Tetracaine
Identification
- Name
- Tetracaine
- Accession Number
- DB09085
- Description
Tetracaine is an ester local anaesthetic currently available in combination with lidocaine as a cream and patch.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Tetracaine (DB09085)
- Weight
- Average: 264.369
Monoisotopic: 264.183778021 - Chemical Formula
- C15H24N2O2
- Synonyms
- 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 4-(butylamino)benzoate
- 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl p-(butylamino)benzoate
- Amethocaine
- Amethocaine HCl
- Diäthylaminoäthanol ester der p-butylaminobenzösäure
- Dicaine
- Medihaler-Tetracaine
- Metraspray
- p-(butylamino)benzoic acid β-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester
- p-Butylaminobenzoyl-2-dimethylaminoethanol
- Tetracaína
- Tétracaïne
- Tetracaine
- Tetracaine HCl
Pharmacology
- Indication
Ophthalmic tetracaine is indicated for the for procedures requiring a rapid and short- acting topical ophthalmic anesthetic.
The combination lidocaine and tetracaine patch is indicated for local dermal analgesia for superficial dermatological procedures and superficial venous access. The combination lidocaine and tetracaine cream is intended to provide topical local analgesia for superficial dermatological procedures.
- Associated Conditions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Learn about our commercial Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings data.
Learn More- Pharmacodynamics
- Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Tetracaine is an ester-type anesthetic and produces local anesthesia by blocking the sodium ion channels involved in initiation and conduction of neuronal impulses.
Target Actions Organism ARyanodine receptor 1 modulatorHumans ARyanodine receptor 2 modulatorHumans AVoltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit blockerHumans - Absorption
Systemic absorption of anaesthetic from the combination cream is directly related to the duration and surface area of application. Although peak plasma concentrations for lidocaine were measured, plasma levels for tetracaine could not be determined due to low levels (<0.9 ng/mL)
- Volume of distribution
Tetracaine is rapidly hydrolyzed in the plasma; therefore, volume of distribution could not be determined.
- Protein binding
Tetracaine is rapidly hydrolyzed in the plasma; therefore, protein binding could not be determined.
- Metabolism
Tetracaine is rapidly hydrolyzed by plasma esterases to the following primary metabolites: para-aminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol. The activity of both metabolites is unspecified.
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- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half-life
Tetracaine is hydrolyzed rapidly in the plasma; therefore, half-life has not been determined.
- Clearance
Tetracaine is hydrolyzed rapidly in the plasma; therefore, clearance has not been determined.
- Adverse Effects
Learn about our commercial Adverse Effects data.
Learn More- Toxicity
The most common adverse effects with the combination cream are localized reactions such as: erythema (47%), skin discoloration (16%), and edema (14%). Systemic adverse events were less common, occurring at a rate of <1% and included vomiting, headache, dizziness, and fever. Similar to other amide and ester anesthetics, CNS excitation and/or depression may occur. It is not well known at which plasma concentration systemic toxicity occurs with tetracaine; however, the threshold is thought to be much lower than that of lidocaine which is 1000 ng/mL.
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Unlock Additional DataAcetazolamide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Tetracaine. Acetophenazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetophenazine is combined with Tetracaine. Aclidinium Tetracaine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Aclidinium. Agomelatine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Agomelatine is combined with Tetracaine. Alfentanil The therapeutic efficacy of Tetracaine can be increased when used in combination with Alfentanil. Alimemazine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alimemazine is combined with Tetracaine. Almotriptan The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Almotriptan is combined with Tetracaine. Alosetron The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alosetron is combined with Tetracaine. Alprazolam The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alprazolam is combined with Tetracaine. Alverine The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alverine is combined with Tetracaine. Additional Data Available- Extended DescriptionExtended DescriptionAvailable for Purchase
Extended description of the mechanism of action and particular properties of each drug interaction.
Learn more - SeveritySeverityAvailable for Purchase
A severity rating for each drug interaction, from minor to major.
