfizer)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Act Celecoxib Capsule 200 mg Oral TEVA Canada Limited 2014-11-21 2022-07-29 Canada 
Act Celecoxib Capsule 100 mg Oral TEVA Canada Limited 2014-11-21 2022-07-29 Canada Celebrex Capsule 200 mg/1 Oral PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 1998-10-02 Not applicable US 
Celebrex Capsule 200 mg/1 Oral A S Medication Solutions 1999-01-25 2009-09-02 US 
Celebrex Capsule 200 mg/1 Oral Stat Rx USA 1998-10-02 Not applicable US 
- Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Accel-celecoxib Capsule 200 mg Oral Accel Pharma Inc 2015-03-26 2018-04-20 Canada Accel-celecoxib Capsule 100 mg Oral Accel Pharma Inc 2015-03-26 2018-04-20 Canada Ag-celecoxib Capsule 200 mg Oral Angita Pharma Inc. 2018-06-22 Not applicable Canada Ag-celecoxib Capsule 100 mg Oral Angita Pharma Inc. 2018-06-22 Not applicable Canada Apo-celecoxib Capsule 200 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 2014-11-17 Not applicable Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Consensi Celecoxib (200 mg/1) + Amlodipine besylate (5 mg/1) Tablet Oral Burke Therapeutics, LLC 2019-12-17 2022-12-31 US Consensi Celecoxib (200 mg/1) + Amlodipine besylate (2.5 mg/1) Tablet Oral Burke Therapeutics, LLC 2019-12-17 2022-12-31 US Consensi Celecoxib (200 mg/1) + Amlodipine besylate (10 mg/1) Tablet Oral Burke Therapeutics, LLC 2019-12-17 2022-12-31 US Seglentis Celecoxib (56 mg/1) + Tramadol hydrochloride (44 mg/1) Tablet Oral Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Inc. 2022-01-01 2025-01-31 US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Capxib Celecoxib (200 mg/1) + Capsaicin (0.0375 mg/1) + Menthol (50 mg/1) Kit Oral; Topical Mas Management Group 2016-04-08 2018-01-01 US LidoXib Celecoxib (200 mg/1) + Lidocaine (40 mg/1g) + Menthol (10 mg/1g) Kit Oral Mas Management Group 2015-06-03 2018-01-01 US NuDroxiPAK Celecoxib (200 mg/1) + Capsaicin (0.25 mg/1mL) + Menthol (60 mg/1mL) + Methyl salicylate (250 mg/1mL) Capsule; Kit; Liquid Oral; Topical Nucare Pharmaceuticals,inc. 2018-02-08 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N02AJ16 — Tramadol and celecoxib
- N02AJ — Opioids in combination with non-opioid analgesics
- N02A — OPIOIDS
- N02 — ANALGESICS
- N — NERVOUS SYSTEM
- M01AH — Coxibs
- M01A — ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC PRODUCTS, NON-STEROIDS
- M01 — ANTIINFLAMMATORY AND ANTIRHEUMATIC PRODUCTS
- M — MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
- G01AE — Sulfonamides
- G01A — ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
- G01 — GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- L01XX — Other antineoplastic agents
- L01X — OTHER ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
- L01 — ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
- L — ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNOMODULATING AGENTS
- Drug Categories
- Agents causing hyperkalemia
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Amides
- Analgesics
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
- Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products
- Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Products, Non-Steroids
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Antirheumatic Agents
- BCRP/ABCG2 Substrates
- Benzene Derivatives
- Benzenesulfonamides
- BSEP/ABCB11 Inhibitors
- Central Nervous System Agents
- COX-2 Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
- Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs causing inadvertant photosensitivity
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Methemoglobinemia Associated Agents
- Musculo-Skeletal System
- Nephrotoxic agents
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Photosensitizing Agents
- Pyrazoles
- Selective Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors (NSAIDs)
- Sensory System Agents
- Sulfonamides
- Sulfones
- Sulfur Compounds
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrazoles. These are compounds containing a phenylpyrazole skeleton, which consists of a pyrazole bound to a phenyl group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Azoles
- Sub Class
- Pyrazoles
- Direct Parent
- Phenylpyrazoles
