Nilvadipine
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Nilvadipine is a calcium channel blocker used to manage arterial hypertension.
- Generic Name
- Nilvadipine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB06712
- Background
Nilvadipine is a calcium channel blocker (CCB) for the treatment of hypertension.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 385.3707
Monoisotopic: 385.127385355 - Chemical Formula
- C19H19N3O6
- Synonyms
- Nilvadipine
- Nilvadipino
- Nilvadipinum
- External IDs
- CL 287,389
- FK 235
- FR-34235
- SK&F 102,362
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the management of vasospastic angina, chronic stable angina and hypertension.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Arterial hypertension •••••••••••• ••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Nilvadipine is similar to other dihydropyridines including amlodipine, felodipine, isradipine, and nicardipine. Nilvadipine is used to treat Prinzmetal's angina, hypertension, and other vascular disorders such as Raynaud's phenomenon. By blocking the calcium channels, Nifedipine inhibits the spasm of the coronary artery and dilates the systemic arteries, results in a increase of myocardial oxygen supply and a decrease in systemic blood pressure.
- Mechanism of action
Nilvadipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium through myocardial and vascular membrane pores by physically plugging the channel. The decrease in intracellular calcium inhibits the contractile processes of smooth muscle cells, causing dilation of the coronary and systemic arteries, increased oxygen delivery to the myocardial tissue, decreased total peripheral resistance, decreased systemic blood pressure, and decreased afterload.
Target Actions Organism AVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C inhibitorHumans AVoltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 inhibitorHumans AVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 inhibitorHumans AVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D inhibitorHumans UVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S inhibitorHumans UVoltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 inhibitorHumans UVoltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H inhibitorHumans UVoltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I inhibitorHumans UVoltage gated L-type calcium channel blockerHumans UVoltage-dependent T-type calcium channel inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The metabolism of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when combined with Nilvadipine. Abaloparatide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Abaloparatide is combined with Nilvadipine. Abametapir The serum concentration of Nilvadipine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Nilvadipine can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Nilvadipine. - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- International/Other Brands
- Nivadil
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C08CA10 — Nilvadipine
- Drug Categories
- Agents causing hyperkalemia
- Antiarrhythmic agents
- Antihypertensive Agents
- Bradycardia-Causing Agents
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Dihydropyridine Derivatives
- Dihydropyridines
- Hypotensive Agents
- Membrane Transport Modulators
- Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Pyridines
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Selective Calcium Channel Blockers With Mainly Vascular Effects
- Vasodilating Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dihydropyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a dihydropyridine moiety bearing a carboxylic acid group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Pyridines and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Hydropyridines
- Direct Parent
- Dihydropyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Nitrobenzenes / Nitroaromatic compounds / Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives / Vinylogous amides / Enoate esters / Methyl esters / Amino acids and derivatives / Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compounds / Nitriles / Azacyclic compounds show 7 more
- Substituents
- Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound / Alpha,beta-unsaturated carboxylic ester / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / C-nitro compound / Carbonitrile / Carbonyl group show 25 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 0214FUT37J
- CAS number
- 75530-68-6
- InChI Key
- FAIIFDPAEUKBEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C19H19N3O6/c1-10(2)28-19(24)15-11(3)21-14(9-20)17(18(23)27-4)16(15)12-6-5-7-13(8-12)22(25)26/h5-8,10,16,21H,1-4H3
- IUPAC Name
- 3-methyl 5-propan-2-yl 2-cyano-6-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate
- SMILES
- COC(=O)C1=C(NC(C)=C(C1C1=CC(=CC=C1)[N+]([O-])=O)C(=O)OC(C)C)C#N
References
- Synthesis Reference
Minoru Nakano, Toshinobu Uemura, Shinichi Morizane, Kiyoshi Okuda, Keiko Nakata, "Method of producing a solid dispersion of the sparingly water-soluble drug, nilvadipine." U.S. Patent US5340591, issued March, 1985.