Learn more - Evidence LevelEvidence LevelAvailable for Purchase
A rating for the strength of the evidence supporting each drug interaction.
Learn more - ActionActionAvailable for Purchase
An effect category for each drug interaction. Know how this interaction affects the subject drug.
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- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Tetracaine hydrochloride 5NF5D4OPCI 136-47-0 PPWHTZKZQNXVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Pontocaine HCl
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataAltacaine Solution 5 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Altaire Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2002-02-01 2019-07-15 US 
Ametop Gel 4% Gel Topical Valeo Pharma Corp. 1998-03-16 Not applicable Canada 
Niphanoid Injection, powder, for solution 10 mg/1mL Subarachnoid Hospira, Inc. 1997-06-09 2015-01-01 US Not Applicable Injection 10 mg/1mL Subarachnoid Bpi Labs Llc 2020-06-26 Not applicable US Pontocaine Powder, for solution Intraspinal Hospira Healthcare Ulc 2001-07-15 2018-11-29 Canada Pontocaine 5 mg/ml Solution Ophthalmic Hospira Healthcare Ulc 2001-06-01 2018-11-29 Canada Pontocaine Dps 0.5% Solution / drops Ophthalmic Sanofi 1937-12-31 2001-08-10 Canada Pontocaine Pws Inj 20mg/amp Powder, for solution Intraspinal Sanofi 1951-12-31 2001-08-10 Canada Supracaine Aerosol 11.6mg/gm Aerosol, metered Oral; Topical Hoechst Roussel Canada Inc. 1993-12-31 2000-07-28 Canada Tetracaine Injection 10 mg/1mL Subarachnoid Akorn, Inc. 2010-06-01 Not applicable US Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Unlock Additional DataBlt 3 Ointment 2 g/100g Topical CENTURA PHARMACEUTICALS INC 2016-10-30 Not applicable US Burn Cream Cream 10 mg/1mL Topical Bio-Medical & Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Corporation 2016-08-19 Not applicable US Burn Solution Cream Cream 10 mg/1mL Topical Burn Solution Foundations 2016-08-23 Not applicable US Comfortox Tetracaine Cream 20 mg/1000mg Topical Sambria Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2016-09-14 Not applicable US Eclipse Topical Analgesic LL Cream 20 mg/1000mg Topical Sambria Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2016-02-01 Not applicable US Minims Tetracaine Hydrochloride Solution / drops Ophthalmic Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada Minims Tetracaine Hydrochloride Solution / drops Ophthalmic Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada NeuroMed LA Cream 20 mg/1mL Topical Sambria Pharmaceuticals 2015-12-22 2016-05-23 US NeuroMed Topical Analgesic LA Cream 20 mg/1000mg Topical Sambria Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2016-02-01 Not applicable US Numfast Tetracaine Green Cream 20 mg/1g Topical Unit Dose, Ltd. 2016-01-20 Not applicable US Additional Data Available- Application NumberApplication NumberAvailable for Purchase
A unique ID assigned by the FDA when a product is submitted for approval by the labeller.
Learn more - Product CodeProduct CodeAvailable for Purchase
A governmentally-recognized ID which uniquely identifies the product within its regulatory market.
