Cilastatin

Identification

Summary

Cilastatin is a renal dehydropeptidase inhibitor used to prevent degradation of imipenem. Both medications are used together to treat a variety of infections.

Brand Names
Primaxin, Recarbrio
Generic Name
Cilastatin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB01597
Background

Cilastatin is an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase, an enzyme responsible for both the metabolism of thienamycin beta-lactam antibiotics as well as conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. Since the antibiotic, imipenem, is one such antibiotic that is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase, cilastatin is used in combination with imipenem to prevent its metabolism. The first combination product containing both drugs was approved by the FDA in November of 1985 under the trade name Primaxin, marketed by Merck & Co.9 A newer triple-drug product was approved in July 2019 under the trade name Recarbrio which also contains relebactam.8

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 358.453
Monoisotopic: 358.156242642
Chemical Formula
C16H26N2O5S
Synonyms
  • (L)-7-(2-Amino-2-carboxy-ethylsulfanyl)-2-[(2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-amino]-hept-2-enoic acid
  • (Z)-(S)-6-carboxy-6-[(S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamido]hex-5-enyl-L-cysteine
  • (Z)-7-((R)-2-Amino-2-carboxy-ethylsulfanyl)-2-[((S)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarbonyl)-amino]-hept-2-enoic acid
  • Cilastatin
  • Cilastatina
  • Cilastatine
  • Cilastatinum

Pharmacology

Indication

Cilastatin is indicated, in combination with imipenem with or without relebactam, for the treatment of bacterial infections including respiratory, skin, bone, gynecologic, urinary tract, and intra-abdominal as well as septicemia and endocarditis.6,5

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to treatBacterial septicemiaCombination Product in combination with: Imipenem (DB01598)••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatComplicated intra-abdominal infectionCombination Product in combination with: Relebactam (DB12377), Imipenem (DB01598)••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatComplicated urinary tract infectionCombination Product in combination with: Imipenem (DB01598), Relebactam (DB12377)••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatComplicated urinary tract infectionCombination Product in combination with: Imipenem (DB01598)••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatEndocarditis caused by staphylococcus aureusCombination Product in combination with: Imipenem (DB01598)••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Cilastatin is a chemical compound which inhibits the human enzyme dehydropeptidase.6,5 Renal Dehydropeptidase degrades the antibiotic imipenem. Cilastatin is therefore combined intravenously with imipenem in order to protect it from dehydropeptidase and prolong its antibacterial effect. However, cilastatin in and of itself does not have any antibacterial activity. The increased renal excretion of unchanged imipenem appears to prevent proximal tubular necrosis associated with high doses of imipenem.2

Mechanism of action

Cilastatin is a renal dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor.6,5 Since the antibiotic, imipenem, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to block the metabolism of imipenem.

TargetActionsOrganism
ADipeptidase 1
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Cilastatin has a volume of distribution of 14.6-20.1L.3

Protein binding

Cilastatin is plasma protein binding is reported to be 35-40%.5,6,3

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Cilastatin is reported by official FDA labeling to be 70% excreted in the urine, however published literature has reported values as high as 98%.3

Half-life

The half-life of cilastatin is approximately 1h.5,6,3

Clearance

Cilastatin has a total clearance of 0.2 L/h/kg and a renal clearance of 0.10-0.16 L/h/kg.3

