Magnesium citrate

Identification

Summary

Magnesium citrate is a laxative used in bowel preparation for colonoscopy or as a magnesium supplement.

Brand Names

Citroma

Generic Name

Magnesium citrate

DrugBank Accession Number

DB11110

Background

Magnesium citrate is a low volume and osmotic cathartic agent. The cathartic action works primarily through the high osmolarity of the solution which draws large amounts of fluid into space where is used.⁵ Magnesium citrate is considered by the FDA as an approved inactive ingredient for approved drug products under the specifications of oral administration of a maximum concentration of 237 mg.⁷ It is also considered as an active ingredient in over-the-counter products.⁶

Type

Small Molecule

Groups

Approved

Structure

Similar Structures

Weight: Average: 451.113
Monoisotopic: 449.9621801
Chemical Formula: C₁₂H₁₀Mg₃O₁₄

Synonyms

Magnesium citrate
Magnesium dicitrate
Trimagnesium citrate
Trimagnesium dicitrate

Pharmacology

Indication

Magnesium citrate has been used in bowel preparations prior to a colonoscopy as a cathartic agent.⁵

It is also used in over-the-counter products to relieve occasional constipation.⁸

Magnesium citrate can be one of the forms used for the administration of dietary supplements.⁹

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Associated Conditions

Migraine

Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings

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Pharmacodynamics

The onset of action can be as early as 30 minutes after administration with a mean onset time of approximately 2 hours and a maximum action of 4 hours. The effect of magnesium citrate is highly dependent on the individual's hydration status.⁵

Mechanism of action

It mainly works through its property of high osmolality which will draw large amounts of fluid into the colonic lumen. There is also a possible stimulation of fluid excretion by cholecystokinin release and activation of muscle peristalsis.⁵

Absorption

Mean plasma concentration of magnesium after administration of oral doses of magnesium citrate are reported to be of around 0.7 mmol/L and the concentration in saliva rested in 0.28 mmol/L. In reports, it has also been proven that the absorption and bioavailability of magnesium are greater when administered in the form of magnesium citrate when compared with other forms such as magnesium ocude.¹

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Magnesium, once ionized, is highly bound to plasma proteins and it can represent even 90% of the magnesium found in blood plasma.³

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

After oral administration of magnesium citrate, there is a 40% increase in urine excretion of magnesium.² Magnesium citrate is also widely eliminated via the feces because, when present in the bowel, it relaxes the bowel and pulls water into the intestine which increases bowel movement and a significant portion of this agent gets excreted by this via.¹⁰

Half-life

The study of the half-life of magnesium citrate is very difficult due to the half-life of the available isotopes for magnesium.⁴

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

The occurrence of overdose with magnesium citrate is very unlikely but some of the signs of the presence of overdose are diarrhea or severe stomach pain.⁸

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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Acetazolamide	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Magnesium citrate.
Aclidinium	The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Alendronic acid	Magnesium citrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Alendronic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Alfacalcidol	The serum concentration of Magnesium citrate can be increased when it is combined with Alfacalcidol.
Alfentanil	The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Alfentanil.
Alloin	The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Magnesium citrate is combined with Alloin.
Almasilate	The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Almasilate.
Aluminium phosphate	The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Aluminium phosphate.
Aluminum hydroxide	The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Aluminum hydroxide.
Amantadine	The therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Amantadine.

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Food Interactions

Take with or without food. Taking magnesium supplements with food may reduce the risk of diarrhea.