- Alternative Parents
- Benzenesulfonamides / Benzenesulfonyl compounds / Toluenes / Organosulfonamides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Aminosulfonyl compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Organofluorides show 3 more
- Substituents
- Alkyl fluoride / Alkyl halide / Aminosulfonyl compound / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenesulfonamide / Benzenesulfonyl group / Benzenoid / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative show 15 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- organofluorine compound, pyrazoles, sulfonamide (CHEBI:41423)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- JCX84Q7J1L
- CAS number
- 169590-42-5
- InChI Key
- RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H14F3N3O2S/c1-11-2-4-12(5-3-11)15-10-16(17(18,19)20)22-23(15)13-6-8-14(9-7-13)26(21,24)25/h2-10H,1H3,(H2,21,24,25)
- IUPAC Name
- 4-[5-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzene-1-sulfonamide
- SMILES
- CC1=CC=C(C=C1)C1=CC(=NN1C1=CC=C(C=C1)S(N)(=O)=O)C(F)(F)F
References
- Synthesis Reference
- US5466823
- General References
- Malhotra S, Shafiq N, Pandhi P: COX-2 inhibitors: a CLASS act or Just VIGORously promoted. MedGenMed. 2004 Mar 23;6(1):6. [Article]
- Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, Simon LS, Pincus T, Whelton A, Makuch R, Eisen G, Agrawal NM, Stenson WF, Burr AM, Zhao WW, Kent JD, Lefkowith JB, Verburg KM, Geis GS: Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA. 2000 Sep 13;284(10):1247-55. [Article]
- Solomon SD, McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA, Wittes J, Fowler R, Finn P, Anderson WF, Zauber A, Hawk E, Bertagnolli M: Cardiovascular risk associated with celecoxib in a clinical trial for colorectal adenoma prevention. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1071-80. Epub 2005 Feb 15. [Article]
- Yelland MJ, Nikles CJ, McNairn N, Del Mar CB, Schluter PJ, Brown RM: Celecoxib compared with sustained-release paracetamol for osteoarthritis: a series of n-of-1 trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007 Jan;46(1):135-40. Epub 2006 Jun 15. [Article]
- Bertagnolli MM, Eagle CJ, Zauber AG, Redston M, Solomon SD, Kim K, Tang J, Rosenstein RB, Wittes J, Corle D, Hess TM, Woloj GM, Boisserie F, Anderson WF, Viner JL, Bagheri D, Burn J, Chung DC, Dewar T, Foley TR, Hoffman N, Macrae F, Pruitt RE, Saltzman JR, Salzberg B, Sylwestrowicz T, Gordon GB, Hawk ET: Celecoxib for the prevention of sporadic colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 31;355(9):873-84. [Article]
- Sandberg M, Yasar U, Stromberg P, Hoog JO, Eliasson E: Oxidation of celecoxib by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2C9 and alcohol dehydrogenase. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Oct;54(4):423-9. [Article]
- Gong L, Thorn CF, Bertagnolli MM, Grosser T, Altman RB, Klein TE: Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Apr;22(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834f94cb. [Article]
- Hawkey CJ: COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2001 Oct;15(5):801-20. doi: 10.1053/bega.2001.0236. [Article]
- Gwee KA, Goh V, Lima G, Setia S: Coprescribing proton-pump inhibitors with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: risks versus benefits. J Pain Res. 2018 Feb 14;11:361-374. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S156938. eCollection 2018. [Article]
- Chan FKL, Ching JYL, Tse YK, Lam K, Wong GLH, Ng SC, Lee V, Au KWL, Cheong PK, Suen BY, Chan H, Kee KM, Lo A, Wong VWS, Wu JCY, Kyaw MH: Gastrointestinal safety of celecoxib versus naproxen in patients with cardiothrombotic diseases and arthritis after upper gastrointestinal bleeding (CONCERN): an industry-independent, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised trial. Lancet. 2017 Jun 17;389(10087):2375-2382. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30981-9. Epub 2017 Apr 11. [Article]
- Davies NM, McLachlan AJ, Day RO, Williams KM: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of celecoxib: a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Mar;38(3):225-42. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200038030-00003. [Article]