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- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BLT Skin Cream Tetracaine (0.01 g/1g) + Benzocaine (0.2 g/1g) + Lidocaine (0.04 g/1g) Cream Topical M2B Pharma LLC 2020-02-04 Not applicable US Blue Gel Anesthetic Tetracaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1g) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (40 mg/1g) Gel Topical Dermal Source, Inc. 2004-03-01 Not applicable US Cetacaine Liquid Tetracaine hydrochloride (2 %) + Benzocaine (14 %) + Butamben (2 %) Liquid Topical Cetylite Industries, Inc. 1996-09-19 Not applicable Canada Cetacaine Spray Tetracaine hydrochloride (2 %) + Benzocaine (14 %) + Butamben (2 %) Aerosol Topical Cetylite Industries, Inc. 1994-12-31 Not applicable Canada Cutiecaine Tetracaine (20 mg/1g) + Benzocaine (180 mg/1g) Cream Topical Innovatech Inc 2010-08-31 Not applicable US Denti-care Topical Anesthetic Gel Tetracaine hydrochloride (2 %) + Benzocaine (18 %) Gel Topical Amd Medicom Inc 1999-11-29 Not applicable Canada Denti-care Topical Anesthetic Liquid Spray Tetracaine hydrochloride (2.0 %) + Benzocaine (18.0 %) Spray Topical Amd Medicom Inc 2000-05-01 2006-08-03 Canada Denticare Pro-freeze Tetracaine hydrochloride (2 %) + Benzocaine (18 %) Gel Topical Amd Medicom Inc 2009-04-16 Not applicable Canada Dermacaine-R Tetracaine (2 %) + Benzocaine (18 %) Cream Topical Innovatech Inc Not applicable Not applicable Canada Endospray Tetracaine hydrochloride (2 mg) + Benzocaine (18 mg) Aerosol, metered Topical Axcan Pharma 1998-05-05 2002-09-26 Canada - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Altacaine Tetracaine hydrochloride (5 mg/1mL) Solution Ophthalmic Altaire Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2002-02-01 2019-07-15 US Benzocaine 20% / Lidocaine 10% / Tetracaine 10% Tetracaine (10 g/100g) + Benzocaine (20 g/100g) + Lidocaine (10 g/100g) Cream Topical Sincerus Florida, LLC 2019-05-22 Not applicable US Benzocaine 20% / Lidocaine 10% / Tetracaine 10% Tetracaine (10 g/100g) + Benzocaine (20 g/100g) + Lidocaine (10 g/100g) Ointment Topical Sincerus Florida, LLC 2019-05-17 Not applicable US Benzocaine 20% / Lidocaine 10% / Tetracaine 10% Tetracaine (10 g/100g) + Benzocaine (20 g/100g) + Lidocaine (10 g/100g) Cream Topical Sincerus Florida, LLC 2019-05-22 Not applicable US Cetacaine Anesthetic Tetracaine hydrochloride (0.004 g/0.2g) + Benzocaine (0.028 g/0.2g) + Butamben (0.004 g/0.2g) Solution Topical Cetylite Industries, Inc. 1960-01-01 Not applicable US Cetacaine Anesthetic Tetracaine hydrochloride (0.004 g/0.2g) + Benzocaine (0.028 g/0.2g) + Butamben (0.004 g/0.2g) Aerosol, spray Topical Cetylite Industries, Inc. 1958-01-01 Not applicable US Cetacaine Topical Anesthetic Tetracaine hydrochloride (0.004 g/0.2g) + Benzocaine (0.028 g/0.2g) + Butamben (0.004 g/0.2g) Gel Topical Cetylite Industries, Inc. 1960-01-01 Not applicable US Cetacaine Topical Anesthetic Tetracaine hydrochloride (0.004 g/0.2g) + Benzocaine (0.028 g/0.2g) + Butamben (0.004 g/0.2g) Gel Topical Cetylite Industries, Inc. 1960-01-01 Not applicable US Denti-Care Denti-Freeze Topical Anesthetic Bubblegum Tetracaine hydrochloride (0.02 g/1g) + Benzocaine (0.18 g/1g) Gel Dental Amd Medicom Inc. 2000-02-01 2021-08-31 US Denti-Care Denti-Freeze Topical Anesthetic Cherry Tetracaine hydrochloride (0.02 g/1g) + Benzocaine (0.18 g/1g) Gel Dental Amd Medicom Inc. 2000-04-01 2021-09-30 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C05AD02 — Tetracaine
- C05AD — Local anesthetics
- C05A — AGENTS FOR TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS AND ANAL FISSURES FOR TOPICAL USE
- C05 — VASOPROTECTIVES
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- D04AB — Anesthetics for topical use
- D04A — ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC.
