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Identification
- Summary
Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate is an ionic compound used for electrolyte replenishment and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) therapy.
- Generic Name
- Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09409
- Background
Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate is a hydrated form of anhydrous magnesium acetate salt with the chemical formula of Mg(CH3COO)2 • 4H2O. As a salt form of magnesium, magnesium acetate is one of the bioavailable forms of magnesium and forms a very water soluble compound. Magnesium is an essential element and second most abundant cation in the body that plays a key role in maintaining normal cellular function such as production of ATP and efficient enzyme activity. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be used as an electrolyte supplementation or a reagent in molecular biology experiments.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (DB09409)
- Weight
- Average: 214.453
Monoisotopic: 214.05390911 - Chemical Formula
- C4H14MgO8
- Synonyms
- Acetic acid, magnesium salt, tetrahydrate
- Magnesium diacetate tetrahydrate
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used as magnesium salf-containing laxatives to prevent constipation. It can bring synergistic effect to restore normal bowel function when using in combination with aluminum salts that induce bowel retention 8. Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate is used as a source of water and electrolytes when combined with dextrose and other salts to form intravenous infusions. This injection can be used for patients with carbohydrate or magnesium deficiency, insulin hypoglycemia, constipation or hypertension during pregnancy.
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Magnesium is an essential cofactor for many enzymatic reactions such as protein synthesis and ATP production. It also participates in adenylyl cyclase pathway and tyrosine kinase signalling pathways. Magnesium may also play a role in regulating glucose metabolism. It serves as an essential cation for a number of biochemical processes involved in nerve signaling, bone mineralization and muscle contractions.
- Mechanism of action
Magnesium is an essential element that regulates vascular function and blood pressure. Magnesium ions electrostatically stabilize the adenylyl cyclase complex and enhance its catalytic actions and production of cAMP. They also regulate the level of phosphorylation in various pathways by the formation of a transition state of phosphoryl transfer reaction by protein kinases and stabilize ATP binding to protein kinases via electrostatic interactions 7. Many metabolic enzymes involved in glycolysis and Krebs cycle are magnesium-dependent. Studies show that magnesium ions decrease blood pressure and that magnesium deficiency is often associated with vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure 4. Magnesium ions also regulate other ions entering and exiting the cell membrane by acting as a ligand in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.
Magnesium-containing laxatives cause diarrhea through water retention and increased fecal mass, which stimulates peristalsis. When used as an electrolyte supplement, magnesium acetate tetrahydrate induces diuresis and a metabolic alkalinizing effect.
Target Actions Organism UGlutamate (NMDA) receptor ligandHumans - Absorption
Intestinal absorption is achieved mainly through passive diffusion.
- Volume of distribution
Magnesium ions display approximate volume of distribution of 0.2 to 0.4 L/kg
- Protein binding
Protein binding of magnesium ions is about 30%
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Mainly renal exctretion, where up to 97% of magnesium may be excreted renally during hypermagnesemia.
- Half-life
Elimination half-life has been reported to be 27.7 hours following an overdose of 400mEq magnesium in an adult.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Predicted oral LD50 value is >2000mg/kg. In case of mild to moderate toxicity, it may cause irritation in case of skin or eye contact,and nausea or vomiting from ingestion and inhalation. In overdose, magnesium impairs neuromuscular transmission, manifested as weakness and hyporeflexia. Early manifestations of severe toxicity are lethargy, hyporeflexia, followed by weakness, paralysis, hypotension, ECG changes (prolonged PR and QRS intervals), CNS depression, seizures, and respiratory depression.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcetazolamide The risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate. Alfentanil The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be decreased when used in combination with Alfentanil. Amiloride The risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Amiloride is combined with Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate. Amiodarone The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be decreased when used in combination with Amiodarone. Amlodipine The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate can be decreased when used in combination with Amlodipine. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Magnesium cation ionic T6V3LHY838 22537-22-0 JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ELETTROLITICA BILANCIATA DI MANTENIMENTO CON GLUCOSIO GALENICA SENESE Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.32 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (55 g/L) + Potassium acetate (0.98 g/L) + Sodium chloride (2.34 g/L) Injection, solution Intravenous Industria Farmaceutica Galenica Senese S.R.L. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy 
