Silibinin

This drug entry is a stub and has not been fully annotated. It is scheduled to be annotated soon.

Identification

Summary

Silibinin is a flavonolignan with hepatoprotective effects used to treat toxic liver damage and as an adjunct in the management of chronic conditions such as cirrhosis and hepatitis.

Generic Name
Silibinin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB09298
Background

Silibinin is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silicristin, silidianin and others. Silibinin is presented as a mixture of two diastereomers, silybin A and silybin B, which are found in an approximately equimolar ratio. Both in vitro and animal research suggest that silibinin has hepatoprotective (antihepatotoxic) properties that protect liver cells against toxins. Silibinin has also demonstrated in vitro anti-cancer effects against human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, estrogen-dependent and -independent human breast carcinoma cells, human ectocervical carcinoma cells, human colon cancer cells, and both small and nonsmall human lung carcinoma cells.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Experimental, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 482.441
Monoisotopic: 482.121296908
Chemical Formula
C25H22O10
Synonyms
  • Silibinin
  • Silibinin A
  • Silibinina
  • Silibinine
  • Silibininum
  • Silybin A
  • Silybin A (constituent of milk thistle)
  • Silymarin I

Pharmacology

Indication

Currently being tested as a treatment of severe intoxications with hepatotoxic substances, such as death cap (Amanita phalloides) poisoning.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofAcute hepatitis••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAcute hepatitis•••••••••••••••••••
Treatment ofAcute hepatitis••••••••••••••••••• ••••••
Treatment ofAmanita poisoning•••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ••• ••••••••
Treatment ofClinical deterioration of the liver•••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Not Available

Mechanism of action
Not Available
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirThe metabolism of Abacavir can be decreased when combined with Silibinin.
AcetaminophenThe metabolism of Acetaminophen can be decreased when combined with Silibinin.
AcetazolamideThe excretion of Silibinin can be decreased when combined with Acetazolamide.
Acetylsalicylic acidThe excretion of Silibinin can be decreased when combined with Acetylsalicylic acid.
AcyclovirThe excretion of Silibinin can be decreased when combined with Acyclovir.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Silibinin dihemisuccinate disodium57LSQ377IE1265089-66-4Not applicable
International/Other Brands
Legalon
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
HEPAVITE CAPSULESilibinin (70 mg) + Nicotinamide (12 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (8 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (4 mg) + Riboflavin (4 mg) + Thiamine mononitrate (5 mg)CapsuleOralY.S.P. INDUSTRIES (M) SDN BHD2020-09-08Not applicableMalaysia flag
Shine Hepavite Forte CapsuleSilibinin (150 mg) + Nicotinamide (12 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (8 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (4 mg) + Riboflavin (4 mg) + Thiamine mononitrate (3.9 mg)CapsuleOralY.S.P. INDUSTRIES (M) SDN BHD2020-09-08Not applicableMalaysia flag
SIMEPAR CAPSULESSilibinin (70 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (1.2 µg) + Nicotinamide (12 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (8 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (4 mg) + Riboflavin (4 mg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4 mg)CapsuleOralMEPHARM (MALAYSIA) SDN BHD2020-09-08Not applicableMalaysia flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A05BA03 — Silymarin
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonolignans. These are non-conventional lignans that derived from flavonoids. They are characterized by a p-dioxin ring substituted at one carbon atom by a C3C6 (phenylpropan) group and fused to the B-ring of the 2-phenylchromene moiety.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Lignans, neolignans and related compounds
Class
Flavonolignans
Sub Class
Not Available
Direct Parent
Flavonolignans
Alternative Parents
3-hydroxyflavonoids / 5-hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids / Flavanonols / Phenylbenzo-1,4-dioxanes / Chromones / Methoxyphenols / Benzo-1,4-dioxanes / Phenoxy compounds / Anisoles
show 13 more
Substituents
1-benzopyran / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid / 2-phenylbenzo-1,4-dioxane / 3-hydroxyflavonoid / 5-hydroxyflavonoid / 7-hydroxyflavonoid / Alcohol / Alkyl aryl ether / Anisole
show 34 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
aromatic ether, polyphenol, benzodioxine, flavonolignan (CHEBI:9144)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
33X338MNE4
CAS number
22888-70-6
InChI Key
SEBFKMXJBCUCAI-HKTJVKLFSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C25H22O10/c1-32-17-6-11(2-4-14(17)28)24-20(10-26)33-16-5-3-12(7-18(16)34-24)25-23(31)22(30)21-15(29)8-13(27)9-19(21)35-25/h2-9,20,23-29,31H,10H2,1H3/t20-,23+,24-,25-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
(2R,3R)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-[(2R,3R)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-4-one
SMILES
[H][C@@]1(OC2=C(O[C@@H]1CO)C=CC(=C2)[C@@]1([H])OC2=C(C(O)=CC(O)=C2)C(=O)[C@@H]1O)C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C1