US5340591- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015657
- KEGG Drug
- D01908
- PubChem Compound
- 4494
- PubChem Substance
- 99443264
- ChemSpider
- 4338
- BindingDB
- 50103634
- 53692
- ChEBI
- 31911
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL517427
- PharmGKB
- PA165958385
- Wikipedia
- Nilvadipine
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data3 Completed Treatment Alzheimer's Disease (AD) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule, extended release Oral 8 MG Capsule, extended release Oral 16 MG Capsule Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0124 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.97 ALOGPS logP 2.24 Chemaxon logS -4.5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 15.75 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -6.7 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 131.56 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 7 Chemaxon Refractivity 100.79 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 37.57 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9377 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9749 Caco-2 permeable + 0.6864 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5516 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.915 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.9125 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8306 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8932 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7268 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.7753 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.5318 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9291 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.6042 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.6375 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8599 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6114 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.5194 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.995 Rat acute toxicity 2.5335 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.7842 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8944
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS splash10-0006-8089000000-4e72729c0e1515bb0113 MS/MS Spectrum - , positive LC-MS/MS splash10-004i-0179000000-b1d9dd06d2542abddd3c Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum 1D NMR Not Applicable - Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 201.9524523 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 188.25157 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 201.7166523 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 191.07695 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 202.0216523 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 198.55168 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents (PubMed:11741969, PubMed:12176756, PubMed:12181424, PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:16299511, PubMed:17071743, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:20953164, PubMed:23677916, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506, PubMed:27218670, PubMed:29078335, PubMed:29742403, PubMed:30023270, PubMed:30172029, PubMed:34163037, PubMed:7737988, PubMed:8099908, PubMed:8392192, PubMed:9013606, PubMed:9087614, PubMed:9607315). Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm (PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506). Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via its role in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells (PubMed:28119464). Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group (Probable)
- Specific Function
- alpha-actinin binding
- Gene Name
- CACNA1C
- Uniprot ID
- Q13936
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C
- Molecular Weight
- 248974.1 Da
References
- Rosenthal J: Nilvadipine: profile of a new calcium antagonist. An overview. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1994;24 Suppl 2:S92-107. [Article]
- Morel N, Buryi V, Feron O, Gomez JP, Christen MO, Godfraind T: The action of calcium channel blockers on recombinant L-type calcium channel alpha1-subunits. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Nov;125(5):1005-12. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Striessnig, J. (2004). Ca 2+ channel blockers. In Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology (pp. 201-207). Berlin: Springer. [ISBN:9783540298328]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel (PubMed:35293990). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- metal ion binding
- Gene Name
- CACNA2D1
- Uniprot ID
- P54289
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1
- Molecular Weight
- 124566.93 Da
References
- Li GR, Deng XL, Sun H, Chung SS, Tse HF, Lau CP: Ion channels in mesenchymal stem cells from rat bone marrow. Stem Cells. 2006 Jun;24(6):1519-28. Epub 2006 Feb 16. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Araie M, Mayama C: Use of calcium channel blockers for glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2011 Jan;30(1):54-71. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.09.002. Epub 2010 Oct 8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels which contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current (By similarity). Plays a role in shifting voltage dependencies of activation and inactivation of the channel (By similarity). May modulate G protein inhibition (By similarity). May contribute to beta-adrenergic augmentation of Ca(2+) influx in cardiomyocytes, thereby regulating increases in heart rate and contractile force (PubMed:36424916). Involved in membrane targeting of the alpha-1 subunit CACNA1C (PubMed:17525370)
