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Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000068MetabolicMany steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination. … This pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones.
NAD+ Signalling and Aging
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0084271SignalingAn interesting link has emerged between NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1, SIRT3, and mitochondrial function. … NR and PARP inhibitors increased life span in worms via activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRmt by sir2.1.
Glycine and Serine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000004MetabolicCystathionine beta-lyase then converts this double amino acid to cysteine, ammonia, and alpha-ketoglutarate. Glycine is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine. … Serine is central to the synthesis and breakdown of the other two amino acids.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tetrahydrofolic acid · Ademetionine · Pyruvic acid · Arginine · Adenosine phosphate +26 moreTaurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000021MetabolicThis includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs. … and returning them to the bile.
Enzymes: Cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylasePantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000027MetabolicMost of pantothenic acid is found in food as phosphopentetheine or coenzyme A. Pantothenic acid, pantetheine 4’-phosphate and pantetheine are all found in red blood cells. … It is a precursor of coenzyme A, which is an essential part of many reactions in the body, specifically important in the production of compounds like cholesterol and different fatty acids.
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000058MetabolicThe products of starch digestion are but not limited to maltotriose, maltose, limit dextrin, and glucose. … Beta-D-fructose can be converted to beta-D-fructose-6-phosphate by glucokinase and then to alpha-D-glucose-6-phosphate by the action of glucose phosphate isomerase.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · NADH · ATP · Calcium · Magnesium cation · Uridine diphosphate glucose +4 moreSpermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000445MetabolicSpermidine and spermine are produced in many tissues, as they are involved in the regulation of genetic processes from DNA synthesis to cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. … These positiviely charged amines interact with negatively charged phosphates in nucleic acids to exert their regulatory effects on cellular processes.
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000008MetabolicDepicted in this pathway is the conversion of phenylalanine to phenylpyruvate (via amino acid oxidase or tyrosine amino transferase acting on phenylalanine), the incorporation of phenylalanine and/or tyrosine … It may be (1) incorporated into cellular proteins, (2) converted to phenylpyruvic acid, or (3) converted to tyrosine.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Phenylalanine · Adenosine phosphate · Tyrosine · Glutamic acid · ATP +11 moreEnzymes: L-amino-acid oxidaseArginine and Proline Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000020MetabolicIn particular, the amino acid citrulline is first synthesized from several other amino acids (glutamine, glutamate, and proline) in the mitochondria of the intestinal enterocytes (PMID: 9806879). … The arginine and proline metabolism pathway illustrates the biosynthesis and metabolism of several amino acids including arginine, ornithine, proline, citrulline, and glutamate in mammals.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Ademetionine · Arginine · Aspartic acid · Ornithine · Adenosine phosphate +21 moreEnzymes: D-amino-acid oxidaseValine, Leucine, and Isoleucine Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000032MetabolicBecause leucine gives rise to acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA, it is classified as strictly ketogenic. … As a result, three different α-keto acids are produced and are oxidized using a common branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), yielding the three different CoA derivatives.
Enzymes: Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic, Lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial