Homosalate

Identification

Brand Names

Meijer

Generic Name

Homosalate

DrugBank Accession Number

DB11064

Background

Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates. It is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol. Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light. Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.

It is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens. There are no reported adverse effects from homosalate.

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved, Investigational

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 262.349
Monoisotopic: 262.156894568
Chemical Formula: C₁₆H₂₂O₃

Synonyms

3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
Homosalate
Homosalato
Homosalatum

External IDs

Caswell No. 482B

Pharmacology

Indication

As ingredient in many sunscreen for protection against sunburn, skin aging and skin cancer.

Reduce drug development failure rates

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Associated Conditions

Sunburn

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

Acts as UV filters.

Mechanism of action

Homosalate has the ability to convert incident ultraviolet radiation into less damaging infrared radiation (heat).

Target	Actions	Organism
UProgesterone receptor	antagonist	Humans
UAndrogen receptor	antagonist	Humans
UEstrogen receptor alpha	Not Available	Humans

Absorption

For local use only, no systemic absorption.

Volume of distribution

For local use only, no systemic absorption.

Protein binding

For local use only, no systemic absorption.

Metabolism

For local use only, no systemic absorption.

Route of elimination

For local use only, no systemic absorption.

Half-life

For local use only, no systemic absorption.

Clearance

For local use only, no systemic absorption.

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

LD50: Not available.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions: This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Not Available
Food Interactions: No interactions found.

Products

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dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.

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Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Salicylic acid	unknown	O414PZ4LPZ	69-72-7	YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

International/Other Brands

Eusolex

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
Facial Primer Protector SPF 50	Cream	0.1 g/1g	Topical	TERRAMAR BRANDS S de RL de CV	2022-05-26	Not applicable
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Almond	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Beige	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Cashmere	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Chestnut	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Classic Beige	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Espresso	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Fawn	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Golden	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01
Sei Bella Age Defying Foundation Ivory	Liquid	2.9313 g/30mL	Topical	Melaleuca, Inc.	2011-05-02	2013-02-01

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
(Re)Setting Refreshing Mist SPF 40	Homosalate (9.8 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (2.9 g/100mL) + Octisalate (4.9 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (9.5 g/100mL)	Spray	Topical	Supergoop, LLC	2022-01-05	Not applicable
100 SPF Cream	Homosalate (15 % w/w) + Avobenzone (3 % w/w) + Octisalate (5 % w/w) + Octocrylene (10 % w/w) + Oxybenzone (6 % w/w)	Cream	Topical	Vital Science A Div. Of/Une Div. De Valeant Canada Ltd/Ltee	2010-06-03	2014-08-27
1177, 1178 Sunscreen	Homosalate (6 g/100g) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100g) + Octisalate (5 g/100g) + Oxybenzone (5 g/100g)	Cream	Topical	Dynarex	2021-05-27	Not applicable
14-day Skin Rescue SPF 30	Homosalate (4 % w/w) + Avobenzone (3 % w/w) + Octisalate (5 % w/w) + Octocrylene (2.35 % w/w) + Oxybenzone (6 % w/w)	Cream	Topical	Johnson & Johnson	2009-02-16	2013-07-31
15 Tanning CVS	Homosalate (10 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (2 g/100mL) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (5 g/100mL)	Lotion	Topical	Product Quest Mff, Llc	2014-11-06	2016-04-20
2 in 1 Sunscreen and Gradual Self-Tanner	Homosalate (15 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (3 g/100mL) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (8 g/100mL)	Aerosol, spray	Topical	Sunless, Inc	2018-09-07	Not applicable
21STAY A Thera Sun Block	Homosalate (20 mg/1mL) + Octinoxate (60 mg/1mL) + Octisalate (40 mg/1mL) + Titanium dioxide (54.6 mg/1mL) + Zinc oxide (58.2 mg/1mL)	Cream	Topical	Oracle Cosmetic Co., Ltd.	2017-11-21	Not applicable
24/7 Life by 7- Eleven Sunscreen Broad Spectrum SPF50	Homosalate (84 mg/1mL) + Avobenzone (25.2 mg/1mL) + Octisalate (42 mg/1mL) + Octocrylene (42 mg/1mL)	Spray	Topical	Prime Packaging, Inc.	2022-05-05	Not applicable
24/7 life by 7-Eleven Broad Spectrum SPF	Homosalate (62.78 g/1mL) + Avobenzone (25.11 g/1mL) + Octisalate (41.85 g/1mL) + Octocrylene (41.85 g/1mL)	Spray	Topical	Prime Packaging, Inc.	2022-05-17	Not applicable
24/7 Life by 7-Eleven Broad Spectrum SPF 50	Homosalate (83.4 mg/1mL) + Avobenzone (25 mg/1mL) + Octisalate (41.7 mg/1mL) + Octocrylene (41.7 mg/1mL)	Spray	Topical	Prime Packaging, Inc.	2022-04-14	Not applicable

