Tropisetron

Identification

Summary

Tropisetron is a 5HT-3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Generic Name
Tropisetron
DrugBank Accession Number
DB11699
Background

Tropisetron is an indole derivative with antiemetic activity. As a selective serotonin receptor antagonist, tropisetron competitively blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors, resulting in suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Tropisetron appears to be well tolerated with the most frequently reported adverse effect being headache. Extrapyramidal side effects are rare upon using tropisetron.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 284.3529
Monoisotopic: 284.152477894
Chemical Formula
C17H20N2O2
Synonyms
  • Tropisetron

Pharmacology

Indication

For the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic therapy and postoperative.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Prevention ofChemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (cinv)•••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••
Prevention ofChemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (cinv)•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••••• ••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action

Tropisetron competitively binds to and blocks the action of serotonin at 5HT3 receptors peripherally on vagus nerve terminals located in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as well as centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the area postrema of the central nervous system (CNS). This results in the suppression of chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

TargetActionsOrganism
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

The absorption of tropisetron from the gastrointestinal tract is rapid (mean half-life of about 20 minutes) and nearly complete (more than 95%). Due to first-pass metabolism in the liver, the absolute bioavailability of a 5 mg oral dose is 60%. The peak plasma concentration is attained within three hours.

Volume of distribution

400-600 L.

Protein binding

71% bound to plasma protein in a non-specific manner.

Metabolism

The metabolism of tropisetron occurs by hydroxylation at the 5, 6 or 7 positions of its indole ring, followed by a conjugation reaction to the glucuronide or sulphate with excretion in the urine or bile (urine to faeces ratio 5:1). The metabolites have a greatly reduced potency for the 5-HT3 receptor and do not contribute to the pharmacological action of the drug.

Route of elimination

About 8% of tropisetron is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug, 70% as metabolites; 15% is excreted in the feces.

Half-life

5.7 h.

Clearance

1800 ml/min.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

LD50: 265 mg/kg (Rat, oral).

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
Cytochrome P450 2D6CYP2D6*1XNNot AvailableNormal allele duplicated.ADR InferredUltra-rapid drug metabolizer. Risk of toxicity, alternative drug recommended.Details
Cytochrome P450 2D6CYP2D6*2XNNot Available2850C>T / 4180G>C  … show all ADR InferredUltra-rapid drug metabolizer. Risk of toxicity, alternative drug recommended.Details

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Tropisetron is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbacavirAbacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Tropisetron which could result in a higher serum level.
AcebutololAcebutolol may increase the arrhythmogenic activities of Tropisetron.
AceclofenacAceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Tropisetron which could result in a higher serum level.
AcemetacinAcemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Tropisetron which could result in a higher serum level.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Tropisetron HydrochlorideA19338Q2YO105826-92-4XIEGSJAEZIGKSA-LUNMCBQDSA-N
Tropisetron MesylateX2V6FDY03T833482-77-2FFTYLXTULVZQRZ-LUNMCBQDSA-N

Categories

ATC Codes
A04AA03 — Tropisetron
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group (or a derivative thereof) linked to an indole.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Indoles and derivatives
Sub Class
Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Indolecarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Tropane alkaloids / Indoles / Pyrrole carboxylic acids and derivatives / Benzenoids / Substituted pyrroles / Piperidines / N-alkylpyrrolidines / Vinylogous amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Trialkylamines
show 8 more
Substituents
Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Indole
show 18 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
tertiary amino compound, azabicycloalkane, indolyl carboxylate ester (CHEBI:32269)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
6I819NIK1W
CAS number
89565-68-4
InChI Key
ZNRGQMMCGHDTEI-ITGUQSILSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H20N2O2/c1-19-11-6-7-12(19)9-13(8-11)21-17(20)15-10-18-16-5-3-2-4-14(15)16/h2-5,10-13,18H,6-9H2,1H3/t11-,12+,13+
IUPAC Name
(1R,3S,5S)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-yl 1H-indole-3-carboxylate
SMILES
[H][C@]12CC[C@]([H])(C[C@@]([H])(C1)OC(=O)C1=CNC3=CC=CC=C13)N2C

References

General References
  1. product info [Link]
  2. Monograph [Link]
  3. MSDS [Link]
  4. Article [Link]
  5. TITCK Product Information: Navoban (tropisetron) for oral use [Link]
  6. TITCK Product Information: Navoban (tropisetron) for intravenous injection [Link]
KEGG Compound
C13666
PubChem Compound
656665
PubChem Substance
347828064
ChemSpider
16736476
BindingDB
50108392
RxNav
27392
ChEBI
32269
ChEMBL
CHEMBL56564
ZINC
ZINC000100019233
PDBe Ligand
TKT
Wikipedia
Tropisetron
PDB Entries
2wnc / 5oaj / 6his

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentNausea / Vomiting1
4CompletedTreatmentPain1
4CompletedTreatmentPost Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV)1
4RecruitingOtherPOCD - Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction / Postoperative Delirium (POD)1
4RecruitingSupportive CareChemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CapsuleOral5.000 mg
Injection, solution
CapsuleOral
InjectionIntravenous
Injection, solutionOral
Injection, solutionSubcutaneous
Injection, solutionIntravenous2 MG/2ML
SolutionIntravenous; Oral5 mg/5ml
Injection, solutionIntravenous5 mg
CapsuleOral5 mg
Injection, solutionIntravenous5 MG/5ML
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Not Available
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.33 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.14ALOGPS
logP2.63Chemaxon
logS-2.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.18Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.34Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area45.33 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity81.5 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability31.35 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0090000000-b68ddff5ec79907c46af
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03xr-0900000000-d2865e83dcf46461e279
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-02ai-0950000000-86104e47760d76d861e0
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0190000000-a351a4c511369f041517
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0gbd-3910000000-c013badb57c7f22a91a1
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0900000000-2c8bccfb911c2a9c3e90
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-172.1796531
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-167.08723
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+172.7716531
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+169.4828
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+172.6710531
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+175.99667
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Voltage-gated potassium channel activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. This receptor is a ligand-gate...
Gene Name
HTR3A
Uniprot ID
P46098
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A
Molecular Weight
55279.835 Da

Drug created at October 20, 2016 20:40 / Updated at May 27, 2021 02:57