Rifaximin
Identification
- Name
- Rifaximin
- Accession Number
- DB01220
- Description
Rifaximin is a semisynthetic, rifamycin-based non-systemic antibiotic, meaning that the drug will not pass the gastrointestinal wall into the circulation as is common for other types of orally administered antibiotics. It has multiple indications and is used in treatment of traveller's diarrhea caused by E. coli; reduction in risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence; as well as diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) in adult women and men. It is marketed under the brand name Xifaxan by Salix Pharmaceuticals.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 785.8785
Monoisotopic: 785.352359489 - Chemical Formula
- C43H51N3O11
- Synonyms
- Rifamycin L 105
- Rifamycin L 105SV
- Rifaxidin
- Rifaximin
- Rifaximina
- Rifaximine
- Rifaximinun
Pharmacology
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- Indication
Rifaximin has multiple indications by the FDA: for the treatment of patients (≥12 years of age) with traveller's diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli; for the reduction of overt hepatic encephalopathy recurrence in patients ≥18 years of age; and in May 2015 it was approved for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) treatment in adult men and women.
- Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Contraindications & Blackbox WarningsWith our commercial data, access important information on dangerous risks, contraindications, and adverse effects.Our Blackbox Warnings cover Risks, Contraindications, and Adverse Effects
- Pharmacodynamics
Rifaximin is a structural analog of rifampin and a non-systemic, gastrointestinal site-specific antibiotic. This non-systemic property of the drug is due to the addition of a pyridoimidazole ring, which renders it non-absorbable. Rifaximin acts by inhibiting bacterial ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis and contributes to restore intestinal microflora imbalance. Other studies have also shown rifaximin to be an pregnane X receptor (PXR) activator. As PXR is responsible for inhibiting the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-kappa B (NF-κB) and is inhibited in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rifaximin was proven to be effective for the treatment of IBS-D.
- Mechanism of action
Rifaximin acts by inhibiting RNA synthesis in susceptible bacteria by binding to the beta-subunit of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase enzyme. This binding blocks translocation, which stops transcription.
Target Actions Organism ADNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta inhibitorEscherichia coli (strain K12) NNuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 agonistHumans - Absorption
Low absorption in both the fasting state and when administered within 30 minutes of a high-fat breakfast.
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
In vitro drug interactions studies have shown that rifaximin, at concentrations ranging from 2 to 200 ng/mL, did not inhibit human hepatic cytochrome P450 isoenzymes: 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4. In an in vitro hepa-tocyte induction model, rifaximin was shown to induce cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), an isoenzyme which rifampin is known to induce.
- Route of elimination
In a mass balance study, after administration of 400 mg 14C-rifaximin orally to healthy volunteers, of the 96.94% total recovery, 96.62% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in feces almost exclusively as the unchanged drug and 0.32% was recovered in urine mostly as metabolites with 0.03% as the unchanged drug.Rifaximin accounted for 18% of radioactivity in plasma. This suggests that the absorbed rifaximin undergoes metabolism with minimal renal excretion of the unchanged drug
- Half-life
Approximately 6 hours.
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Reduce medical errorsand improve treatment outcomes with our comprehensive & structured data on drug adverse effects.Reduce medical errors & improve treatment outcomes with our adverse effects data
- Toxicity
LD50 > 2 g/kg (orally, in rats)
- Affected organisms
- Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Rifaximin can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Abiraterone The metabolism of Abiraterone can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Acebutolol The metabolism of Acebutolol can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Afatinib The serum concentration of Rifaximin can be increased when it is combined with Afatinib. Albendazole The metabolism of Albendazole can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Alectinib The metabolism of Alectinib can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Almotriptan The metabolism of Almotriptan can be increased when combined with Rifaximin. Improve patient outcomesBuild effective decision support tools with the industry’s most comprehensive drug-drug interaction checker.Learn more - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. Fatty meals may increase the systemic AUC of rifaximin, but do not impact Cmax. Rifaximin is an antibacterial used for local action in the gastrointestinal tract; therefore, changes in systemic exposure may not significantly impact efficacy.