- Ahmad SR, Kortepeter C, Brinker A, Chen M, Beitz J: Renal failure associated with the use of celecoxib and rofecoxib. Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):537-44. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200225070-00007. [Article]
- Daniels S, Robbins J, West CR, Nemeth MA: Celecoxib in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea: results from two randomized, double-blind, active- and placebo-controlled, crossover studies. Clin Ther. 2009 Jun;31(6):1192-208. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.06.003. [Article]
- Frampton JE, Keating GM: Celecoxib: a review of its use in the management of arthritis and acute pain. Drugs. 2007;67(16):2433-72. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200767160-00008. [Article]
- Chen QW, Zhang XM, Zhou JN, Zhou X, Ma GJ, Zhu M, Zhang YY, Yu J, Feng JF, Chen SQ: Analysis of Small Fragment Deletions of the APC gene in Chinese Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, a Precancerous Condition. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015;16(12):4915-20. doi: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4915. [Article]
- Shin S: Safety of celecoxib versus traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in older patients with arthritis. J Pain Res. 2018 Dec 14;11:3211-3219. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S186000. eCollection 2018. [Article]
- Zhu J, Huang JW, Tseng PH, Yang YT, Fowble J, Shiau CW, Shaw YJ, Kulp SK, Chen CS: From the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib to a novel class of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;64(12):4309-18. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-4063. [Article]
- Weber A, Casini A, Heine A, Kuhn D, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Klebe G: Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition. J Med Chem. 2004 Jan 29;47(3):550-7. [Article]
- Nishimori I, Minakuchi T, Onishi S, Vullo D, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Dec 1;15(23):7229-36. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [Article]
- Daily EB, Aquilante CL: Cytochrome P450 2C8 pharmacogenetics: a review of clinical studies. Pharmacogenomics. 2009 Sep;10(9):1489-510. doi: 10.2217/pgs.09.82. [Article]
- Siu YA, Hao MH, Dixit V, Lai WG: Celecoxib is a substrate of CYP2D6: Impact on celecoxib metabolism in individuals with CYP2C9*3 variants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2018 Oct;33(5):219-227. doi: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 19. [Article]
- Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
- FDA drug safety, June 28 2018 [Link]
- Medscape drug reference [Link]
- Pfizer Medical Information [Link]
- Medicines UK, Celebrex 200mg capsule [Link]
- FDA approvals, Celebrex [Link]
- Bpac NZ: Celecoxib [Link]
- CaymanChem: Celecoxib MSDS [Link]
- US Pharmacist: Cardiovascular risk associated with NSAIDS and COX2 inhibitors [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: CELEBREX (celecoxib) oral capsules [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: ELYXYB (celecoxib) solution [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: SEGLENTIS (celecoxib and tramadol hydrochloride) tablets [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0005014
- KEGG Drug
- D00567
- KEGG Compound
- C07589
- PubChem Compound
- 2662
- PubChem Substance
- 46505596
- ChemSpider
- 2562
- BindingDB
- 11639
- 140587
- ChEBI
- 41423
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL118
- ZINC
- ZINC000002570895
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000737
- PharmGKB
- PA448871
- PDBe Ligand
- CEL
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Celecoxib
- PDB Entries
- 1oq5 / 3ln1 / 4fim / 5jw1 / 7zej
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available Acute Non-specific Low Back Pain 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Breast Cancer 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Celecoxib / Functioning / Minimally Invasive Total Knee Arthroplasty / Pain Management 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Healthy Volunteers (HV) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Gd searle llc
- Packagers
- 4uOrtho LLC
- Apotheca Inc.