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
4362 First Aid Kit	Homosalate (5 g/100mL) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Avobenzone (1 g/100mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Hydrocortisone acetate (1 g/100g) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100mL) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100mL) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Povidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL)	Kit	Ophthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical	Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc.	2018-09-13	Not applicable
BEYOND THE SHAVE For Men	Homosalate (2.5 g/100mL) + Allantoin (0.5 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (3.0 g/100mL) + Dimethicone (2.9 g/100mL) + Octasulfur (3.0 g/100mL) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (2.7 g/100mL)	Kit	Topical	Rodan & Fields	2017-06-01	Not applicable
CoreTex Professional Outdoor Skin Protection Wallet	Homosalate (5 g/100mL) + Homosalate (5 g/100g) + Homosalate (7.5 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (1 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (1 g/100g) + Avobenzone (3 g/100mL) + Benzocaine (6 g/100mL) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (2 g/100mL) + Ethanol (62.5 mL/100mL) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100mL) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100g) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octisalate (5 g/100g) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (2.5 g/100mL) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100mL) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100g) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100mL) + Synthetic camphor (0.1 g/100mL) + Zinc acetate dihydrate (1 g/100mL)	Gel; Kit; Lipstick; Liquid; Lotion; Swab	Topical	CoreTex Products Inc	2019-11-27	Not applicable
CoreTex Professional Outdoor Skin Protection Wallet	Homosalate (5 g/100mL) + Homosalate (5 g/100g) + Homosalate (7.5 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (1 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (1 g/100g) + Avobenzone (3 g/100mL) + Benzocaine (6 g/100mL) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (2 g/100mL) + Ethanol (62.5 mL/100mL) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100mL) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100g) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octisalate (5 g/100g) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (2.5 g/100mL) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100mL) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100g) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100mL) + Synthetic camphor (0.1 g/100mL) + Zinc acetate dihydrate (1 g/100mL)	Gel; Kit; Lipstick; Liquid; Lotion; Swab	Topical	CoreTex Products Inc	2019-11-27	Not applicable
CoreTex Professional Outdoor Skin Protection Wallet	Homosalate (5 g/100mL) + Homosalate (5 g/100g) + Homosalate (7.5 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (1 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (1 g/100g) + Avobenzone (3 g/100mL) + Benzocaine (6 g/100mL) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (2 g/100mL) + Ethanol (62.5 mL/100mL) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100mL) + Octinoxate (7.5 g/100g) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octisalate (5 g/100g) + Octisalate (5 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (2.5 g/100mL) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100mL) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100g) + Oxybenzone (6 g/100mL) + Synthetic camphor (0.1 g/100mL) + Zinc acetate dihydrate (1 g/100mL)	Gel; Kit; Lipstick; Liquid; Lotion; Swab	Topical	CoreTex Products Inc	2019-11-27	Not applicable
Dr.Jucre Rebirth White Sun Protection	Homosalate (6.00 g/100mL) + Adenosine (0.04 g/100mL) + Avobenzone (4.00 g/100mL) + Bemotrizinol (1.50 g/100mL) + Ensulizole (3.50 g/100mL) + Nicotinamide (2.00 g/100mL) + Octinoxate (7.30 g/100mL) + Octisalate (4.50 g/100mL) + Octocrylene (2.00 g/100mL)	Cream	Topical	NATURECELL CO., LTD.	2022-10-01	Not applicable
Epionce Active Shield SPF 30	Homosalate (0.1 mL/1mL) + Octisalate (0.05 mL/1mL) + Zinc oxide (0.92 mL/1mL)	Lotion	Topical	Episciences, Inc.	2005-03-24	2005-03-24
EXODERMA Silky Sun Cream	Homosalate (8 g/100g) + Adenosine (0.04 g/100g) + Nicotinamide (2 g/100g) + Octyl triazone (3.5 g/100g) + Titanium dioxide (2 g/100g)	Cream	Topical	The Classeum Co., Ltd	2022-12-18	2023-12-17
Nu-derm System Normal-dry Skin Transformation	Homosalate (100 mg/1g) + Hydroquinone (40 mg/1g) + Hydroquinone (40 mg/1g) + Octisalate (50 mg/1g) + Zinc oxide (165 mg/1g)	Cream; Kit; Lotion	Topical	OBAGI COSMECEUTICAL LLC	2019-12-02	Not applicable
NU-DERM system NORMAL-DRY SKIN TRANSFORMATION TRIAL	Homosalate (100 mg/1g) + Hydroquinone (40 mg/1g) + Hydroquinone (40 mg/1g) + Octisalate (50 mg/1g) + Zinc oxide (165 mg/1g)	Cream; Kit; Lotion	Topical	OBAGI COSMECEUTICAL LLC	2019-12-02	Not applicable

Categories

Drug Categories

Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire

Description: This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-hydroxybenzoic acid esters. These are benzoic acid esters where the benzene ring is ortho-substituted with a hydroxy group.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Benzenoids
Class: Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class: Benzoic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent: o-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters
Alternative Parents: Salicylic acid and derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Vinylogous acids / Carboxylic acid esters / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Organooxygen compounds / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives
Substituents: 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzoyl / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid ester / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives / O-hydroxybenzoic acid ester / Organic oxide
Molecular Framework: Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors: Not Available

