Aluminum hydroxide
Identification
- Name
- Aluminum hydroxide
- Accession Number
- DB06723
- Description
Aluminum hydroxide is an inorganic salt used as an antacid. It is a basic compound that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Subsequent increases in pH may inhibit the action of pepsin. An increase in bicarbonate ions and prostaglandins may also confer cytoprotective effects.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Aluminum hydroxide (DB06723)
- Weight
- Average: 78.0036
Monoisotopic: 77.989757403 - Chemical Formula
- AlH3O3
- Synonyms
- Aluminio hidróxido
- Aluminium hydroxide
- Aluminium hydroxide gel, dried
- Aluminium hydroxide, dried
- Aluminum hydroxide gel, dried
- Aluminum hydroxide, dried
- Dried aluminium hydroxide
- Dried aluminum hydroxide gel
- External IDs
- NSC-664400
Pharmacology
- Indication
For relief of heartburn and acid indigestion.
- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Learn about our commercial Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings data.
Learn More- Pharmacodynamics
Gastric-peptic disease occurs as a result of an imbalance between protective factors, such as mucus, bicarbonate, and prostaglandin secretion, and aggressive factors, such as hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Antacids work by restoring acid-base balance, attenuating the pepsin activity and increasing bicarbonate and prostaglandin secretion.
- Mechanism of action
Aluminum hydroxide is a basic inorganic salt that acts by neutralizing hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions. Aluminum hydroxide is slowly solubilized in the stomach and reacts with hydrochloric acid to form aluminum chloride and water. It also inhibits the action of pepsin by increasing the pH and via adsorption. Cytoprotective effects may occur through increases in bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and prostaglandins.
- Absorption
Approximately 17-30% of the aluminum chloride formed is absorbed.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
Not metabolized.
- Route of elimination
Absorbed aluminum chloride is rapidly eliminated by the kidneys in patients with normal renal function.
- Half-life
- Not Available
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Learn about our commercial Adverse Effects data.
Learn More- Toxicity
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional DataAcetaminophen Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acetaminophen resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Acetophenazine Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Acetophenazine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Alendronic acid The serum concentration of Alendronic acid can be decreased when it is combined with Aluminum hydroxide. Alfacalcidol The serum concentration of Aluminum hydroxide can be increased when it is combined with Alfacalcidol. Alimemazine Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Alimemazine resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Allopurinol The therapeutic efficacy of Allopurinol can be decreased when used in combination with Aluminum hydroxide. Amphetamine The serum concentration of Amphetamine can be increased when it is combined with Aluminum hydroxide. Amprenavir Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Amprenavir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid can cause an increase in the absorption of Aluminum hydroxide resulting in an increased serum concentration and potentially a worsening of adverse effects. Asunaprevir Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Asunaprevir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended DescriptionAvailable for Purchase
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - SeveritySeverityAvailable for Purchase
A severity rating for each drug interaction, from minor to major.
Learn more - Evidence LevelEvidence LevelAvailable for Purchase
A rating for the strength of the evidence supporting each drug interaction.
Learn more - ActionActionAvailable for Purchase
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
Learn more
- Food Interactions
- Avoid foods rich in citrate. Citrate may increase the absorption of aluminum and has the potential to cause toxicity.