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

In case of overdose with the combination product, including relebactam and imipenem, it is recommended to provide supportive care.5 Imipenem, cilastatin, and relebactam may be removed via hemodialysis.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcamprosateThe excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Cilastatin.
AcyclovirThe excretion of Acyclovir can be decreased when combined with Cilastatin.
Adefovir dipivoxilThe excretion of Adefovir dipivoxil can be decreased when combined with Cilastatin.
AllopurinolThe excretion of Allopurinol can be decreased when combined with Cilastatin.
Aminohippuric acidThe excretion of Aminohippuric acid can be decreased when combined with Cilastatin.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Cilastatin sodium5428WXZ74M81129-83-1QXPBTTUOVWMPJN-QBNHLFMHSA-M
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BACQURE 500 MGCilastatin (500 MG/1VIAL) + Imipenem monohydrate (500 MG/1VIAL)Injection, powder, for solutionบริษัท แรนแบ็กซี่ (ประเทศไทย) จำกัด2016-11-22Not applicableThailand flag
CILAPEM 500 MG/500 MG IV ENJEKSİYONLUK ÇÖZELTİ HAZIRLAMAK İÇİN TOZ, 1 ADETCilastatin (500 mg) + Imipenem (500 mg)Injection, solutionIntravenousTÜM-EKİP İLAÇ A.Ş.2011-05-06Not applicableTurkey flag
CILAPEM 500 MG/500 MG IV ENJEKSİYONLUK ÇÖZELTİ HAZIRLAMAK İÇİN TOZ, 25 ADETCilastatin (500 mg) + Imipenem (500 mg)Injection, solutionIntravenousTÜM-EKİP İLAÇ A.Ş.2020-08-14Not applicableTurkey flag
IMEPEN 500 MGCilastatin (500 MG/1VIAL) + Imipenem monohydrate (500 MG/1VIAL)Powderบริษัท ฐิติรัตน์สานนท์ จำกัด2013-07-032019-10-21Thailand flag
IMICILA ALVOGENCilastatin (500 MG/1VIAL) + Imipenem monohydrate (500 MG/1VIAL)Injection, powder, for solutionบริษัท อัลโวเจน (ประเทศไทย) จำกัด2016-12-272020-08-20Thailand flag

Categories

ATC Codes
J01DH51 — Imipenem and cilastatinJ01DH56 — Imipenem, cilastatin and relebactam
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-alpha amino acids. These are compounds containing an alpha amino acid which bears an acyl group at its terminal nitrogen atom.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent
N-acyl-alpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
L-cysteine-S-conjugates / L-alpha-amino acids / Medium-chain fatty acids / Unsaturated fatty acids / Cyclopropanecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Sulfenyl compounds / Carboxylic acids
show 6 more
Substituents
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound / Alpha-amino acid / Amine / Amino acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxamide group / Carboxylic acid / Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or derivatives / Cysteine or derivatives / Dialkylthioether
show 21 more
Molecular Framework
Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid, L-cysteine derivative, organic sulfide, carboxamide (CHEBI:3697)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
141A6AMN38
CAS number
82009-34-5
InChI Key
DHSUYTOATWAVLW-WFVMDLQDSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H26N2O5S/c1-16(2)8-10(16)13(19)18-12(15(22)23)6-4-3-5-7-24-9-11(17)14(20)21/h6,10-11H,3-5,7-9,17H2,1-2H3,(H,18,19)(H,20,21)(H,22,23)/b12-6-/t10-,11+/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(2Z)-7-{[(2R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]sulfanyl}-2-{[(1S)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl]formamido}hept-2-enoic acid
SMILES
CC1(C)C[C@@H]1C(=O)N\C(=C/CCCCSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Yatendra Kumar, "Process for the preparation of amorphous cilastatin sodium." U.S. Patent US20040152780, issued August 05, 2004.

