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Identification
- Summary
Ferric citrate is a phosphate binder used to control serum phosphorus levels or as an iron supplement.
- Brand Names
- Auryxia
- Generic Name
- Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate
Commonly known or available as Ferric citrate - DrugBank Accession Number
- DB14520
- Background
Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate is an iron containing phosphate binder used to treat hyperphosphatemia and iron deficiency anemia in adults with chronic kidney disease.6
Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate was granted FDA approval on 5 September 2014.7
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate (DB14520)
- Weight
- Average: 967.803
Monoisotopic: 967.832498 - Chemical Formula
- C18H32Fe4O31
- Synonyms
- Ferric citrate
- Ferric citrate hydrate
- External IDs
- KRX-0502
Pharmacology
- Indication
Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate is indicated to control serum phosphorous in adults with chronic kidney disease who require dialysis.7 Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate is also indicated to treat iron deficiency anemia in adults with chronic kidney disease who are not on dialysis.7
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Hyperphosphatemia •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••• •••••••• ••••••• •••••• ••••••• ••••• Treatment of Iron deficiency anemia •••••••••••• ••••• ••• •• ••••••••• ••••••• •••••• ••••••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate is an iron containing product indicated to treat iron deficiency anemia and hyperphosphatemia.7 It has a wide therapeutic index, as doses can be varied significantly between patients.7 Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate has a long duration of action in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia, due to the slow loss of iron from the body, and a moderate duration of action in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia, due to its action being dependant on residence time in the gastrointestinal tract.7 Patients should be counselled regarding the risk of iron overload.7
- Mechanism of action
Ferric (Fe3+) iron is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract by divalent metal transporter-1, and reduced to ferrous (Fe2+) iron by ferrireductase and cytochrome b reductase 1.2 Ferrous iron is stored intracellularly in ferritin and transported into the blood by ferroportin 1.2 Transport by ferroportin 1 is coupled with oxidation to ferric iron by hephaestin or ceruloplasmin.1 Ferric iron in plasma is bound to transferrin, which carries iron to other cells.2,7 Iron is transported to mitochondria for the synthesis of heme or iron-sulfur clusters, which are integral parts of several metalloproteins like hemoglobin.1,7
Ferric iron can also bind to phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract, which precipitates as the insoluble ferric phosphate.7 Ferric phosphate remains unabsorbed and is eliminated in the feces.7 Decreased phosphate absorption gradually lowers phosphate levels in the blood.7
Target Actions Organism ATransferrin receptor protein 1 ligandHumans UIron(3+)-hydroxamate-binding protein FhuD binderEscherichia coli (strain K12) - Absorption
Ferric iron has been shown to have inferior bioavailability to ferrous iron preparations.5 Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate has 19% the bioavailability of ferrous ascorbate.5
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Ferric iron is reduced to ferrous iron, which is carried by transferrin in serum.2,7
- Metabolism
Ferric cation is converted to ferrous iron by duodenal cytochrome B reductase.2 The heavy chain ferritin may also convert ferric iron to ferrous iron2,3
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- Route of elimination
Unabsorbed oral Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate is eliminated in the feces.7 The absorbed iron from Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate is generally not eliminated from the body by any route other than blood loss and exfoliation of epithelial cells.1,7
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Data regarding the clearance of iron is not readily available. However, iron loss due to exfoliation of epithelial cells is approximately 1mg/day.1
- Adverse Effects
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Patients experiencing an overdose of iron may present with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fluid and blood loss, hypovolemia, hematemesis, perforation, and peritonitis.4 Mild overdoses can be treated with symptomatic and supportive measures.4 More severe overdoses may require more intense treatment including chelating agents, and intravenous fluids.4 Activated charcoal is not expected to be beneficial in the case of iron overdose.4
The acute oral LD50 in rats is 1487mg/kg and in mice is 1520mg/kg.8 The acute dermal LD50 in rabbits is 2000mg/kg.8