Products

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Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Magnesium cation	ionic	T6V3LHY838	22537-22-0	JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Magnesium	unknown	I38ZP9992A	7439-95-4	RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
BET-R-PREP Magnesium Citrate Oral	Solution	1.745 g/1mL	Topical	Satius Pharmaceuticals, Llc	2017-11-18	Not applicable
Citrate of Magnesium	Liquid	1.745 g/29.6mL	Oral	Physicians Total Care, Inc.	2003-01-29	Not applicable
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.6mL	Oral	Select Brand Distributors	2011-03-10	Not applicable
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.6mL	Oral	C.D.M.A., INC	2020-02-18	Not applicable
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.61mL	Oral	UNFI	2001-11-18	Not applicable
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.6mL	Oral	Wal-Mart Stores, Inc	1995-08-29	Not applicable
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.6mL	Oral	Meijer Distribution, INC	2018-02-18	Not applicable
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.61mL	Oral	Wal-Mart Stores, Inc	2012-03-21	2020-05-11
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.6mL	Oral	Valu Merchandisers	2020-09-24	Not applicable
Citroma	Liquid	1.745 g/29.61mL	Oral	Geiss, Destin & Dunn, Inc.	2009-05-18	Not applicable

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Cal-mag Tablet	Magnesium citrate (7 mg / tab) + Calcium lactate (48 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Standard Process Inc.	Not applicable	Not applicable
Calcium and Magnesium Citrate and Vitamin D 250mg/125mg/200iu	Magnesium citrate (125 mg) + Calcium citrate (250 mg) + Cholecalciferol (200 unit)	Tablet	Oral	Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2001-11-23	2002-05-15
Calcium and Magnesium Citrate With Vitamin D	Magnesium citrate (137.5 mg) + Calcium citrate (275 mg) + Ergocalciferol (100 unit)	Tablet	Oral	Sisu Inc.	1997-10-28	2005-07-13
Calcium Lactate Powder	Magnesium citrate (18 mg / g) + Calcium lactate (119 mg / g)	Powder	Oral	Standard Process Inc.	Not applicable	Not applicable
Calcium Magnesium Plus Vitamin D Liquid	Magnesium citrate (3 mg / mL) + Calcium gluconate (6 mg / mL) + Ergocalciferol (2 unit / mL) + Inositol (.6 mg / mL)	Liquid	Oral	Jamp Pharma Corporation	2002-04-22	2003-02-05
ChildLife™ Essentials Liquid Calcium/Magnesium Plus	Magnesium citrate (38 mg) + Calcium citrate (84 mg) + Cholecalciferol (33 IU) + Zinc citrate (0.7 mg)	Liquid	Oral	LAC GLOBAL BRANDS (MALAYSIA) SDN. BHD.	2020-09-08	Not applicable
Daily Supplement Packs	Magnesium citrate (150 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (125 mcg) + Folic acid (0.4 mg) + Pyridoxine (50 mg) + Ubidecarenone (30 mg) + Vitamin E (400 unit)	Capsule	Oral	Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2002-10-18	2005-08-15
Derma-force	Magnesium citrate (17 mg / cap) + Ascorbic acid (117 mg / cap) + Beta carotene (3333.3 unit / cap) + Biotin (300 mcg / cap) + Calcium citrate (42 mg / cap) + Cholecalciferol (100 unit / cap) + Choline bitartrate (25 mg / cap) + Cyanocobalamin (33.3 mcg / cap) + Folic acid (0.333 mg / cap) + Inositol (25 mg / cap) + Methionine (25 mg / cap) + Nicotinamide (7 mg / cap) + Octasulfur (8.33 mg / cap) + Pantothenic acid (33.3 mg / cap) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (10 mg / cap) + Riboflavin (10 mg / cap) + Thiamine (10 mg / cap) + Zinc citrate (8.33 mg / cap) + alpha-Tocopherol succinate (33.3 unit / cap)	Capsule	Oral	Prairie Naturals	1997-04-01	2006-09-20
Female Advantage	Magnesium citrate (16.67 mg / cap) + Zinc sulfate (3.33 mg / cap)	Capsule	Oral	Body Wise International Llc	Not applicable	Not applicable
Femidause	Magnesium citrate (20 mg / cap) + Calcium citrate (50 mg / cap) + Vitamin D (200 unit / cap)	Capsule	Oral	Pns Pharma Therapy	1999-02-02	2009-08-05