Products
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Algeldrate 03J11K103C 1330-44-5 SMYKVLBUSSNXMV-UHFFFAOYSA-K Almagate 568Z59H7ZJ 66827-12-1 MTEOMEWVDVPTNN-UHFFFAOYSA-E - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Aluminum cation ionic 3XHB1D032B 22537-23-1 REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Alu-Cap (3M) / Amphojel (Wyeth)
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataAlternagel Liquid 600 mg/5mL Oral Mc Neil Consumer Pharmaceuticals Co. 1990-01-01 2012-08-31 US 
Alu-tab Tab 600mg Tablet Oral 3 M Pharmaceuticals, A Division Of 3 M Canada Company 1993-12-31 2001-08-01 Canada 
Aluminum Hydroxide Liquid 320 mg/5mL Oral Atlantic Biologicals Corps 2005-02-01 Not applicable US Aluminum Hydroxide Gel 320 mg/5mL Oral LLC Federal Solutions 2013-08-12 Not applicable US Aluminum Hydroxide Liquid 320 mg/5mL Oral Rugby 2005-02-01 Not applicable US Derma Gran Ointment 0.275 g/100g Topical Mckesson Medical Surgical 2013-11-12 Not applicable US Derma Gran Ointment 0.275 g/100g Topical Derma Sciences 2015-06-16 Not applicable US Dermadrox Ointment 1.356 g/113g Topical Geritrex Llc 2015-07-31 Not applicable US Dermagran Ointment Ointment Topical Canadian Medical Supply Inc. 1987-12-31 1996-09-09 Canada DermaMed Ointment 2 g/100g Topical Dermarite Industries, Llc 2016-10-18 Not applicable US Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
Learn more
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Acid Gone Antacid Aluminum hydroxide (95 mg/15mL) + Magnesium carbonate (358 mg/15mL) Liquid Oral Major 2004-12-30 Not applicable US Acid Gone Antacid Extra Strength Aluminum hydroxide (160 mg/1) + Magnesium carbonate (105 mg/1) Tablet, chewable Oral Major Pharmaceuticals 2014-06-06 Not applicable US Acid Gone Antacid Extra Strength Aluminum hydroxide (160 mg/1) + Magnesium carbonate (105 mg/1) Tablet, chewable Oral Avera McKennan Hospital 2015-07-09 2017-05-24 US Acidex Tc Oral Suspension Aluminum hydroxide (600 mg) + Magnesium hydroxide (300 mg) Suspension Oral Gen Drug Company Ltd. Not applicable 1997-05-30 Canada Advanced Antacid Cherry Aluminum hydroxide (400 mg/5mL) + Dimethicone (40 mg/5mL) + Magnesium hydroxide (400 mg/5mL) Liquid Oral Strategic Sourcing Services LLC 2012-06-01 Not applicable US Advanced Antacid Mint Aluminum hydroxide (400 mg/10mL) + Dimethicone (40 mg/10mL) + Magnesium hydroxide (400 mg/10mL) Suspension Oral Goodsense 2020-07-01 Not applicable US Advanced Antacid Regular Strength Aluminum hydroxide (200 mg/5mL) + Dimethicone (20 mg/5mL) + Magnesium hydroxide (200 mg/5mL) Liquid Oral Strategic Sourcing Services LLC 2012-06-01 Not applicable US Advanced Antacid Regular Strength Aluminum hydroxide (200 mg/5mL) + Dimethicone (20 mg/5mL) + Magnesium hydroxide (200 mg/5mL) Liquid Oral Nucare Pharmaceuticals,inc. 2012-06-01 Not applicable US Advanced Regular Strength Antacid Aluminum hydroxide (200 mg/5mL) + Dimethicone (20 mg/5mL) + Magnesium hydroxide (200 mg/5mL) Suspension Oral Walgreen Company 2015-01-01 Not applicable US AHC Premium Intense Contour Balm Aluminum hydroxide (0.45 g/50mL) + Adenosine (0.02 g/50mL) + Aluminium tristearate (0.04 g/50mL) + Arbutin (1 g/50mL) + Methicone (20 CST) (1.3 g/50mL) + Octinoxate (1.5 g/50mL) + Talc (2.05 g/50mL) + Titanium dioxide (3.96 g/50mL) + Zinc oxide (0.96 g/50mL) Cream Topical Carver Korea Co.,Ltd. 2014-01-15 2017-11-22 US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image AHC Premium Intense Contour Balm Aluminum hydroxide (0.45 g/50mL) + Adenosine (0.02 g/50mL) + Aluminium tristearate (0.04 g/50mL) + Arbutin (1 g/50mL) + Methicone (20 CST) (1.3 g/50mL) + Octinoxate (1.5 g/50mL) + Talc (2.05 g/50mL) + Titanium dioxide (3.96 g/50mL) + Zinc oxide (0.96 g/50mL) Cream Topical Carver Korea Co.,Ltd. 2014-01-15 2017-11-22 US FIRST Mouthwash BLM Aluminum hydroxide (3.15 g/236mL) + Dimethicone 410 (0.315 g/236mL) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (.2 g/.2g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (1.6 g/1.6g) + Magnesium hydroxide (3.15 g/236mL) Kit Oral CutisPharma, Inc. 2004-11-01 Not applicable US Medi Hydro DP BB Cream Aluminum hydroxide (0.07 mg/100mL) + Adenosine (0.00004 mg/100mL) + Nicotinamide (0.02 mg/100mL) + Stearic acid (0.05 mg/100mL) + Titanium dioxide (0.05 mg/100mL) Cream Topical Mbg Inc (Korea Institute of Science Development) 2017-08-08 2018-08-08 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- A02AB02 — Algeldrate