- Specific Function
- actin filament binding
- Gene Name
- CACNB2
- Uniprot ID
- Q08289
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2
- Molecular Weight
- 73579.925 Da
References
- Rosenthal J: Nilvadipine: profile of a new calcium antagonist. An overview. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1994;24 Suppl 2:S92-107. [Article]
- Honerjager P, Seibel K: Pharmacodynamics of nilvadipine, a new dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1992;20 Suppl 6:S15-21. [Article]
- Araie M, Mayama C: Use of calcium channel blockers for glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2011 Jan;30(1):54-71. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2010.09.002. Epub 2010 Oct 8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, and by benzothiazepines
- Specific Function
- alpha-actinin binding
- Gene Name
- CACNA1D
- Uniprot ID
- Q01668
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D
- Molecular Weight
- 245138.75 Da
References
- Sinnegger-Brauns MJ, Huber IG, Koschak A, Wild C, Obermair GJ, Einzinger U, Hoda JC, Sartori SB, Striessnig J: Expression and 1,4-dihydropyridine-binding properties of brain L-type calcium channel isoforms. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;75(2):407-14. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.049981. Epub 2008 Nov 24. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Pore-forming, alpha-1S subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle. Calcium channels containing the alpha-1S subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle via their interaction with RYR1, which triggers Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and ultimately results in muscle contraction. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group
- Specific Function
- calmodulin binding
- Gene Name
- CACNA1S
- Uniprot ID
- Q13698
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S
- Molecular Weight
- 212348.1 Da
References
- Peterson BZ, Catterall WA: Allosteric interactions required for high-affinity binding of dihydropyridine antagonists to Ca(V)1.1 Channels are modulated by calcium in the pore. Mol Pharmacol. 2006 Aug;70(2):667-75. Epub 2006 May 4. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Acts as a regulatory subunit for P/Q-type calcium channel (CACNA1A), N-type (CACNA1B), L-type (CACNA1C OR CACNA1D) but not T-type (CACNA1G) (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- metal ion binding
- Gene Name
- CACNA2D3
- Uniprot ID
- Q8IZS8
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3
- Molecular Weight
- 123010.22 Da
References
- Furukawa T, Nukada T, Suzuki K, Fujita Y, Mori Y, Nishimura M, Yamanaka M: Voltage and pH dependent block of cloned N-type Ca2+ channels by amlodipine. Br J Pharmacol. 1997 Jul;121(6):1136-40. [Article]
- Furukawa T, Yamakawa T, Midera T, Sagawa T, Mori Y, Nukada T: Selectivities of dihydropyridine derivatives in blocking Ca(2+) channel subtypes expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Nov;291(2):464-73. [Article]
- Miyashita Y, Furukawa T, Kamegaya E, Yoshii M, Nukada T: A region of N-type Ca(2+) channel critical for blockade by the dihydropyridine amlodipine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Apr 25;632(1-3):14-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.01.006. Epub 2010 Jan 22. [Article]
- Murakami M, Nakagawasai O, Fujii S, Kameyama K, Murakami S, Hozumi S, Esashi A, Taniguchi R, Yanagisawa T, Tan-no K, Tadano T, Kitamura K, Kisara K: Antinociceptive action of amlodipine blocking N-type Ca2+ channels at the primary afferent neurons in mice. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 May 11;419(2-3):175-81. [Article]
- Ogihara T, Kano T, Kakinuma C: Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of dihydropyridines on N-type calcium channel by virtual three-dimensional pharmacophore modeling. Arzneimittelforschung. 2009;59(6):283-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296398. [Article]
- Qu YL, Sugiyama K, Ohnuki T, Hattori K, Watanabe K, Nagatomo T: Comparison of binding affinities of omega-conotoxin and amlodipine to N-type Ca2+ channels in rat brain. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao. 1998 Mar;19(2):97-100. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channel that gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation (PubMed:27149520, PubMed:9670923, PubMed:9930755). T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle (Probable). They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons (PubMed:15048902). In the adrenal zona glomerulosa, participates in the signaling pathway leading to aldosterone production in response to either AGT/angiotensin II, or hyperkalemia (PubMed:25907736, PubMed:27729216)
- Specific Function
- high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Gene Name
- CACNA1H
- Uniprot ID
- O95180
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H
- Molecular Weight
- 259160.2 Da
References
- Furukawa T, Nukada T, Namiki Y, Miyashita Y, Hatsuno K, Ueno Y, Yamakawa T, Isshiki T: Five different profiles of dihydropyridines in blocking T-type Ca(2+) channel subtypes (Ca(v)3.1 (alpha(1G)), Ca(v)3.2 (alpha(1H)), and Ca(v)3.3 (alpha(1I))) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Jun 24;613(1-3):100-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.036. Epub 2009 May 3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. This channel gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group and are strongly blocked by nickel and mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channels is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes. Gates in voltage ranges similar to, but higher than alpha 1G or alpha 1H (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