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End	Region	Image
PCP 100 Kit	Magnesium citrate (1.745 g/29.6mL) + Bisacodyl (5 mg/1) + Metoclopramide hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Petrolatum (0.76 g/1g) + Polyethylene glycol (17 g/17g)	Kit	Oral	Asclemed Usa, Inc.	2014-01-02	Not applicable
Prenatal Chelated Mineral	Magnesium citrate (75 mg/1) + Calcium carbonate (30 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (32.5 mg/1) + Copper gluconate (0.5 mg/1) + Ferrous fumarate (7 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (75 ug/1) + Zinc citrate (5 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Usana Health Sciences, Inc.	2012-04-11	2017-12-31

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: RHO26O1T9V
CAS number: 3344-18-1
InChI Key: PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H
InChI: InChI=1S/2C6H8O7.3Mg/c2*7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h2*13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6
IUPAC Name: trimagnesium(2+) bis(2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate)
SMILES: [Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O

References

General References

Walker AF, Marakis G, Christie S, Byng M: Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study. Magnes Res. 2003 Sep;16(3):183-91. [Article]
Rylander R, Megevand Y, Lasserre B, Amstutz W, Granbom S: Moderate alcohol consumption and urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2001;61(5):401-5. [Article]
Nielsen SP: Free and protein-bound magnesium in normal human plasma determined by ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1969 May;23(3):219-25. [Article]
Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M: Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb;5(Suppl 1):i3-i14. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr163. [Article]
Kim D. and Pickhardt P. (2010). CT Colonography. Elsevier.
Health Canada [Link]
FDA Inactive ingredient search [Link]
Dailymed [Link]
Supplements manufacturer [Link]
Magnesium citrate [File]

External Links

PubChem Compound: 6099959
PubChem Substance: 347827901
ChemSpider: 2925651
RxNav: 52356
ChEBI: 131391
ChEMBL: CHEMBL3989480
Wikipedia: Magnesium_citrate_(3:2)

MSDS

Download (231 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Active Not Recruiting	Treatment	Patients Undergoing Elective Colonoscopy	1
4	Completed	Not Available	Bowel preparation therapy / Colonoscopy	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Colon Cleansing	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Colon Cleansing for Colonoscopy	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Colonoscopy	2
4	Recruiting	Treatment	Hypomagnesemia	1
4	Terminated	Prevention	Constipation	1
4	Unknown Status	Diagnostic	Ulcerative Colitis	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Colonic Diseases	1
3	Completed	Not Available	Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Capsule	Oral
Powder	Oral
Solution	Topical	1.745 g/1mL
Liquid	Oral
Liquid	Oral	1.745 g/29.61mL
Solution	Oral	1.745 g/29.61mL
Powder, for solution	Oral	16 g/16g
Liquid	Oral	1.743 g/29.6mL
Capsule	Oral	250 mg
Liquid	Oral	1.745 g/29.6mL
Liquid	Oral	2.62 g/100mL
Liquid	Oral	2.65 mg/100mL
Solution	Oral	0.059 g/1mL
Capsule	Oral	100 mg
Capsule	Oral	90 mg / cap
Capsule	Oral	150 mg
Tablet	Oral	300 mg
Solution	Oral	1.745 g/29.6mL
Liquid	Oral	2.65 g/100mL
Liquid	Oral	1.75 g / 100 mL
Powder, for solution	Oral	17 g/17g
Lozenge	Oral	610 mg
Lozenge	Oral	610.09 mg
Granule, for solution	Oral
Powder, for solution	Oral
Tablet	Oral	200 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Kit	Oral
Powder, for solution	Oral	17 g/100g
Powder, for solution	Oral
Tablet	Oral
Kit	Oral; Rectal

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Source
melting point (°C)	184 ºC	'MSDS'
water solubility	Partially soluble in cold water	'MSDS'

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	6.34 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	0.08	ALOGPS
logP	-1.3	Chemaxon
logS	-1.8	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.05	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.2	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	-3	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	7	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	1	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	140.62 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	10	Chemaxon
Refractivity	68.14 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	14.25 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST): Not Available
Spectra: Not Available

Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at March 25, 2023 04:38

Magnesium citrate

Identification

Structure for Magnesium citrate (DB11110)

Pharmacology

Interactions

Products

Categories

Chemical Identifiers

References

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Properties

Spectra