Affected organisms

Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: V06SV4M95S
CAS number: 118-56-9
InChI Key: WSSJONWNBBTCMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H22O3/c1-11-8-12(10-16(2,3)9-11)19-15(18)13-6-4-5-7-14(13)17/h4-7,11-12,17H,8-10H2,1-3H3
IUPAC Name: 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
SMILES: CC1CC(CC(C)(C)C1)OC(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC=C1

References

General References

MSDS [Link]
product info [Link]

External Links

PubChem Substance: 347911103
ChemSpider: 8059
RxNav: 91326
ChEBI: 91642
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1377575
Wikipedia: Homosalate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Prevention	Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Sports Nutrition	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Atrophic Vaginitis / Endometrial Hyperplasia / Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP)	1
4	Completed	Supportive Care	Skin Irritation	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Acne Prone Skin	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Actinic Keratosis (AK)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Chronic Hand Eczema (CHE)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Diabetes Complications	1
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Breast Cancer / Vulvo Vaginal Atrophy	1
4	Terminated	Not Available	Skin Aging	1
3	Completed	Treatment	Atopic Dermatitis	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Lotion; spray	Topical
Kit	Ophthalmic; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical
Aerosol	Topical
Oil	Topical
Cream, augmented	Topical
Spray	Cutaneous
Cream; kit; oil; stick	Topical
Spray, suspension	Topical
Kit	Oral; Topical
Stick	Topical
Jelly	Topical
Gel	Topical
Salve	Topical
Aerosol, foam	Topical
Gel; kit; lipstick; liquid; lotion; swab	Topical
Lotion	Topical
Cream; gel; kit; lotion	Topical
Cream	Topical
Cream	Topical	0.1 g/1g
Liquid	Topical
Sponge	Topical
Kit; lipstick	Topical
Paste	Topical
Ointment	Topical
Lotion / shampoo	Topical
Kit; stick	Topical
Solution	Topical
Cream; kit	Topical
Powder	Topical
Cream; kit; lotion	Topical
Kit; lotion	Topical
Cream; kit; liquid; lotion	Topical
Suspension	Topical
Gel; kit; lotion	Topical
Jelly; kit	Topical
Lotion	Cutaneous
Liquid	Topical	2.9313 g/30mL
Spray	Oral
Emulsion	Topical
Spray	Topical
Lotion	Oral
Cloth	Topical
Lipstick	Topical
Kit; liquid	Topical
Gel; kit	Topical
Kit	Topical
Aerosol, spray	Topical

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	0.0373 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	4.05	ALOGPS
logP	5	Chemaxon
logS	-3.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	9.72	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.3	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	0	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	46.53 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	3	Chemaxon
Refractivity	74.65 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	29.86 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	2	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)

Not Available

Spectra

Spectrum	Spectrum Type	Splash Key
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)	Predicted LC-MS/MS	Not Available

Targets

Build, predict & validate machine-learning models

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.

Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.

Details1. Progesterone receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Antagonist

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Progesterone receptor ...
Gene Name: PGR
Uniprot ID: P06401
Uniprot Name: Progesterone receptor
Molecular Weight: 98979.96 Da

References

Schreurs RH, Sonneveld E, Jansen JH, Seinen W, van der Burg B: Interaction of polycyclic musks and UV filters with the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR) in reporter gene bioassays. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Feb;83(2):264-72. Epub 2004 Nov 10. [Article]

Details2. Androgen receptor

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown
Actions: Antagonist

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription ...
Gene Name: AR
Uniprot ID: P10275
Uniprot Name: Androgen receptor
Molecular Weight: 98987.9 Da

References

Schreurs RH, Sonneveld E, Jansen JH, Seinen W, van der Burg B: Interaction of polycyclic musks and UV filters with the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR) in reporter gene bioassays. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Feb;83(2):264-72. Epub 2004 Nov 10. [Article]
Jimenez-Diaz I, Molina-Molina JM, Zafra-Gomez A, Ballesteros O, Navalon A, Real M, Saenz JM, Fernandez MF, Olea N: Simultaneous determination of the UV-filters benzyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, homosalate, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor and 3-benzylidene camphor in human placental tissue by LC-MS/MS. Assessment of their in vitro endocrine activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Oct 1;936:80-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.006. Epub 2013 Aug 8. [Article]

Details3. Estrogen receptor alpha

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissu...
Gene Name: ESR1
Uniprot ID: P03372
Uniprot Name: Estrogen receptor
Molecular Weight: 66215.45 Da

References

Jimenez-Diaz I, Molina-Molina JM, Zafra-Gomez A, Ballesteros O, Navalon A, Real M, Saenz JM, Fernandez MF, Olea N: Simultaneous determination of the UV-filters benzyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, homosalate, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor and 3-benzylidene camphor in human placental tissue by LC-MS/MS. Assessment of their in vitro endocrine activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013 Oct 1;936:80-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.006. Epub 2013 Aug 8. [Article]

Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at February 21, 2021 18:52