- D04 — ANTIPRURITICS, INCL. ANTIHISTAMINES, ANESTHETICS, ETC.
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
- Drug Categories
- Acids, Carbocyclic
- Agents for Treatment of Hemorrhoids and Anal Fissures for Topical Use
- Aminobenzoates
- Anesthetics
- Anesthetics for Topical Use
- Anesthetics, General
- Anesthetics, Local
- Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
- Antipruritics, Incl. Antihistamines, Anesthetics, Etc.
- Benzene Derivatives
- Benzoates
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Dental Agents
- Dermatologicals
- Esters of Aminobenzoic Acid
- Local Anesthesia
- Local Anesthetics (Ester)
- Nervous System
- Ophthalmologicals
- para-Aminobenzoates
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Sensory Organs
- Sensory System Agents
- Vasoprotectives
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters. These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Benzoic acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Benzoic acid esters
- Alternative Parents
- Aminobenzoic acids and derivatives / Phenylalkylamines / Benzoyl derivatives / Aniline and substituted anilines / Secondary alkylarylamines / Trialkylamines / Carboxylic acid esters / Amino acids and derivatives / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Organopnictogen compounds show 3 more
- Substituents
- Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives / Aniline or substituted anilines / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzoate ester / Benzoyl / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Hydrocarbon derivative show 12 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- tertiary amino compound, benzoate ester (CHEBI:9468)
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 0619F35CGV
- CAS number
- 94-24-6
- InChI Key
- GKCBAIGFKIBETG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C15H24N2O2/c1-4-5-10-16-14-8-6-13(7-9-14)15(18)19-12-11-17(2)3/h6-9,16H,4-5,10-12H2,1-3H3
- IUPAC Name
- 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 4-(butylamino)benzoate
- SMILES
- CCCCNC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OCCN(C)C
References
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- KEGG Drug
- D00551
- KEGG Compound
- C07526
- PubChem Compound
- 5411
- PubChem Substance
- 310265012
- ChemSpider
- 5218
- BindingDB
- 50017659
- 10391
- ChEBI
- 9468
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL698
- ZINC
- ZINC000001530811
- PharmGKB
- PA451638
- PDBe Ligand
- TE4
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Tetracaine
- AHFS Codes
- 84:08.00 — Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
- 34:00.00 — Dental Agents
- 28:04.00 — General Anesthetics
- 72:00.00 — Local Anesthetics
- 52:16.00 — Local Anesthetics
- PDB Entries
- 4omw / 4y0p
- FDA label
- Download (3.51 MB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Prevention Anesthesia of Mucous Membrane 1 4 Completed Supportive Care Arterial Catheterization 1 4 Completed Supportive Care Pain 1 4 Completed Treatment Dermatitis Papillaris Capillitii / Tattooing 1 4 Completed Treatment Disseminated Sclerosis 1 4 Completed Treatment Epicondylitis of the Elbow 1 4 Completed Treatment Healthy Volunteers 1 4 Completed Treatment Laceration of Skin / LET 1 4 Completed Treatment Laceration / LET / Procedural Pain 1 4 Completed Treatment Local Anesthesia of the Skin 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Gel Topical Ointment Topical Ointment Topical 2 g/100g Cream Topical 10 mg/1mL Solution Topical Aerosol Topical Gel Topical Cream Topical Gel Dental Solution / drops Buccal 1 g/100g Aerosol, metered Topical Aerosol, spray Topical Ointment Topical 0.4 g Spray Nasal Cream Topical 20 mg/1mL Cream Topical 20 mg/1000mg Injection, powder, for solution Subarachnoid 10 mg/1mL Cream Topical 20 mg/1g Gel Dental; Topical Gel Buccal Solution / drops Auricular (otic) 3.3 mg Gel Oral; Topical Solution / drops Ophthalmic 0.5 % Cream Cutaneous 70 MG/G Cream Topical 70 mg/g Cream Topical 2 mg/100mg Solution Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic Powder, for solution Intraspinal Plaster Transdermal 70 mg Cream Rectal 4.5 % Ointment Topical 0.5 % Suppository Rectal 45 mg Cream Cutaneous 1 % Kit Infiltration; Topical