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAlendronic acid Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Alendronic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Almasilate Almasilate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Aluminium phosphate Aluminium phosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Aluminum hydroxide Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. Asenapine Asenapine can cause a decrease in the absorption of Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy. - Food Interactions
- Take with food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Ferric cation ionic 91O4LML611 20074-52-6 VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Auryxia Tablet, film coated 210 mg/1 Oral Akebia Therapeutics, Inc. 2014-09-17 Not applicable US 
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Maxine Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate (8.3 mg / tab) + Beta carotene (833.3 unit / tab) + Biotin (50 mcg / tab) + Calcium (166.66 mg / tab) + Calcium ascorbate (83.3 mg / tab) + Choline (4.16 mg / tab) + Chromium (16.66 mcg / tab) + Copper (.5 mg / tab) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg / tab) + Folic acid (.13 mg / tab) + Inositol (4.16 mg / tab) + Iodine (.025 mg / tab) + Magnesium (83.33 mg / tab) + Manganese cation (1.66 mg / tab) + Nicotinamide (3.3 mg / tab) + Calcium pantothenate (8.33 mg / tab) + Potassium (16.5 mg / tab) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (8.33 mg / tab) + Riboflavin (3.3 mg / tab) + Selenium (16.66 mcg / tab) + Thiamine hydrochloride (3.3 mg / tab) + Vitamin A (833.3 unit / tab) + Vitamin D (66.6 unit / tab) + Vitamin E (66.6 unit / tab) + Zinc (4.17 mg / tab) Tablet Oral Nf Formulas Inc. 1988-12-31 2000-07-05 Canada 
Categories
- ATC Codes
- V03AE08 — Ferric citrate
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- Q91187K011
- CAS number
- Not Available
- InChI Key
- UISKQNNAQKPSDO-UHFFFAOYSA-E
- InChI
- InChI=1S/3C6H7O7.4Fe.10H2O/c3*7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h3*1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;;;10*1H2/q3*-1;4*+3;;;;;;;;;;/p-9
- IUPAC Name
- tetrairon(3+) tris(2-oxidopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate) decahydrate
- SMILES
- O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC([O-])(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC([O-])(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC([O-])(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O
References
- General References
- Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R: Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. 2014 Feb;19(2):164-74. [Article]
- Waldvogel-Abramowski S, Waeber G, Gassner C, Buser A, Frey BM, Favrat B, Tissot JD: Physiology of iron metabolism. Transfus Med Hemother. 2014 Jun;41(3):213-21. doi: 10.1159/000362888. Epub 2014 May 12. [Article]
- Pfaffen S, Abdulqadir R, Le Brun NE, Murphy ME: Mechanism of ferrous iron binding and oxidation by ferritin from a pennate diatom. J Biol Chem. 2013 May 24;288(21):14917-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.454496. Epub 2013 Apr 2. [Article]
- Yuen HW, Becker W: Iron Toxicity . [Article]
- Heinrich HC: Bioavailability of trivalent iron in oral iron preparations. Therapeutic efficacy and iron absorption from simple ferric compounds and high- or low-molecular weight ferric hydroxide-carbohydrate complexes. Arzneimittelforschung. 1975 Mar;25(3):420-6. [Article]
- Pennoyer A, Bridgeman MB: Ferric citrate (auryxia) for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia. P T. 2015 May;40(5):329-39. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Auryxia (ferric citrate) tablets [Link]
- Spectrum Chemical: Ferric Citrate MSDS [Link]
- External Links
- ChemSpider
- 34993203
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL3301597
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) / Hyperphosphataemia / Renal Failure Chronic Requiring Hemodialysis 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Treatment Anemia / Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / Iron Deficiency (ID) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Active Not Recruiting Supportive Care Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) / End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Other End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) / Hyperphosphataemia / Phosphorus Metabolism Disorders / Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Supportive Care Hyperphosphataemia 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, film coated Oral 210 mg/1 Syrup Oral 107.7 mg/5ml Tablet, film coated Oral 1 G Tablet Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US8846976 No 2014-09-30 2024-02-18 US US8093423 No 2012-01-10 2026-04-21 US US5753706 No 1998-05-19 2017-02-03 US US8338642 No 2012-12-25 2024-02-18 US US9050316 No 2015-06-09 2024-02-18 US US8901349 No 2014-12-02 2024-02-18 US US8754258 No 2014-06-17 2024-02-18 US US7767851 No 2010-08-03 2024-02-18 US US8754257 No 2014-06-17 2024-02-18 US US8609896 No 2013-12-17 2024-02-18 US US8299298 No 2012-10-30 2024-02-18 US US9387191 No 2016-07-12 2030-07-21 US US9328133 No 2016-05-03 2024-02-18 US US9757416 No 2017-09-12 2024-02-18 US US10300039 No 2019-05-28 2030-07-21 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.503 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 1.42 ALOGPS logP -1.3 Chemaxon logS -3.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.05 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.2 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 7 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 143.45 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 15 Chemaxon Refractivity 78.69 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 13.97 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Ligand
- General Function
- Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes (PubMed:26214738). Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferrin-receptor complex is then recycled to the cell surface with a return to neutral pH and the concomitant loss of affinity of apotransferrin for its receptor. Transferrin receptor is necessary for development of erythrocytes and the nervous system (By similarity). A second ligand, the hereditary hemochromatosis protein HFE, competes for binding with transferrin for an overlapping C-terminal binding site. Positively regulates T and B cell proliferation through iron uptake (PubMed:26642240). Acts as a lipid sensor that regulates mitochondrial fusion by regulating activation of the JNK pathway (PubMed:26214738). When dietary levels of stearate (C18:0) are low, promotes activation of the JNK pathway, resulting in HUWE1-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the mitofusin MFN2 and inhibition of mitochondrial fusion (PubMed:26214738). When dietary levels of stearate (C18:0) are high, TFRC stearoylation inhibits activation of the JNK pathway and thus degradation of the mitofusin MFN2 (PubMed:26214738)
- Specific Function
- double-stranded RNA binding
- Gene Name
- TFRC
- Uniprot ID
- P02786
- Uniprot Name
- Transferrin receptor protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 84870.665 Da
References
- Hemadi M, Ha-Duong NT, El Hage Chahine JM: The mechanism of iron release from the transferrin-receptor 1 adduct. J Mol Biol. 2006 May 12;358(4):1125-36. Epub 2006 Mar 13. [Article]
- Geisser P, Burckhardt S: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of iron preparations. Pharmaceutics. 2011 Jan 4;3(1):12-33. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics3010012. [Article]
- Waldvogel-Abramowski S, Waeber G, Gassner C, Buser A, Frey BM, Favrat B, Tissot JD: Physiology of iron metabolism. Transfus Med Hemother. 2014 Jun;41(3):213-21. doi: 10.1159/000362888. Epub 2014 May 12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Part of the ABC transporter complex FhuCDB involved in iron(3+)-hydroxamate import. Binds the iron(3+)-hydroxamate complex and transfers it to the membrane-bound permease. Required for the transport of all iron(3+)-hydroxamate siderophores such as ferrichrome, gallichrome, desferrioxamine, coprogen, aerobactin, shizokinen, rhodotorulic acid and the antibiotic albomycin.
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- fhuD
- Uniprot ID
- P07822
- Uniprot Name
- Iron(3+)-hydroxamate-binding protein FhuD
- Molecular Weight
- 32997.965 Da
References
- Clarke TE, Rohrbach MR, Tari LW, Vogel HJ, Koster W: Ferric hydroxamate binding protein FhuD from Escherichia coli: mutants in conserved and non-conserved regions. Biometals. 2002 Jun;15(2):121-31. [Article]
- Koster W, Braun V: Iron (III) hydroxamate transport into Escherichia coli. Substrate binding to the periplasmic FhuD protein. J Biol Chem. 1990 Dec 15;265(35):21407-10. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Plasma membrane reductase that uses cytoplasmic ascorbate as an electron donor to reduce extracellular Fe(3+) into Fe(2+) (PubMed:30272000). Probably functions in dietary iron absorption at the brush border of duodenal enterocytes by producing Fe(2+), the divalent form of iron that can be transported into enterocytes (PubMed:30272000). It is also able to reduce extracellular monodehydro-L-ascorbate and may be involved in extracellular ascorbate regeneration by erythrocytes in blood (PubMed:17068337). May also act as a ferrireductase in airway epithelial cells (Probable). May also function as a cupric transmembrane reductase (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- identical protein binding
- Gene Name
- CYBRD1
- Uniprot ID
- Q53TN4
- Uniprot Name
- Plasma membrane ascorbate-dependent reductase CYBRD1
- Molecular Weight
- 31641.005 Da
References
Carriers
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from sites of absorption and heme degradation to those of storage and utilization. Serum transferrin may also have a further role in stimulating cell proliferation
- Specific Function
- ferric iron binding
- Gene Name
- TF
- Uniprot ID
- P02787
- Uniprot Name
- Serotransferrin
- Molecular Weight
- 77049.175 Da
References
- Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R: Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. 2014 Feb;19(2):164-74. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha-V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A-G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following activation integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 brings about platelet/platelet interaction through binding of soluble fibrinogen. This step leads to rapid platelet aggregation which physically plugs ruptured endothelial surface. Fibrinogen binding enhances SELP expression in activated platelets (By similarity). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and acts as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling (PubMed:23125415, PubMed:24789099). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essential for NRG1-ERBB signaling (PubMed:20682778). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF1 and this binding is essential for FGF1 signaling (PubMed:18441324). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF2 and this binding is essential for FGF2 signaling (PubMed:28302677). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF1 and this binding is essential for IGF1 signaling (PubMed:19578119). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IGF2 and this binding is essential for IGF2 signaling (PubMed:28873464). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to IL1B and this binding is essential for IL1B signaling (PubMed:29030430). ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1 (PubMed:18635536, PubMed:25398877). ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1 (PubMed:12807887). In brain, plays a role in synaptic transmission and plasticity. Involved in the regulation of the serotonin neurotransmission, is required to localize to specific compartments within the synapse the serotonin receptor SLC6A4 and for an appropriate reuptake of serotonin. Controls excitatory synaptic strength by regulating GRIA2-containing AMPAR endocytosis, which affects AMPAR abundance and composition (By similarity). ITGAV:ITGB3 act as a receptor for CD40LG (PubMed:31331973). ITGAV:ITGB3 acts as a receptor for IBSP and promotes cell adhesion and migration to IBSP (PubMed:10640428)
- Specific Function
- cell adhesion molecule binding
- Gene Name
- ITGB3
- Uniprot ID
- P05106
- Uniprot Name
- Integrin beta-3
- Molecular Weight
- 87056.975 Da
References
- Conrad ME, Umbreit JN, Moore EG, Hainsworth LN, Porubcin M, Simovich MJ, Nakada MT, Dolan K, Garrick MD: Separate pathways for cellular uptake of ferric and ferrous iron. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Oct;279(4):G767-74. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.4.G767. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER (PubMed:7876246). Interacts with the DNA-binding domain of NR3C1 and mediates its nuclear export (PubMed:11149926). Involved in maternal gene expression regulation. May participate in oocyte maturation via the regulation of calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Present in the cortical granules of non-activated oocytes, is exocytosed during the cortical reaction in response to oocyte activation and might participate in the block to polyspermy (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- calcium ion binding
- Gene Name
- CALR
- Uniprot ID
- P27797
- Uniprot Name
- Calreticulin
- Molecular Weight
- 48141.2 Da
References
- Conrad ME, Umbreit JN, Moore EG, Hainsworth LN, Porubcin M, Simovich MJ, Nakada MT, Dolan K, Garrick MD: Separate pathways for cellular uptake of ferric and ferrous iron. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Oct;279(4):G767-74. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.4.G767. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Proton-coupled metal ion symporter operating with a proton to metal ion stoichiometry of 1:1 (PubMed:17109629, PubMed:17293870, PubMed:22736759, PubMed:25326704, PubMed:25491917). Selectively transports various divalent metal cations, in decreasing affinity: Cd(2+) > Fe(2+) > Co(2+), Mn(2+) >> Zn(2+), Ni(2+), VO(2+) (PubMed:17109629, PubMed:17293870, PubMed:22736759, PubMed:25326704, PubMed:25491917). Essential for maintenance of iron homeostasis by modulating intestinal absorption of dietary Fe(2+) and TF-associated endosomal Fe(2+) transport in erythroid precursors and other cells (By similarity). Enables Fe(2+) and Mn(2+) ion entry into mitochondria, and is thus expected to promote mitochondrial heme synthesis, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis and antioxidant defense (By similarity) (PubMed:24448823). Can mediate uncoupled fluxes of either protons or metal ions
- Specific Function
- cadmium ion binding
- Gene Name
- SLC11A2
- Uniprot ID
- P49281
- Uniprot Name
- Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2
- Molecular Weight
- 62265.195 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Transports Fe(2+) from the inside of a cell to the outside of the cell, playing a key role for maintaining systemic iron homeostasis (PubMed:15692071, PubMed:22178646, PubMed:22682227, PubMed:24304836, PubMed:29237594, PubMed:29599243, PubMed:30247984). Transports iron from intestinal, splenic, hepatic cells, macrophages and erythrocytes into the blood to provide iron to other tissues (By similarity). Controls therefore dietary iron uptake, iron recycling by macrophages and erythrocytes, and release of iron stores in hepatocytes (By similarity). When iron is in excess in serum, circulating HAMP/hepcidin levels increase resulting in a degradation of SLC40A1, thus limiting the iron efflux to plasma (PubMed:22682227, PubMed:29237594, PubMed:32814342)
- Specific Function
- ferrous iron transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC40A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NP59
- Uniprot Name
- Ferroportin
- Molecular Weight
- 62541.55 Da
References
Drug created at July 12, 2018 16:50 / Updated at January 08, 2021 01:07