Magnesium citrate

Identification

Summary

Magnesium citrate is a laxative used in bowel preparation for colonoscopy or as a magnesium supplement.

Brand Names
Citroma
Generic Name
Magnesium citrate
DrugBank Accession Number
DB11110
Background

Magnesium citrate is a low volume and osmotic cathartic agent. The cathartic action works primarily through the high osmolarity of the solution which draws large amounts of fluid into space where is used.5 Magnesium citrate is considered by the FDA as an approved inactive ingredient for approved drug products under the specifications of oral administration of a maximum concentration of 237 mg.7 It is also considered as an active ingredient in over-the-counter products.6

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 451.113
Monoisotopic: 449.9621801
Chemical Formula
C12H10Mg3O14
Synonyms
  • Magnesium citrate
  • Magnesium dicitrate
  • Trimagnesium citrate
  • Trimagnesium dicitrate

Pharmacology

Indication

Magnesium citrate has been used in bowel preparations prior to a colonoscopy as a cathartic agent.5

It is also used in over-the-counter products to relieve occasional constipation.8

Magnesium citrate can be one of the forms used for the administration of dietary supplements.9

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Prophylaxis ofMigraine••• •••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

The onset of action can be as early as 30 minutes after administration with a mean onset time of approximately 2 hours and a maximum action of 4 hours. The effect of magnesium citrate is highly dependent on the individual's hydration status.5

Mechanism of action

It mainly works through its property of high osmolality which will draw large amounts of fluid into the colonic lumen. There is also a possible stimulation of fluid excretion by cholecystokinin release and activation of muscle peristalsis.5

Absorption

Mean plasma concentration of magnesium after administration of oral doses of magnesium citrate are reported to be of around 0.7 mmol/L and the concentration in saliva rested in 0.28 mmol/L. In reports, it has also been proven that the absorption and bioavailability of magnesium are greater when administered in the form of magnesium citrate when compared with other forms such as magnesium ocude.1

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Magnesium, once ionized, is highly bound to plasma proteins and it can represent even 90% of the magnesium found in blood plasma.3

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

After oral administration of magnesium citrate, there is a 40% increase in urine excretion of magnesium.2 Magnesium citrate is also widely eliminated via the feces because, when present in the bowel, it relaxes the bowel and pulls water into the intestine which increases bowel movement and a significant portion of this agent gets excreted by this via.10

Half-life

The study of the half-life of magnesium citrate is very difficult due to the half-life of the available isotopes for magnesium.4

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

The occurrence of overdose with magnesium citrate is very unlikely but some of the signs of the presence of overdose are diarrhea or severe stomach pain.8

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AcetazolamideThe risk or severity of dehydration can be increased when Acetazolamide is combined with Magnesium citrate.
AclidiniumThe therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Aclidinium.
Alendronic acidMagnesium citrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Alendronic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
AlfacalcidolThe serum concentration of Magnesium citrate can be increased when it is combined with Alfacalcidol.
AlfentanilThe therapeutic efficacy of Magnesium citrate can be decreased when used in combination with Alfentanil.
Food Interactions
  • Take with or without food. Taking magnesium supplements with food may reduce the risk of diarrhea.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Magnesium cationionicT6V3LHY83822537-22-0JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MagnesiumunknownI38ZP9992A7439-95-4RSHAOIXHUHAZPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
BET-R-PREP Magnesium Citrate OralSolution1.745 g/1mLTopicalSatius Pharmaceuticals, Llc2017-11-18Not applicableUS flag
Citrate of MagnesiumLiquid1.745 g/29.6mLOralPhysicians Total Care, Inc.2003-01-29Not applicableUS flag
CitromaLiquid1.745 g/29.6mLOralRite Aid2020-09-22Not applicableUS flag
CitromaLiquid1.745 g/29.6mLOralMeijer Distribution, INC2018-02-18Not applicableUS flag
CitromaLiquid1.745 g/29.6mLOralPerrigo Direct, Inc.2018-02-18Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Cal-mag TabletMagnesium citrate (7 mg / tab) + Calcium lactate (48 mg / tab)TabletOralStandard Process Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Calcium and Magnesium Citrate and Vitamin D 250mg/125mg/200iuMagnesium citrate (125 mg) + Calcium citrate (250 mg) + Cholecalciferol (200 unit)TabletOralWn Pharmaceuticals Ltd.2001-11-232002-05-15Canada flag
Calcium and Magnesium Citrate With Vitamin DMagnesium citrate (137.5 mg) + Calcium citrate (275 mg) + Ergocalciferol (100 unit)TabletOralSisu Inc.1997-10-282005-07-13Canada flag
Calcium Lactate PowderMagnesium citrate (18 mg / g) + Calcium lactate (119 mg / g)PowderOralStandard Process Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Calcium Magnesium Plus Vitamin D LiquidMagnesium citrate (3 mg / mL) + Calcium gluconate (6 mg / mL) + Ergocalciferol (2 unit / mL) + Inositol (.6 mg / mL)LiquidOralJamp Pharma Corporation2002-04-222003-02-05Canada flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
FolcyteineMagnesium citrate (16 mg/1) + Acetylcysteine (200 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (47 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1000 ug/1)TabletOralPureTek Corporation2023-09-14Not applicableUS flag
LiquiCal with MagnesiumMagnesium citrate (48 mg/1mL) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (168 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (66 [iU]/1mL) + Zinc citrate (1.4 mg/1mL)LiquidOralPureTek Corporation2023-12-27Not applicableUS flag
Livita AdultsMagnesium citrate (100 mg/1mL) + Ascorbic acid (200 mg/1mL) + Biotin (30 ug/1mL) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (200 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (10 ug/1mL) + Choline bitartrate (200 mg/1mL) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (20.1 mg/1mL) + Inulin (500 mg/1mL) + Levomefolate calcium (1000 ug/1mL) + Mecobalamin (2.4 ug/1mL) + Nicotinamide (8 mg/1mL) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1.7 mg/1mL) + Riboflavin (1.3 mg/1mL) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.2 mg/1mL) + Vitamin A acetate (900 ug/1mL) + Zinc picolinate (2 mg/1mL)LiquidOralPureTek Corporation2023-12-15Not applicableUS flag
Livita ChildrenMagnesium citrate (33.33 mg/1mL) + Ascorbic acid (66.67 mg/1mL) + Biotin (10 ug/1mL) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (66.67 mg/1mL) + Cholecalciferol (3.33 ug/1mL) + Choline bitartrate (66.67 mg/1mL) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (10 mg/1mL) + Inulin (166.67 mg/1mL) + Levomefolate calcium (333 ug/1mL) + Mecobalamin (0.8 ug/1mL) + Nicotinamide (2.67 mg/1mL) + Calcium pantothenate (1.67 mg/1mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.57 mg/1mL) + Riboflavin (0.43 mg/1mL) + Thiamine mononitrate (0.4 mg/1mL) + Vitamin A acetate (300 ug/1mL) + Zinc picolinate (0.67 mg/1mL)LiquidOralPureTek Corporation2023-12-18Not applicableUS flag
PCP 100 KitMagnesium citrate (1.745 g/29.6mL) + Bisacodyl (5 mg/1) + Metoclopramide hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Petrolatum (0.76 g/1g) + Polyethylene glycol (17 g/17g)KitOralAsclemed Usa, Inc.2014-01-02Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
B05CB03 — Magnesium citrateA12CC04 — Magnesium citrateA06AD19 — Magnesium citrate
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic acids and derivatives
Class
Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class
Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Tertiary alcohols / Carboxylic acid salts / Carboxylic acids / Organic salts / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
Substituents
Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid salt / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organic salt / Organooxygen compound
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
Not Available
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
RHO26O1T9V
CAS number
3344-18-1
InChI Key
PLSARIKBYIPYPF-UHFFFAOYSA-H
InChI
InChI=1S/2C6H8O7.3Mg/c2*7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h2*13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6
IUPAC Name
trimagnesium(2+) bis(2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate)
SMILES
[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.OC(CC([O-])=O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O