US20040152780
General References
  1. Keynan S, Hooper NM, Felici A, Amicosante G, Turner AJ: The renal membrane dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase I) inhibitor, cilastatin, inhibits the bacterial metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme CphA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jul;39(7):1629-31. [Article]
  2. Buckley MM, Brogden RN, Barradell LB, Goa KL: Imipenem/cilastatin. A reappraisal of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1992 Sep;44(3):408-44. [Article]
  3. Balfour JA, Bryson HM, Brogden RN: Imipenem/cilastatin: an update of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of serious infections. Drugs. 1996 Jan;51(1):99-136. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199651010-00008. [Article]
  4. Koller M, Brom J, Raulf M, Konig W: Cilastatin (MK 0791) is a potent and specific inhibitor of the renal leukotriene D4-dipeptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Sep 16;131(2):974-9. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91335-x. [Article]
  5. FDA Approved Drug Products: Recarbrio (imipenem, cilastatin, and relebactam) for intravenous injection [Link]
  6. FDA: Primaxin Label [Link]
  7. ChemSpider: Cilastatin [Link]
  8. FDA Approved Drug Products: Apadaz (benzhydrocodone and acetaminophen) tablets [Link]
  9. Drugs@FDA: Primaxin [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015535
KEGG Drug
D07698
KEGG Compound
C01675
PubChem Compound
6435415
PubChem Substance
46505611
ChemSpider
4940183
BindingDB
50367502
RxNav
2540
ChEBI
3697
ChEMBL
CHEMBL766
ZINC
ZINC000004095696
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000632
PharmGKB
PA448998
PDBe Ligand
CIL
Wikipedia
Cilastatin
FDA label
Download (616 KB)
MSDS
Download (45 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedPreventionAcute Pancreatitis1
4CompletedTreatmentFebrile Neutropenia / Hematological Malignancy1
4CompletedTreatmentInfection / Pneumonia1
4CompletedTreatmentIntraabdominal Infections1
4Enrolling by InvitationOtherCritically Ill Patients / Obesity1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionParenteral
Injection, solutionIntravenous
PowderNot applicable1 kg/1kg
SolutionIntravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous500 mg
Powder
SolutionIntravenous530.060 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous250 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous500 mg
Powder, for solutionIntravenous
Injection, powder, for solutionParenteral
Injection, powder, for suspensionIntramuscular
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous
Injection, powder, for solution
Injection, powder, for suspensionIntravenous
InjectionIntravenous
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US8487093No2013-07-162029-11-19US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)655.5ChemSpider: Cilastatin
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.1 mg/mLALOGPS
logP-0.29ALOGPS
logP-1.3Chemaxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.53Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.14Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area129.72 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count11Chemaxon
Refractivity92.85 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability38.28 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings1Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.8691
Blood Brain Barrier-0.5892
Caco-2 permeable-0.6738
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.8165
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.7489
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9872
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9504
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8178
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8169
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.5118
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.8369
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8179
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9002
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.76
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7213
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9653
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.7689
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9312
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9424
Rat acute toxicity2.3144 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9946
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9675
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0007-9143000000-9267c830716476e05220
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-ef2198c6225f95e6b765
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0092000000-f0483d6314128c99a866
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-03fr-0089000000-e23865517b151264287c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-f94440db25517ee87789
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0193000000-9c52bb64f789ddf44d03
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-01t9-0890000000-a16bc40171fdaad5d00f
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-01q9-0900000000-7f6fb4bc2c8d8b74669a
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0900000000-f7395a558e6db43df825
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-65b5dae5f837cb16f232
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0093000000-f41454497f85c6c231e3
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0890000000-2d4e1ce343461b9c33ff
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0900000000-f7395a558e6db43df825
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-03fr-0079000000-f5a7ea868a31218529fb
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-afc7a1706de335756516
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0uxr-0292000000-fc9fdc71c26de516aa47
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f89-0980000000-c7e9f3733dc9d5876f69
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f89-0940000000-5e461031ed3e8be30dce
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udl-0197000000-ed9524572e0f6a20cf73
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-92adcd25c03169bce114