Liquid Infiltration; Subcutaneous; Topical Liquid Parenteral; Topical Liquid Infiltration Liquid Infiltration; Subcutaneous Aerosol, metered Dental Aerosol, metered Oral; Topical Patch Cutaneous Patch Topical Suppository Topical 15 MG Gel Topical 20 mg/1000mL Injection Subarachnoid 10 mg/1mL Powder Not applicable 1 g/1g Solution Ophthalmic 5 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 5 mg/1mL Cream Topical Gel Topical 20 mg/1g Spray Topical Liquid Ophthalmic 25 mg/5mL Gel Oral 18 g/100g Liquid Topical Aerosol Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region Unlock Additional DataUS6546281 No 2003-04-08 2015-07-28 US US5658583 No 1997-08-19 2015-07-28 US US6465006 No 2002-10-15 2015-07-28 US US6465709 No 2002-10-15 2020-07-07 US US6780426 No 2004-08-24 2015-07-28 US US6306431 No 2001-10-23 2015-07-28 US US5919479 No 1999-07-06 2015-07-28 US US6528086 No 2003-03-04 2019-09-28 US US8580282 No 2013-11-12 2030-04-02 US US6413499 No 2002-07-02 2020-03-20 US US9308191 No 2016-04-12 2030-04-02 US US10350180 No 2019-07-16 2031-01-14 US US10603293 No 2011-01-14 2031-01-14 US US10751305 No 2011-01-14 2031-01-14 US Additional Data Available- Filed OnFiled OnAvailable for Purchase
The date on which a patent was filed with the relevant government.
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Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.555 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.54 ALOGPS logP 2.79 ChemAxon logS -2.7 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Basic) 8.42 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 41.57 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 9 ChemAxon Refractivity 80.17 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 31.9 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 1 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter Yes ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tu...
- Gene Name
- RYR1
- Uniprot ID
- P21817
- Uniprot Name
- Ryanodine receptor 1
- Molecular Weight
- 565170.715 Da
References
- Laver DR, van Helden DF: Three independent mechanisms contribute to tetracaine inhibition of cardiac calcium release channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 Sep;51(3):357-69. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 May 19. [PubMed:21624373]
- Lanner JT, Georgiou DK, Joshi AD, Hamilton SL: Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Nov;2(11):a003996. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003996. Epub 2010 Oct 20. [PubMed:20961976]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Modulator
- General Function
- Suramin binding
- Specific Function
- Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activa...
- Gene Name
- RYR2
- Uniprot ID
- Q92736
- Uniprot Name
- Ryanodine receptor 2
- Molecular Weight
- 564562.71 Da
References
- Laver DR, van Helden DF: Three independent mechanisms contribute to tetracaine inhibition of cardiac calcium release channels. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2011 Sep;51(3):357-69. doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.05.009. Epub 2011 May 19. [PubMed:21624373]
- Lanner JT, Georgiou DK, Joshi AD, Hamilton SL: Ryanodine receptors: structure, expression, molecular details, and function in calcium release. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2010 Nov;2(11):a003996. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003996. Epub 2010 Oct 20. [PubMed:20961976]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Blocker
- General Function
- Voltage-gated sodium channel activity
- Specific Function
- Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a...
Components:
References
- Fozzard HA, Sheets MF, Hanck DA: The sodium channel as a target for local anesthetic drugs. Front Pharmacol. 2011 Nov 1;2:68. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00068. eCollection 2011. [PubMed:22053156]
- Gammaitoni AR, Goitz HT, Marsh S, Marriott TB, Galer BS: Heated lidocaine/tetracaine patch for treatment of patellar tendinopathy pain. J Pain Res. 2013 Jul 19;6:565-70. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S46239. Print 2013. [PubMed:23888118]
Drug created on September 15, 2015 14:08 / Updated on January 25, 2021 22:38