- AQ Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Blenheim Pharmacal
- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- Cardinal Health
- Direct Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- GD Searle LLC
- H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
- Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
- Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pfizer Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Prepackage Specialists
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- Redpharm Drug
- Resource Optimization and Innovation LLC
- Sandhills Packaging Inc.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
- Stat Rx Usa
- Vangard Labs Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Kit Oral; Topical Capsule Oral 100 mg/1 Capsule Oral 200 mg/1 Capsule Oral Tablet Oral 200 mg/1 Capsule, coated Oral 100 mg Capsule Oral 400 mg/1 Capsule Oral 50 mg/1 Capsule Oral 100 MG Capsule Oral 200.000 mg Capsule; kit Oral 100 mg/1 Capsule, liquid filled Oral 100 mg Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 200.00 mg Solution Oral 25 mg/1mL Liquid Oral 120 mg/4.8mL Capsule, coated Oral 200 mg Kit Oral Capsule, coated Oral 20 mg Capsule; kit; liquid Oral; Topical Capsule Oral 200 mg Tablet, coated Oral 200 mg Tablet, coated Oral 100 mg Capsule Oral 200 mg/capsule Capsule Oral 100.00 MG Capsule Oral 200.00 MG Capsule Oral 100.000 mg Capsule Oral 400 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Celebrex 400 mg capsule 6.78USD capsule Celebrex 200 mg capsule 4.52USD capsule Celebrex 100 mg capsule 2.75USD capsule Celebrex 50 mg capsule 1.26USD capsule DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5972986 No 1999-10-26 2018-04-14 US CA2267186 No 2002-05-14 2017-10-14 Canada CA2177576 No 1999-10-26 2014-11-14 Canada US9662315 No 2017-05-30 2030-02-28 US US10350171 No 2019-07-16 2038-06-14 US US9949990 No 2018-04-24 2036-05-27 US US9795620 No 2017-10-24 2036-05-27 US US9572819 No 2017-02-21 2036-05-27 US US10376527 No 2019-08-13 2036-05-27 US US10722456 No 2020-07-28 2036-05-27 US US9408837 No 2016-08-09 2030-02-28 US US10799517 No 2020-10-13 2036-05-27 US US10925835 No 2021-02-23 2038-06-14 US US10945960 No 2021-03-16 2038-06-14 US US10238668 No 2019-03-26 2030-04-19 US US10548909 No 2020-02-04 2030-04-19 US US9012440 No 2015-04-21 2030-04-19 US US8846744 No 2014-09-30 2031-06-03 US US8598152 No 2013-12-03 2030-04-19 US US10245276 No 2019-04-02 2030-04-19 US US11478488 No 2010-04-19 2030-04-19 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 157-159 https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?C251000 boiling point (°C) 529.0±60.0 http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2562.html water solubility Poorly soluble https://www.lclabs.com/products/c-1502-celecoxib logP 3.53 https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/drugbank/msds/DB00482.pdf?1530223672 Caco2 permeability 13 https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/10717544.2014.916767 pKa 11.1 https://www.pfizermedicalinformation.com/en-us/celebrex/description - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00503 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.99 ALOGPS logP 4.01 Chemaxon logS -4.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 10.6 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -0.41 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 77.98 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 92.23 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 35.2 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 3 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9713 Caco-2 permeable + 0.8866 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.9287 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8619 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.792 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8582 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.6237 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8919 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5751 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.7805 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.6172 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8594 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.7169 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.7959 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.7392 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7185 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7905 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 2.3719 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9856 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8419
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 193.5309571 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 194.2210087 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 182.02634 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 194.6850571 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 195.8725328 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 184.38432 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 193.8921571 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 211.1140236 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 191.46602 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:19540099, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Sigthorsson G, Simpson RJ, Walley M, Anthony A, Foster R, Hotz-Behoftsitz C, Palizban A, Pombo J, Watts J, Morham SG, Bjarnason I: COX-1 and 2, intestinal integrity, and pathogenesis of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug enteropathy in mice. Gastroenterology. 2002 Jun;122(7):1913-23. [Article]
- Scheiman JM: Outcomes studies of the gastrointestinal safety of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. Cleve Clin J Med. 2002;69 Suppl 1:SI40-6. [Article]
- Reddy BS, Rao CV: Novel approaches for colon cancer prevention by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2002;21(2):155-64. [Article]
- Ahmad SR, Kortepeter C, Brinker A, Chen M, Beitz J: Renal failure associated with the use of celecoxib and rofecoxib. Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):537-44. doi: 10.2165/00002018-200225070-00007. [Article]
- Lu S, Zhang X, Badawi AF, El-Sohemy A, Archer MC: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib inhibits promotion of mammary tumorigenesis in rats fed a high fat diet rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Cancer Lett. 2002 Oct 8;184(1):7-12. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: CELEBREX (celecoxib) oral capsules [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interleukins, KITLG/SCF, LEP and other growth factors (PubMed:10688651, PubMed:12359225, PubMed:12873986, PubMed:15194700, PubMed:15653507, PubMed:16285960, PubMed:17344214, PubMed:18242580, PubMed:18782771, PubMed:22306293, PubMed:23084476, PubMed:28262505, PubMed:32929201). Once activated, recruits coactivators, such as NCOA1 or MED1, to the promoter region of the target gene (PubMed:15653507, PubMed:16285960, PubMed:17344214, PubMed:18782771, PubMed:28262505, PubMed:32929201). May mediate cellular responses to activated FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4 (PubMed:12873986). Upon activation of IL6ST/gp130 signaling by interleukin-6 (IL6), binds to the IL6-responsive elements identified in the promoters of various acute-phase protein genes (PubMed:12359225). Activated by IL31 through IL31RA (PubMed:15194700). Acts as a regulator of inflammatory response by regulating differentiation of naive CD4(+) T-cells into T-helper Th17 or regulatory T-cells (Treg): acetylation promotes its transcription activity and cell differentiation while deacetylation and oxidation of lysine residues by LOXL3 inhibits differentiation (PubMed:28065600, PubMed:28262505). Involved in cell cycle regulation by inducing the expression of key genes for the progression from G1 to S phase, such as CCND1 (PubMed:17344214). Mediates the effects of LEP on melanocortin production, body energy homeostasis and lactation (By similarity). May play an apoptotic role by transctivating BIRC5 expression under LEP activation (PubMed:18242580). Cytoplasmic STAT3 represses macroautophagy by inhibiting EIF2AK2/PKR activity (PubMed:23084476). Plays a crucial role in basal beta cell functions, such as regulation of insulin secretion (By similarity). Following JAK/STAT signaling activation and as part of a complex with NFATC3 and NFATC4, binds to the alpha-beta E4 promoter region of CRYAB and activates transcription in cardiomyocytes (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- chromatin DNA binding
- Gene Name
- STAT3
- Uniprot ID
- P40763
- Uniprot Name
- Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Molecular Weight
- 88067.215 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Catalyzes the removal of sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) moieties from glycoproteins and glycolipids. To be active, it is strictly dependent on its presence in the multienzyme complex. Appears to have a preference for alpha 2-3 and alpha 2-6 sialyl linkage
- Specific Function
- alpha-sialidase activity
- Gene Name
- NEU1
- Uniprot ID
- Q99519
- Uniprot Name
- Sialidase-1
- Molecular Weight
- 45466.96 Da
References
- Qorri B, Harless W, Szewczuk MR: Novel Molecular Mechanism of Aspirin and Celecoxib Targeting Mammalian Neuraminidase-1 Impedes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Axis and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020 Oct 8;14:4149-4167. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S264122. eCollection 2020. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (PubMed:11327835, PubMed:11802772, PubMed:11831900, PubMed:12056894, PubMed:12171926, PubMed:1336460, PubMed:14736236, PubMed:15300855, PubMed:15453828, PubMed:15667203, PubMed:15865431, PubMed:16106378, PubMed:16214338, PubMed:16290146, PubMed:16686544, PubMed:16759856, PubMed:16807956, PubMed:17127057, PubMed:17251017, PubMed:17314045, PubMed:17330962, PubMed:17346964, PubMed:17540563, PubMed:17588751, PubMed:17705204, PubMed:18024029, PubMed:18162396, PubMed:18266323, PubMed:18374572, PubMed:18481843, PubMed:18618712, PubMed:18640037, PubMed:18942852, PubMed:1909891, PubMed:1910042, PubMed:19170619, PubMed:19186056, PubMed:19206230, PubMed:19520834, PubMed:19778001, PubMed:7761440, PubMed:7901850, PubMed:8218160, PubMed:8262987, PubMed:8399159, PubMed:8451242, PubMed:8485129, PubMed:8639494, PubMed:9265618, PubMed:9398308). Can also hydrate cyanamide to urea (PubMed:10550681, PubMed:11015219). Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6 (PubMed:15990874). Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (PubMed:15300855). Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption
- Specific Function
- arylesterase activity
- Gene Name
- CA2
- Uniprot ID
- P00918
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 29245.895 Da
References
- Nishimori I, Minakuchi T, Onishi S, Vullo D, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Dec 1;15(23):7229-36. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [Article]
- Weber A, Casini A, Heine A, Kuhn D, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A, Klebe G: Unexpected nanomolar inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by COX-2-selective celecoxib: new pharmacological opportunities due to related binding site recognition. J Med Chem. 2004 Jan 29;47(3):550-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide
- Specific Function
- carbonate dehydratase activity
- Gene Name
- CA3
- Uniprot ID
- P07451
- Uniprot Name
- Carbonic anhydrase 3
- Molecular Weight
- 29557.215 Da
References
- Nishimori I, Minakuchi T, Onishi S, Vullo D, Cecchi A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: cloning, characterization, and inhibition studies of the cytosolic isozyme III with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 Dec 1;15(23):7229-36. Epub 2007 Aug 25. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Required for proper focal adhesion assembly (PubMed:33811546). Involved in the regulation of cell migration (PubMed:33811546)
- Specific Function
- beta-catenin binding
- Gene Name
- CDH11
- Uniprot ID
- P55287
- Uniprot Name
- Cadherin-11
- Molecular Weight
- 87964.545 Da
References
- Assefnia S, Dakshanamurthy S, Guidry Auvil JM, Hampel C, Anastasiadis PZ, Kallakury B, Uren A, Foley DW, Brown ML, Shapiro L, Brenner M, Haigh D, Byers SW: Cadherin-11 in poor prognosis malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis: common target, common therapies. Oncotarget. 2014 Mar 30;5(6):1458-74. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.1538. [Article]
- Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB/AKT3), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2 and RPS6KA3), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA), protein kinase C (PRKCD and PRKCZ), serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3), p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), protein kinase PKN (PKN1 and PKN2). Plays a central role in the transduction of signals from insulin by providing the activating phosphorylation to PKB/AKT1, thus propagating the signal to downstream targets controlling cell proliferation and survival, as well as glucose and amino acid uptake and storage. Negatively regulates the TGF-beta-induced signaling by: modulating the association of SMAD3 and SMAD7 with TGF-beta receptor, phosphorylating SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD4 and SMAD7, preventing the nuclear translocation of SMAD3 and SMAD4 and the translocation of SMAD7 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to TGF-beta. Activates PPARG transcriptional activity and promotes adipocyte differentiation. Activates the NF-kappa-B pathway via phosphorylation of IKKB. The tyrosine phosphorylated form is crucial for the regulation of focal adhesions by angiotensin II. Controls proliferation, survival, and growth of developing pancreatic cells. Participates in the regulation of Ca(2+) entry and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels of mast cells. Essential for the motility of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and is involved in the regulation of their chemotaxis. Plays a critical role in cardiac homeostasis by serving as a dual effector for cell survival and beta-adrenergic response. Plays an important role during thymocyte development by regulating the expression of key nutrient receptors on the surface of pre-T cells and mediating Notch-induced cell growth and proliferative responses. Provides negative feedback inhibition to toll-like receptor-mediated NF-kappa-B activation in macrophages. Isoform 3 is catalytically inactive
- Specific Function
- 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase activity
- Gene Name
- PDPK1
- Uniprot ID
- O15530
- Uniprot Name
- 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 63151.305 Da
References
- Kulp SK, Yang YT, Hung CC, Chen KF, Lai JP, Tseng PH, Fowble JW, Ward PJ, Chen CS: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1/Akt signaling represents a major cyclooxygenase-2-independent target for celecoxib in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2004 Feb 15;64(4):1444-51. [Article]
- Zhu J, Huang JW, Tseng PH, Yang YT, Fowble J, Shiau CW, Shaw YJ, Kulp SK, Chen CS: From the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib to a novel class of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 15;64(12):4309-18. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-4063. [Article]
- Tong Z, Wu X, Ovcharenko D, Zhu J, Chen CS, Kehrer JP: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a survival factor. Biochem J. 2005 Oct 15;391(Pt 2):441-8. [Article]
- Li J, Zhu J, Melvin WS, Bekaii-Saab TS, Chen CS, Muscarella P: A structurally optimized celecoxib derivative inhibits human pancreatic cancer cell growth. J Gastrointest Surg. 2006 Feb;10(2):207-14. [Article]