References

General References
  1. Walker AF, Marakis G, Christie S, Byng M: Mg citrate found more bioavailable than other Mg preparations in a randomised, double-blind study. Magnes Res. 2003 Sep;16(3):183-91. [Article]
  2. Rylander R, Megevand Y, Lasserre B, Amstutz W, Granbom S: Moderate alcohol consumption and urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2001;61(5):401-5. [Article]
  3. Nielsen SP: Free and protein-bound magnesium in normal human plasma determined by ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1969 May;23(3):219-25. [Article]
  4. Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M: Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Feb;5(Suppl 1):i3-i14. doi: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfr163. [Article]
  5. Kim D. and Pickhardt P. (2010). CT Colonography. Elsevier.
  6. Health Canada [Link]
  7. FDA Inactive ingredient search [Link]
  8. Dailymed [Link]
  9. Supplements manufacturer [Link]
  10. Magnesium citrate [File]
PubChem Compound
6099959
PubChem Substance
347827901
ChemSpider
2925651
RxNav
52356
ChEBI
131391
ChEMBL
CHEMBL3989480
Wikipedia
Magnesium_citrate_(3:2)
MSDS
Download (231 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentChronic Heart Failure (CHF) / Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) / Diuretics Drug Reactions1
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentPatients Undergoing Elective Colonoscopy1
4CompletedNot AvailableBowel preparation therapy / Colonoscopy1
4CompletedTreatmentBowel Preparation for Colonoscopy1
4CompletedTreatmentColon Cleansing1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
CapsuleOral
PowderOral
SolutionTopical1.745 g/1mL
LiquidOral
LiquidOral1.745 g/29.61mL
SolutionOral1.745 g/29.61mL
Powder, for solutionOral16 g/16g
Powder, for solutionOral
CapsuleOral250 mg
LiquidOral1.745 g/29.6mL
LiquidOral2.62 g/100mL
LiquidOral2.65 mg/100mL
SolutionOral0.059 g/1mL
CapsuleOral100 mg
CapsuleOral90 mg / cap
CapsuleOral150 mg
TabletOral300 mg
SolutionOral1.745 g/29.6mL
LiquidOral2.65 g/100mL
LiquidOral1.75 g / 100 mL
Powder, for solutionOral17 g/17g
LozengeOral610 mg
LozengeOral610.09 mg
Granule, for solutionOral300 mg
Powder, for solutionOral400 mg
TabletOral200 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
KitOral
Powder, for solutionOral17 g/100g
Powder, for solutionOral
TabletOral
KitOral; Rectal
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)184 ºC'MSDS'
water solubilityPartially soluble in cold water'MSDS'
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility6.34 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.08ALOGPS
logP-1.3Chemaxon
logS-1.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.05Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.2Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area140.62 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count10Chemaxon
Refractivity68.14 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability14.25 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available

Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at March 18, 2024 19:36