- Gene Name
- CACNA1I
- Uniprot ID
- Q9P0X4
- Uniprot Name
- Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I
- Molecular Weight
- 245100.8 Da
References
- Furukawa T, Nukada T, Namiki Y, Miyashita Y, Hatsuno K, Ueno Y, Yamakawa T, Isshiki T: Five different profiles of dihydropyridines in blocking T-type Ca(2+) channel subtypes (Ca(v)3.1 (alpha(1G)), Ca(v)3.2 (alpha(1H)), and Ca(v)3.3 (alpha(1I))) expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Jun 24;613(1-3):100-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.036. Epub 2009 May 3. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Blocker
- General Function
- Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents (PubMed:11741969, PubMed:12176756, PubMed:12181424, PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:16299511, PubMed:17071743, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:20953164, PubMed:23677916, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506, PubMed:27218670, PubMed:29078335, PubMed:29742403, PubMed:30023270, PubMed:30172029, PubMed:34163037, PubMed:7737988, PubMed:8099908, PubMed:8392192, PubMed:9013606, PubMed:9087614, PubMed:9607315). Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm (PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506). Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via its role in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells (PubMed:28119464). Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group (Probable)
- Specific Function
- alpha-actinin binding
Components:
References
- Richard S: Vascular effects of calcium channel antagonists: new evidence. Drugs. 2005;65 Suppl 2:1-10. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200565002-00002. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1G gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group and are strongly blocked by mibefradil. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle. They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons which is important for information processing as well as in cell growth processes.
- Specific Function
- high voltage-gated calcium channel activity
Components:
References
- Richard S: Vascular effects of calcium channel antagonists: new evidence. Drugs. 2005;65 Suppl 2:1-10. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200565002-00002. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity
- Specific Function
- arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2A6
- Uniprot ID
- P11509
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2A6
- Molecular Weight
- 56517.005 Da
References
- Niwa T, Shiraga T, Hashimoto T, Kagayama A: Effect of nilvadipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on cytochrome P450 activities in human hepatic microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Mar;27(3):415-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- Current data supporting this enzyme inhibition is limited to one in vitro study.
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307)
- Specific Function
- (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55944.565 Da
References
- Niwa T, Shiraga T, Hashimoto T, Kagayama A: Effect of nilvadipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on cytochrome P450 activities in human hepatic microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Mar;27(3):415-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Primarily catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid toward its 4-hydroxylated form (PubMed:11093772). Displays 16-alpha hydroxylase activity toward estrogen steroid hormones, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) (PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) (PubMed:26427316)
- Specific Function
- arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Niwa T, Shiraga T, Hashimoto T, Kagayama A: Effect of nilvadipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on cytochrome P450 activities in human hepatic microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Mar;27(3):415-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:18577768). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates fatty acids specifically at the omega-1 position displaying the highest catalytic activity for saturated fatty acids (PubMed:10553002, PubMed:18577768). May be involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics (Probable)
- Specific Function
- 4-nitrophenol 2-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2E1
- Uniprot ID
- P05181
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2E1
- Molecular Weight
- 56848.42 Da
References
- Niwa T, Shiraga T, Hashimoto T, Kagayama A: Effect of nilvadipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on cytochrome P450 activities in human hepatic microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Mar;27(3):415-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Niwa T, Shiraga T, Hashimoto T, Kagayama A: Effect of nilvadipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, on cytochrome P450 activities in human hepatic microsomes. Biol Pharm Bull. 2004 Mar;27(3):415-7. [Article]
Drug created at May 16, 2010 17:33 / Updated at August 26, 2024 19:23