- Tseng PH, Wang YC, Weng SC, Weng JR, Chen CS, Brueggemeier RW, Shapiro CL, Chen CY, Dunn SE, Pollak M, Chen CS: Overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells by using a novel celecoxib-derived phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 inhibitor. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Nov;70(5):1534-41. Epub 2006 Aug 3. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Gong L, Thorn CF, Bertagnolli MM, Grosser T, Altman RB, Klein TE: Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Apr;22(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834f94cb. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Exhibits low catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan (PubMed:25994031)
- Specific Function
- (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Davies NM, McLachlan AJ, Day RO, Williams KM: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of celecoxib: a selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000 Mar;38(3):225-42. doi: 10.2165/00003088-200038030-00003. [Article]
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
- Mo SL, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Wei MQ, Zhou SF: New insights into the structural features and functional relevance of human cytochrome P450 2C9. Part I. Curr Drug Metab. 2009 Dec;10(10):1075-126. [Article]
- Lin Y, Lu P, Tang C, Mei Q, Sandig G, Rodrigues AD, Rushmore TH, Shou M: Substrate inhibition kinetics for cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Apr;29(4 Pt 1):368-74. [Article]
- Rodrigues AD: Impact of CYP2C9 genotype on pharmacokinetics: are all cyclooxygenase inhibitors the same? Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Nov;33(11):1567-75. Epub 2005 Aug 23. [Article]
- Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, steroids and retinoids (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamide (20-HETE-EA) and 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:21289075). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the oxidative transformations of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal, a precursor for the active form all-trans-retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants
- Specific Function
- anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Werner U, Werner D, Rau T, Fromm MF, Hinz B, Brune K: Celecoxib inhibits metabolism of cytochrome P450 2D6 substrate metoprolol in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Aug;74(2):130-7. [Article]
- Siu YA, Hao MH, Dixit V, Lai WG: Celecoxib is a substrate of CYP2D6: Impact on celecoxib metabolism in individuals with CYP2C9*3 variants. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2018 Oct;33(5):219-227. doi: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.06.001. Epub 2018 Jun 19. [Article]
- Gong L, Thorn CF, Bertagnolli MM, Grosser T, Altman RB, Klein TE: Celecoxib pathways: pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2012 Apr;22(4):310-8. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e32834f94cb. [Article]
- Molden E, Braathen P: Celecoxib is often combined with cytochrome P450 2D6 substrates in general clinical practice. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jul;78(1):93. doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.04.009. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Primarily catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid toward its 4-hydroxylated form (PubMed:11093772). Displays 16-alpha hydroxylase activity toward estrogen steroid hormones, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) (PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) (PubMed:26427316)
- Specific Function
- arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Daily EB, Aquilante CL: Cytochrome P450 2C8 pharmacogenetics: a review of clinical studies. Pharmacogenomics. 2009 Sep;10(9):1489-510. doi: 10.2217/pgs.09.82. [Article]
- Brandon Cohen; Charles V. Preuss (2019). Celecoxib, NIH StatPearls. StatPearls.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:19540099, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Qorri B, Harless W, Szewczuk MR: Novel Molecular Mechanism of Aspirin and Celecoxib Targeting Mammalian Neuraminidase-1 Impedes Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Axis and Induces Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2020 Oct 8;14:4149-4167. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S264122. eCollection 2020. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that actively extrudes physiological compounds and xenobiotics from cells. Transports a range of endogenous molecules that have a key role in cellular communication and signaling, including cyclic nucleotides such as cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), bile acids, steroid conjugates, urate, and prostaglandins (PubMed:11856762, PubMed:12523936, PubMed:12835412, PubMed:12883481, PubMed:15364914, PubMed:15454390, PubMed:16282361, PubMed:17959747, PubMed:18300232, PubMed:26721430). Mediates the ATP-dependent efflux of glutathione conjugates such as leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) too. The presence of GSH is necessary for the ATP-dependent transport of LTB4, whereas GSH is not required for the transport of LTC4 (PubMed:17959747). Mediates the cotransport of bile acids with reduced glutathione (GSH) (PubMed:12523936, PubMed:12883481, PubMed:16282361). Transports a wide range of drugs and their metabolites, including anticancer, antiviral and antibiotics molecules (PubMed:11856762, PubMed:12105214, PubMed:15454390, PubMed:17344354, PubMed:18300232). Confers resistance to anticancer agents such as methotrexate (PubMed:11106685)