References

General References
Not Available
KEGG Drug
D08515
KEGG Compound
C07610
PubChem Compound
31553
PubChem Substance
310265190
ChemSpider
29263
BindingDB
50084982
RxNav
155067
ChEBI
9144
ChEMBL
CHEMBL431701
ZINC
ZINC000002033589
PharmGKB
PA166129539
Wikipedia
Silibinin

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedPreventionBreast Cancer1
4CompletedTreatmentChronic Liver Disease1
4CompletedTreatmentCoronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Liver Disease1
4CompletedTreatmentHepatitis1
4CompletedTreatmentMetastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC)1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Capsule, coatedOral15000000 mg
Powder, for suspensionOral1 g
Tablet, delayed releaseOral150 mg
CapsuleOral
SuspensionOral1 g
Granule, effervescentOral200 MG
SyrupOral1 %
Capsule, coatedOral70 mg
CapsuleOral200 mg
Granule, effervescentOral
TabletOral200 MG
Capsule, coatedOral150 mg
TabletOral
CapsuleOral
Tablet, coatedOral140 mg
Tablet, coatedOral70 mg
Powder528.5 mg
CapsuleOral70 mg
CapsuleOral140 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0926 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.35ALOGPS
logP2.63Chemaxon
logS-3.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)7.75Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count10Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area155.14 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count4Chemaxon
Refractivity120.29 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability48.41 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0gvk-2952100000-c3d2a818a44f51b39801
MS/MS Spectrum - , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0ue9-0943800000-af015f0adf79e0968a5a
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0gvk-2952100000-c3d2a818a44f51b39801
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f7k-0931200000-a04a951f896c0248d2fe
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0159-0001900000-0385215fe3f8de6b5b25
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udr-0901100000-df0c0e98071773bd5a00
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-053r-0002900000-5163d5b268d79e730bc7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fb9-0702900000-420dc0c2c308123c2b33
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ue9-0505900000-c6b25cb272076e82e23c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ufs-0923700000-67ce10790a0f3cdc3482
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-244.7851847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-244.5758847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-205.31447
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+247.6761847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+245.7987847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+207.20988
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+245.0341847
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+212.8214
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform glucuronidates bilirubin IX-alpha to form both the...
Gene Name
UGT1A1
Uniprot ID
P22309
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-1
Molecular Weight
59590.91 Da
References
  1. Williams JA, Hyland R, Jones BC, Smith DA, Hurst S, Goosen TC, Peterkin V, Koup JR, Ball SE: Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: a pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Nov;32(11):1201-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.000794. Epub 2004 Aug 10. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Curator comments
This is based on the findings of in vitro studies using human OAT1 expressed on MDCK cells.
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one ...
Gene Name
SLC22A6
Uniprot ID
Q4U2R8
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 22 member 6
Molecular Weight
61815.78 Da
References
  1. VanWert AL, Gionfriddo MR, Sweet DH: Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Jan;31(1):1-71. doi: 10.1002/bdd.693. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as pravastatin, taurocholate, methotrexate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, estrone sulfate, prostagland...
Gene Name
SLCO1B1
Uniprot ID
Q9Y6L6
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
Molecular Weight
76447.99 Da
References
  1. Karlgren M, Vildhede A, Norinder U, Wisniewski JR, Kimoto E, Lai Y, Haglund U, Artursson P: Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. J Med Chem. 2012 May 24;55(10):4740-63. doi: 10.1021/jm300212s. Epub 2012 May 15. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions such as 17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, taurocholate, triiodothyronine (T3), leukotriene C4, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), methotre...
Gene Name
SLCO1B3
Uniprot ID
Q9NPD5
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
Molecular Weight
77402.175 Da
References
  1. Karlgren M, Vildhede A, Norinder U, Wisniewski JR, Kimoto E, Lai Y, Haglund U, Artursson P: Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. J Med Chem. 2012 May 24;55(10):4740-63. doi: 10.1021/jm300212s. Epub 2012 May 15. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Mediates the Na(+)-independent transport of organic anions such as taurocholate, the prostaglandins PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, leukotriene C4, thromboxane B2 and iloprost.
Gene Name
SLCO2B1
Uniprot ID
O94956
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1
Molecular Weight
76709.98 Da
References
  1. Karlgren M, Vildhede A, Norinder U, Wisniewski JR, Kimoto E, Lai Y, Haglund U, Artursson P: Classification of inhibitors of hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs): influence of protein expression on drug-drug interactions. J Med Chem. 2012 May 24;55(10):4740-63. doi: 10.1021/jm300212s. Epub 2012 May 15. [Article]

Drug created at October 30, 2015 20:42 / Updated at February 02, 2024 22:52