- A02AB — Aluminium compounds
- A02A — ANTACIDS
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- A02AB — Aluminium compounds
- A02A — ANTACIDS
- A02 — DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Acids
- Acids, Noncarboxylic
- Adjuvants, Immunologic
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Alkalies
- Aluminium Compounds
- Aluminum and magnesium containing antacids
- Anions
- Antacids
- Antacids and Adsorbents
- Carbon Compounds, Inorganic
- Carbonic Acid
- Drugs for Acid Related Disorders
- Electrolytes
- Gastric Acid Lowering Agents
- Gastrointestinal Agents
- Hydroxides
- Immunologic Factors
- Ions
- Metal cations
- Metal divalent cations
- Miscellaneous Local Anti-infectives
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as post-transition metal hydroxides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest oxoanion is hydroxide, and in which the heaviest atom not in an oxoanion is a post-transition metal.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
- Class
- Post-transition metal oxoanionic compounds
- Sub Class
- Post-transition metal hydroxides
- Direct Parent
- Post-transition metal hydroxides
- Alternative Parents
- Post-transition metal salts / Inorganic salts / Inorganic oxides / Inorganic hydrides
- Substituents
- Inorganic hydride / Inorganic oxide / Inorganic post-transition metal salt / Inorganic salt / Post-transition metal hydroxide
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- aluminium hydroxides (CHEBI:33130)
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 5QB0T2IUN0
- CAS number
- 21645-51-2
- InChI Key
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
- InChI
- InChI=1S/Al.3H2O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3
- IUPAC Name
- aluminium(3+) trihydroxide
- SMILES
- [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3]
References
- Synthesis Reference
Richard H. Goheen, William A. Nigro, Paul J. The, "Process for producing aluminum hydroxide of improved whiteness." U.S. Patent US4915930, issued November, 1933.
US4915930- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- KEGG Compound
- C13391
- PubChem Compound
- 10176082
- PubChem Substance
- 175427087
- ChemSpider
- 8351587
- 81948
- ChEBI
- 33130
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1200706
- Wikipedia
- Aluminum_hydroxide
- AHFS Codes
- 56:04.00 — Antacids and Adsorbents
- 84:04.92 — Miscellaneous Local Anti-infectives
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Prevention Vaccine Responsiveness During Allergy De-sensitization Treatment / Vaccine Responsiveness in Allergy 1 4 Completed Treatment Dyspepsia 1 4 Completed Treatment Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 1 4 Recruiting Treatment Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS) 1 4 Unknown Status Treatment Esophageal Cancers / Malignant Neoplasm of Stomach 1 3 Active Not Recruiting Supportive Care Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasm / Mucositis / Radiation-Induced Disorder 1 3 Completed Prevention Papillomavirus Infections / Papillomavirus Vaccines 1 3 Completed Treatment Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 1 3 Completed Treatment Rhinoconjunctivitis, Allergic 1 3 Terminated Other Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Suspension Intra-articular; Oral 0.6 g Tablet; tablet, chewable Oral 200 mg Tablet Oral 152 mg Suspension Oral 13.45 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 2.39 g Suspension Oral 200 ml Liquid Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Suspension Oral 200 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 200 mg Tablet Oral 200 mg Liquid Oral 600 mg/5mL Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 600 mg Suspension Oral 50 mg Suspension Oral 102 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 1.25 g/5mL Suspension Oral 275 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 275.33 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 45.9 mg/5mL Tablet, chewable Oral 273 mg Suspension Oral 61.25 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 2.15 g/5mL Tablet Oral 500 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 500 mg Gel Oral 320 mg/5mL Liquid Oral 320 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 305 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 370 mg/5mL Tablet, chewable Oral 300 mg Tablet 330 mg Tablet Oral 230 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 