ELETTROLITICA BILANCIATA DI MANTENIMENTO CON GLUCOSIO GALENICA SENESE Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.32 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (55 g/L) + Potassium acetate (1.28 g/L) + Sodium chloride (2.34 g/L) Injection, solution Intravenous Industria Farmaceutica Galenica Senese S.R.L. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy ELETTROLITICA BILANCIATA DI MANTENIMENTO CON GLUCOSIO GALENICA SENESE Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.32 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (55 g/L) + Potassium acetate (1.28 g/L) + Sodium chloride (2.34 g/L) Injection, solution Intravenous Industria Farmaceutica Galenica Senese S.R.L. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy ELETTROLITICA BILANCIATA DI MANTENIMENTO CON GLUCOSIO GALENICA SENESE Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.32 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (55 g/L) + Potassium acetate (0.98 g/L) + Sodium chloride (2.34 g/L) Injection, solution Intravenous Industria Farmaceutica Galenica Senese S.R.L. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy ELETTROLITICA BILANCIATA DI MANTENIMENTO CON GLUCOSIO GALENICA SENESE Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.32 g/L) + D-glucose monohydrate (55 g/L) + Potassium acetate (1.28 g/L) + Sodium chloride (2.34 g/L) Injection, solution Intravenous Industria Farmaceutica Galenica Senese S.R.L. 2014-07-08 Not applicable Italy - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image PROCALAMINE SISE 1000 ML(SETLI) Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.054 g/100ml) + Alanine (0.21 g/100ml) + Arginine (0.29 g/100ml) + Calcium acetate monohydrate (0.026 g/100ml) + Cysteine hydrochloride (0.02 g/100ml) + Glycerin (3 g/100ml) + Glycine (0.42 g/100ml) + Histidine (0.085 g/100ml) + Isoleucine (0.21 g/100ml) + Leucine (0.27 g/100ml) + Lysine (0.22 g/100ml) + Methionine (0.16 g/100ml) + Phenylalanine (0.17 g/100ml) + Phosphoric acid (0.041 g/100ml) + Potassium chloride (0.149 g/100ml) + Potassium metabisulfite (0.05 g/100ml) + Proline (0.34 g/100ml) + Serine (0.18 g/100ml) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (0.204 g/100ml) + Sodium chloride (0.117 g/100ml) + Threonine (0.12 g/100ml) + Tryptophan (0.046 g/100ml) + Valine (0.2 g/100ml) Solution Parenteral ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 2024-01-23 Turkey 
PROCALAMINE SISE 500 ML(SETLI) Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.054 g/100ml) + Alanine (0.21 g/100ml) + Arginine (0.29 g/100ml) + Calcium acetate monohydrate (0.026 g/100ml) + Cysteine hydrochloride (0.02 g/100ml) + Glycerin (3 g/100ml) + Glycine (0.42 g/100ml) + Histidine (0.085 g/100ml) + Isoleucine (0.21 g/100ml) + Leucine (0.27 g/100ml) + Lysine (0.22 g/100ml) + Methionine (0.16 g/100ml) + Phenylalanine (0.17 g/100ml) + Phosphoric acid (0.041 g/100ml) + Potassium chloride (0.149 g/100ml) + Potassium metabisulfite (0.05 g/100ml) + Proline (0.34 g/100ml) + Serine (0.18 g/100ml) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (0.204 g/100ml) + Sodium chloride (0.117 g/100ml) + Threonine (0.12 g/100ml) + Tryptophan (0.046 g/100ml) + Valine (0.2 g/100ml) Solution Parenteral ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 2024-01-23 Turkey PROCALAMINE SISE 500 ML(SETSIZ) Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (0.054 g/100ml) + Alanine (0.21 g/100ml) + Arginine (0.29 g/100ml) + Calcium acetate monohydrate (0.026 g/100ml) + Cysteine hydrochloride (0.02 g/100ml) + Glycerin (3 g/100ml) + Glycine (0.42 g/100ml) + Histidine (0.085 g/100ml) + Isoleucine (0.21 g/100ml) + Leucine (0.27 g/100ml) + Lysine (0.22 g/100ml) + Methionine (0.16 g/100ml) + Phenylalanine (0.17 g/100ml) + Phosphoric acid (0.041 g/100ml) + Potassium chloride (0.149 g/100ml) + Potassium metabisulfite (0.05 g/100ml) + Proline (0.34 g/100ml) + Serine (0.18 g/100ml) + Sodium acetate trihydrate (0.204 g/100ml) + Sodium chloride (0.117 g/100ml) + Threonine (0.12 g/100ml) + Tryptophan (0.046 g/100ml) + Valine (0.2 g/100ml) Solution Parenteral ECZACIBAŞI-BAXTER HASTANE ÜRÜNLERİ SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş. 2013-01-29 2024-01-23 Turkey
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acetate salts. These are organic compounds containing acetic acid as its acid component.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Carboxylic acid derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Acetate salts
- Alternative Parents
- Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organic salts / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Acetate salt / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organic salt / Organooxygen compound
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- I01G0EJC3B
- CAS number
- 16674-78-5
- InChI Key
- XKPKPGCRSHFTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- InChI
- InChI=1S/2C2H4O2.Mg.4H2O/c2*1-2(3)4;;;;;/h2*1H3,(H,3,4);;4*1H2/q;;+2;;;;/p-2
- IUPAC Name
- magnesium(2+) ion diacetate tetrahydrate
- SMILES
- O.O.O.O.[Mg++].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O
References
- General References
- Guerrera MP, Volpe SL, Mao JJ: Therapeutic uses of magnesium. Am Fam Physician. 2009 Jul 15;80(2):157-62. [Article]
- Zimmermann G, Zhou D, Taussig R: Mutations uncover a role for two magnesium ions in the catalytic mechanism of adenylyl cyclase. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jul 31;273(31):19650-5. [Article]
- Rodriguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F: Oral magnesium supplementation improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic control in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;26(4):1147-52. [Article]
- Jin K, Kim TH, Kim YH, Kim YW: Additional antihypertensive effect of magnesium supplementation with an angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypomagnesemic rats. Korean J Intern Med. 2013 Mar;28(2):197-205. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2013.28.2.197. Epub 2013 Feb 27. [Article]
- Touyz RM, Milne FJ: Magnesium supplementation attenuates, but does not prevent, development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens. 1999 Aug;12(8 Pt 1):757-65. [Article]
- Kh R, Khullar M, Kashyap M, Pandhi P, Uppal R: Effect of oral magnesium supplementation on blood pressure, platelet aggregation and calcium handling in deoxycorticosterone acetate induced hypertension in rats. J Hypertens. 2000 Jul;18(7):919-26. [Article]
- Yu L, Xu L, Xu M, Wan B, Yu L, Huang Q.: Role of Mg2+ ions in protein kinase phosphorylation: insights from molecular dynamics simulations of ATP-kinase complexes Molecular Simulation. 2011 September 20;37(14):1143-1150. [Article]
- 29. (2012). In Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed., pp. 364). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. [ISBN:978-0-7020-3471-8]
- 46. (2011). In Goodman and Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics, Pharmacological basis of therapeutics (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. [ISBN:9780071624428]
- 2. (2013). In Clinical naturopathic medicine (pp. 76-78). Elsevier Health Sciences, 2013. [ISBN:9780729582261]
- Civitelli, R., Ziambaras, K. and Leelawattana, R. (1997). 6. In Metabolic Bone Disease and Clinically Related Disorders (pp. 191-194). Academic Press. [ISBN:9780080536279]
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology [Link]
- PLASMA-LYTE 56 and 5% Dextrose Injection (Multiple Electrolytes and Dextrose Injection, Type 1, USP) in VIAFLEX Plastic Container: Drug Label [Link]
- Magnesium Absorption in Humans [Link]
- TOXNET Magnesium compounds [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Compound
- 134717
- PubChem Substance
- 347827845
- ChemSpider
- 118734
- 317246
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL3989858
- Wikipedia
- Magnesium_acetate
- MSDS
- Download (41.6 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data3 Completed Treatment Critically Ill Patients 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 3 Completed Treatment Parenteral Nutrition for Patients With Proven Insufficient Enteral Resorption 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Emulsion Intravenous 0.468 g Solution Intravenous Injection, emulsion Parenteral Emulsion Intravenous 0.466 g Emulsion Parenteral Emulsion Intravenous Injection, solution Solution Parenteral Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.656 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 6.792 g/1000ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous Injection Intravenous Injection, solution Intravenous - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 80 Fischer Scientific MSDS boiling point (°C) 117.1 °C at 760 mmHg Predicted value by Santa Cruz Biotechnology water solubility Soluble Fischer Scientific MSDS - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 98.2 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.29 ALOGPS logP -0.22 Chemaxon logS -0.16 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.54 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 40.13 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 23.48 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 4.96 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Ligand
- General Function
- Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+) (PubMed:26875626, PubMed:26919761, PubMed:28105280, PubMed:28126851, PubMed:7685113). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition (PubMed:26919761)
- Specific Function
- Amyloid-beta binding
Components:
Drug created at November 30, 2015 19:10 / Updated at September 15, 2024 04:39