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Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Androsterone sulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0127012MetabolicAndrosterone sulfate, also known as 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 3α-sulfate, is an endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and one of the major urinary metabolites of androgens. … Androsterone sulfate has been identified in the human placenta. Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males.
Drugs: TestosteroneMetabolism and Physiological Effects of Phenyl sulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123213MetabolicPhenyl sulphate is shown to cause albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease. … Phenyl sulphate is a phenolic compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tyrosine and a sulfation reaction in liver hepatic cells.
Metabolism and Physiological Effects of Indoxyl Sulfate
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0123237MetabolicIndoxyl sulfate is an indole compound that is formed through gut microbial metabolism from dietary tryptophan and a sulfation reaction in liver hepatic cells. … It is also shown to cause vascular calcification and disrupt the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation causing muscle atrophy
Glutaminolysis and Cancer
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0002298DiseaseThe transportation of glutamine in and out regulates mTOR activation to coordinate cell growth and proliferation. … Once it reaches malic acid, it is transported outside the mitochondria and transformed into pyruvic acid and lactate.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Pyruvic acid · Biotin · Aspartic acid · L-Glutamine · Succinic acid +9 moreEnzymes: Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 5, 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chainNicotinate and Nicotinamide Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000048MetabolicNicotinate (niacin) and nicotinamide - more commonly known as vitamin B3 - are precursors of the coenzymes nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP … The precursors are fed into the NAD+ biosynthetic pathwaythrough adenylation and phosphoribosylation reactions.
Fructose and Mannose Degradation
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000064MetabolicFructose causes less of an insulin response compared to glucose and thus may be a preferred sugar for diabetics. … Fructose and mannose are monosaccharides that can be found in many foods. Fructose can join with glucose to form sucrose. Mannose can be converted to glucose. Both may be used as food sweeteners.
Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000068MetabolicThis pathway describes the inactivation and catabolism of male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones. … Many steroid hormones are transformed by sulfatases, dehydrogenases and glucuronide transferases to enhance their solubility and to facilitate their elimination.
Enzymes: Steryl-sulfataseNAD+ Signalling and Aging
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0084271SignalingAn interesting link has emerged between NAD+ metabolism, SIRT1, SIRT3, and mitochondrial function. … NR and PARP inhibitors increased life span in worms via activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response UPRmt by sir2.1.
Enzymes: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alphaGlycine and Serine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000004MetabolicThis pathway describes the synthesis and breakdown of several small amino acids, including glycine, serine, and cysteine. … All of these compounds share common intermediates and almost all can be biosynthesized from one another. Serine and glycine are not essential amino acids and can be synthesized from several routes.
Drugs: Pyridoxal phosphate · Tetrahydrofolic acid · Ademetionine · Pyruvic acid · Arginine · Adenosine phosphate +26 moreTaurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism
smpdb.ca/view/SMP0000021Metabolicand returning them to the bile. … This includes acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid, and in turn the formation of bile salts occurs.