- Specific Function
- 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity
- Gene Name
- ABCC4
- Uniprot ID
- O15439
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 4
- Molecular Weight
- 149525.33 Da
References
- Reid G, Wielinga P, Zelcer N, van der Heijden I, Kuil A, de Haas M, Wijnholds J, Borst P: The human multidrug resistance protein MRP4 functions as a prostaglandin efflux transporter and is inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9244-9. Epub 2003 Jun 30. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Catalyzes the transport of the major hydrophobic bile salts, such as taurine and glycine-conjugated cholic acid across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes in an ATP-dependent manner, therefore participates in hepatic bile acid homeostasis and consequently to lipid homeostasis through regulation of biliary lipid secretion in a bile salts dependent manner (PubMed:15791618, PubMed:16332456, PubMed:18985798, PubMed:19228692, PubMed:20010382, PubMed:20398791, PubMed:22262466, PubMed:24711118, PubMed:29507376, PubMed:32203132). Transports taurine-conjugated bile salts more rapidly than glycine-conjugated bile salts (PubMed:16332456). Also transports non-bile acid compounds, such as pravastatin and fexofenadine in an ATP-dependent manner and may be involved in their biliary excretion (PubMed:15901796, PubMed:18245269)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type bile acid transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB11
- Uniprot ID
- O95342
- Uniprot Name
- Bile salt export pump
- Molecular Weight
- 146405.83 Da
References
- Pedersen JM, Matsson P, Bergstrom CA, Hoogstraate J, Noren A, LeCluyse EL, Artursson P: Early identification of clinically relevant drug interactions with the human bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11). Toxicol Sci. 2013 Dec;136(2):328-43. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kft197. Epub 2013 Sep 6. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Pagliarulo V, Ancona P, Niso M, Colabufo NA, Contino M, Cormio L, Azzariti A, Pagliarulo A: The interaction of celecoxib with MDR transporters enhances the activity of mitomycin C in a bladder cancer cell line. Mol Cancer. 2013 May 24;12:47. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-47. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Broad substrate specificity ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that actively extrudes a wide variety of physiological compounds, dietary toxins and xenobiotics from cells (PubMed:11306452, PubMed:12958161, PubMed:19506252, PubMed:20705604, PubMed:28554189, PubMed:30405239, PubMed:31003562). Involved in porphyrin homeostasis, mediating the export of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) from both mitochondria to cytosol and cytosol to extracellular space, it also functions in the cellular export of heme (PubMed:20705604, PubMed:23189181). Also mediates the efflux of sphingosine-1-P from cells (PubMed:20110355). Acts as a urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion (PubMed:19506252, PubMed:20368174, PubMed:22132962, PubMed:31003562, PubMed:36749388). In kidney, it also functions as a physiological exporter of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (By similarity). Also involved in the excretion of steroids like estrone 3-sulfate/E1S, 3beta-sulfooxy-androst-5-en-17-one/DHEAS, and other sulfate conjugates (PubMed:12682043, PubMed:28554189, PubMed:30405239). Mediates the secretion of the riboflavin and biotin vitamins into milk (By similarity). Extrudes pheophorbide a, a phototoxic porphyrin catabolite of chlorophyll, reducing its bioavailability (By similarity). Plays an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain (Probable). It confers to cells a resistance to multiple drugs and other xenobiotics including mitoxantrone, pheophorbide, camptothecin, methotrexate, azidothymidine, and the anthracyclines daunorubicin and doxorubicin, through the control of their efflux (PubMed:11306452, PubMed:12477054, PubMed:15670731, PubMed:18056989, PubMed:31254042). In placenta, it limits the penetration of drugs from the maternal plasma into the fetus (By similarity). May play a role in early stem cell self-renewal by blocking differentiation (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCG2
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UNQ0
- Uniprot Name
- Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2
- Molecular Weight
- 72313.47 Da
References
- Pagliarulo V, Ancona P, Niso M, Colabufo NA, Contino M, Cormio L, Azzariti A, Pagliarulo A: The interaction of celecoxib with MDR transporters enhances the activity of mitomycin C in a bladder cancer cell line. Mol Cancer. 2013 May 24;12:47. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-47. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 04, 2024 01:11