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9350000000-49e92e77b9da299b75c9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9100000000-93ce7c9a2d2ddb232af8
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9100000000-a5fb73965dbd68cad5ca
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-314ddc83e7521820bbfc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-f4a4b127adc8552d8fff
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-ee64e7f7019c68d1b37c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9340000000-52a3fa17dbbe9e3a1655
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9100000000-455b80c43f8c12b3f0fc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-07045a080f03625d01af
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-9000000000-8832abb1f60cae723d4a
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00kb-9000000000-92b4d4d580bdc8669cd2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0udl-0197000000-a5c912d56f6b1064113a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-006x-2896000000-e0c074df60e12bbc70cd
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0090000000-b26ed8c368c9e95c47e7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00xr-9733000000-773be22aa7142f8465be
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0490000000-4c33728a55ab076c5532
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ldl-9211000000-2eac5aa953332e17fb25
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-7971000000-0f1ac4b8314fc459cbce
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-194.048105
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-182.22652
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+193.570805
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+184.58452
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+193.420305
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+191.15953
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
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Learn more
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Hydrolyzes a wide range of dipeptides. Implicated in the renal metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates. Converts leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4; it may play an important role in the regulati...
Gene Name
DPEP1
Uniprot ID
P16444
Uniprot Name
Dipeptidase 1
Molecular Weight
45673.48 Da
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [Article]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [Article]
  3. Farrell CA, Allegretto NJ, Hitchcock MJ: Cilastatin-sensitive dehydropeptidase I enzymes from three sources all catalyze carbapenem hydrolysis and conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1987 Jul;256(1):253-9. [Article]
  4. Kumon H, Nasu Y, Ohmori H, Kodama H, Konishi Y: [Effects of cilastatin sodium, an inhibitor of dehydropeptidase-I, on human urinary peptide excretion. Patients with renal insufficiency]. Jpn J Antibiot. 1987 Sep;40(9):1571-83. [Article]
  5. Lin JH, Chen IW, Ulm EH: Dose-dependent kinetics of cilastatin in laboratory animals. Drug Metab Dispos. 1989 Jul-Aug;17(4):426-32. [Article]
  6. Richerson MA, Ambrose PG, Quintiliani R, Nightingale CH: Formulary review of the carbapenems: comparison of imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem. Conn Med. 1998 Mar;62(3):165-9. [Article]
  7. Hirota T, Nishikawa Y, Tanaka M, Igarashi T, Kitagawa H: Characterization of dehydropeptidase I in the rat lung. Eur J Biochem. 1986 Nov 3;160(3):521-5. [Article]
  8. Hirota T, Nishikawa Y, Komai T, Igarashi T, Kitagawa H: Role of dehydropeptidase-I in the metabolism of glutathione and its conjugates in the rat kidney. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1987 May;56(2):235-42. [Article]
  9. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  10. Keynan S, Hooper NM, Felici A, Amicosante G, Turner AJ: The renal membrane dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase I) inhibitor, cilastatin, inhibits the bacterial metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme CphA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Jul;39(7):1629-31. [Article]
  11. Campbell BJ, Di Shih Y, Forrester LJ, Zahler WL: Specificity and inhibition studies of human renal dipeptidase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Sep 21;956(2):110-8. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(88)90256-7. [Article]
  12. Koller M, Brom J, Raulf M, Konig W: Cilastatin (MK 0791) is a potent and specific inhibitor of the renal leukotriene D4-dipeptidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Sep 16;131(2):974-9. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(85)91335-x. [Article]
  13. FDA Approved Drug Products: Recarbrio (imipenem, cilastatin, and relebactam) for intravenous injection [Link]
  14. FDA: Primaxin Label [Link]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Narikawa S, Hosoyamada M, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Characterization of organic anion transport inhibitors using cells stably expressing human organic anion transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 May 11;419(2-3):113-20. [Article]
  2. Khamdang S, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Noshiro R, Narikawa S, Huang XL, Enomoto A, Piyachaturawat P, Endou H: Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Feb;94(2):197-202. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Plays an important role in the excretion/detoxification of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the brain and kidney. Involved in the transport basolateral of steviol, fexofenad...
Gene Name
SLC22A8
Uniprot ID
Q8TCC7
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 8
Molecular Weight
59855.585 Da
References
  1. Takeda M, Narikawa S, Hosoyamada M, Cha SH, Sekine T, Endou H: Characterization of organic anion transport inhibitors using cells stably expressing human organic anion transporters. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 May 11;419(2-3):113-20. [Article]
  2. Khamdang S, Takeda M, Shimoda M, Noshiro R, Narikawa S, Huang XL, Enomoto A, Piyachaturawat P, Endou H: Interactions of human- and rat-organic anion transporters with pravastatin and cimetidine. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Feb;94(2):197-202. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at February 02, 2024 22:52