320 mg Tablet 250 mg Tablet Oral 120 mg Suspension Oral 112.2 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 153 mg/5mL Injection, suspension Intramuscular 40 IU Tablet, chewable Oral 350 mg Tablet 200 mg Tablet 191.25 mg Suspension Oral 320 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 220 mg/5mL Tablet, chewable Oral 220 mg Suspension Oral 40 mg Tablet Oral 20 mg Suspension Oral 306 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 60 mg/15ml Tablet 400 mg Tablet 30 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 30 mg Granule Oral 400 mg Suspension Oral 0.4 g Tablet Oral 129.6 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 250 mg Tablet Oral 350 mg Ointment Topical 2.5 g/25g Ointment Topical 0.275 g/100g Ointment Topical 1.356 g/113g Ointment Topical Ointment Topical 2 g/100g Tablet, chewable Oral 50 mg Suspension Oral 32.501 g Capsule, liquid filled Oral 100 mg Tablet 40 mg Tablet, chewable Buccal 470 mg Tablet Oral 300 mg Suspension Oral 30 mg/5ml Solution Oral Powder Oral Tablet, chewable Oral 275 mg Kit Oral Suspension Oral 250 mg Suspension Oral 1.75 g Suspension Oral 4 g Suspension Oral 6.3 g Suspension Oral 26.49 g Tablet Oral 400 mg Suspension Oral 4000 mg Suspension Oral 6 g Suspension Oral 325 mg/5ml Tablet, chewable Oral 325 mg Suspension Oral 261.44 mg Suspension Oral 13 g Suspension Oral 1.483 g Tablet, chewable Buccal 200 mg Gel Buccal; Oral 4 g Suspension Oral 5.84 g Suspension Oral 20 mg Granule Oral Liquid Topical Suspension 50 mg/5ml Tablet Oral 100 mg Suspension Oral 262 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 6 g Suspension Oral 3.5 % Suspension Oral 3.65 g/100ml Suspension Oral 3.65 % Suspension Oral 4 % Suspension Oral 460 mg Tablet Oral 250 mg Tablet, chewable Oral 400 mg Suspension Oral 400 mg Tablet Oral 25 mg Suspension Oral 4.5 g Tablet 120 mg Suspension Oral 76.67 mg/5mL Tablet Oral 240 mg Suspension Oral 400 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 225 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 250 mg/5mL Injection, powder, for suspension Intramuscular 10 mcg/0.5ml Suspension Oral Suspension Oral 10 mg/5ml Suspension Oral 8 g Tablet, chewable Oral 0.279 g Suspension Oral 204 mg/5mL Tablet, chewable Oral 234 mg Suspension Oral 6.15 g Suspension Oral 0.6 g Suspension Oral 300 mg Suspension Oral 80 mg Suspension Oral 400 mg/10ml Ointment Topical Tablet Oral Suspension Oral 3 g Gel Oral 80 mg/5ml Suspension 200 mg/5ml Suspension Oral 83.35 mg Cream Topical Tablet Oral 30 mg Suspension Oral 57.97 g Suspension Oral 86.67 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 172.33 mg/5mL Suspension Oral 600 mg/5mL Liquid Oral 8 % w/v Suspension Oral 300 mg/5mL Tablet, chewable Oral 200 mg - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source logP 1.45 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.07 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 3 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon Refractivity 0 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 1.78 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 0 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule Yes ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.5922 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8181 Caco-2 permeable - 0.5094 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.8274 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9892 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9783 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9433 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8282 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.8206 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9291 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9148 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9584 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9447 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9672 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9578 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8393 Carcinogenicity Carcinogens 0.5918 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.81 Rat acute toxicity 1.7247 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9592 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9742
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Drug created on August 09, 2010 11:11 / Updated on January 25, 2021 22:38