Products
- Comprehensive & structured drug product infoFrom application numbers to product codes, connect different identifiers through our commercial datasets.Easily connect various identifiers back to our datasets
- Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Normix / Rifacol / Xifaxsan
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Categories
- ATC Codes
- A07AA11 — Rifaximin
- A07AA — Antibiotics
- A07A — INTESTINAL ANTIINFECTIVES
- A07 — ANTIDIARRHEALS, INTESTINAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY/ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Amides
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Antibiotics for Topical Use
- Antidiarrheals, Intestinal Antiinflammatory/antiinfective Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inducers (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers (strong)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Dermatologicals
- Gastrointestinal Agents
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Intestinal Antiinfectives
- Lactams
- Lactams, Macrocyclic
- Rifamycin Antibacterial
- Rifamycins
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as macrolactams. These are cyclic amides of amino carboxylic acids, having a 1-azacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring. They are nitrogen analogues (the a nitrogen atom replacing the o atom of the cyclic carboxylic acid group ) of the naturally occurring macrolides.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
- Class
- Macrolactams
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Macrolactams
- Alternative Parents
- Naphthofurans / Naphthols and derivatives / Benzimidazoles / Benzofurans / Coumarans / Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines / Aryl alkyl ketones / Methylpyridines / Ketals / N-substituted imidazoles show 14 more
- Substituents
- 1-naphthol / Acetal / Alcohol / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl alkyl ketone / Aryl ketone / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid / Benzimidazole show 33 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- acetate ester, organic heterohexacyclic compound, lactam, semisynthetic derivative, macrocycle, cyclic ketal, rifamycin (CHEBI:75246)
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- L36O5T016N
- CAS number
- 80621-81-4
- InChI Key
- NZCRJKRKKOLAOJ-XRCRFVBUSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C43H51N3O11/c1-19-14-16-46-28(18-19)44-32-29-30-37(50)25(7)40-31(29)41(52)43(9,57-40)55-17-15-27(54-10)22(4)39(56-26(8)47)24(6)36(49)23(5)35(48)20(2)12-11-13-21(3)42(53)45-33(34(32)46)38(30)51/h11-18,20,22-24,27,35-36,39,48-51H,1-10H3,(H,45,53)/b12-11+,17-15+,21-13-/t20-,22+,23+,24+,27-,35-,36+,39+,43-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (7S,9E,11S,12R,13S,14R,15R,16R,17S,18S,19E,21Z)-2,15,17,36-tetrahydroxy-11-methoxy-3,7,12,14,16,18,22,30-octamethyl-6,23-dioxo-8,37-dioxa-24,27,33-triazahexacyclo[23.10.1.1⁴,⁷.0⁵,³⁵.0²⁶,³⁴.0²⁷,³²]heptatriaconta-1,3,5(35),9,19,21,25(36),26(34),28,30,32-undecaen-13-yl acetate
- SMILES
- CO[C@H]1\C=C\O[C@@]2(C)OC3=C(C)C(O)=C4C(O)=C(NC(=O)\C(C)=C/C=C/[C@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H]1C)C1=C(N=C5C=C(C)C=CN15)C4=C3C2=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Giuseppe Viscomi, Manuela Campana, Dario Braga, Donatella Confortini, Vincenzo Cannata, Paolo Righi, Goffredo Rosini, "Polymorphic forms of rifaximin, processes for their production and uses thereof." U.S. Patent US20050272754, issued December 08, 2005.
US20050272754- General References
- Cottreau J, Baker SF, DuPont HL, Garey KW: Rifaximin: a nonsystemic rifamycin antibiotic for gastrointestinal infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2010 Jul;8(7):747-60. doi: 10.1586/eri.10.58. [PubMed:20586560]
- Williams R, Bass N: Rifaximin, a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic, in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: antimicrobial activity, efficacy, and safety. Rev Gastroenterol Disord. 2005;5 Suppl 1:S10-8. [PubMed:15976747]
- Koo HL, DuPont HL: Rifaximin: a unique gastrointestinal-selective antibiotic for enteric diseases. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;26(1):17-25. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e328333dc8d. [PubMed:19881343]
- Pakyz AL: Rifaximin: a new treatment for travelers' diarrhea. Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Feb;39(2):284-9. Epub 2004 Dec 14. [PubMed:15598963]
- Jalan R: Rifaximin in hepatic encephalopathy: more than just a non-absorbable antibiotic? J Hepatol. 2010 Sep;53(3):580-2. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.05.002. Epub 2010 May 31. [PubMed:20561708]
- Lawrence KR, Klee JA: Rifaximin for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Pharmacotherapy. 2008 Aug;28(8):1019-32. doi: 10.1592/phco.28.8.1019. [PubMed:18657018]
- Layer P, Andresen V: Review article: rifaximin, a minimally absorbed oral antibacterial, for the treatment of travellers' diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jun;31(11):1155-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04296.x. Epub 2010 Mar 11. [PubMed:20331580]
- Ojetti V, Lauritano EC, Barbaro F, Migneco A, Ainora ME, Fontana L, Gabrielli M, Gasbarrini A: Rifaximin pharmacology and clinical implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Jun;5(6):675-82. doi: 10.1517/17425250902973695. [PubMed:19442033]
- Scarpignato C, Pelosini I: Rifaximin, a poorly absorbed antibiotic: pharmacology and clinical potential. Chemotherapy. 2005;51 Suppl 1:36-66. [PubMed:15855748]
- Gillis JC, Brogden RN: Rifaximin. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential in conditions mediated by gastrointestinal bacteria. Drugs. 1995 Mar;49(3):467-84. [PubMed:7774516]
- Koo HL, Dupont HL, Huang DB: The role of rifaximin in the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of travelers' diarrhea. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2009;5:841-8. Epub 2009 Nov 2. [PubMed:19898648]
- DuPont HL: Systematic review: prevention of travellers' diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 May;27(9):741-51. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03647.x. Epub 2008 Feb 14. [PubMed:18284650]
- Romero-Gomez M: Pharmacotherapy of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Jun;11(8):1317-27. doi: 10.1517/14656561003724721. [PubMed:20384539]
- Scarpignato C, Pelosini I: Experimental and clinical pharmacology of rifaximin, a gastrointestinal selective antibiotic. Digestion. 2006;73 Suppl 1:13-27. Epub 2006 Feb 8. [PubMed:16498249]
- Pimentel M: Review of rifaximin as treatment for SIBO and IBS. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Mar;18(3):349-58. doi: 10.1517/13543780902780175 . [PubMed:19243285]
- Rifaximin Australian Public Assessment Report [File]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB15351
- KEGG Drug
- D02554
- PubChem Compound
- 6436173
- PubChem Substance
- 46508705
- ChemSpider
- 10482302
- BindingDB
- 50347620
- 35619
- ChEBI
- 75246
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1617
- ZINC
- ZINC000169621200
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001006
- PharmGKB
- PA164752443
- PDBe Ligand
- RXM
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Rifaximin
- AHFS Codes
- 08:12.28.30 — Rifamycins
- PDB Entries
- 6bee
- FDA label
- Download (478 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (58.4 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Completed Basic Science Ascites / Liver Cirrhosis 1 4 Completed Basic Science Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) 1 4 Completed Basic Science Hepatoencephalopathy, Early Fatal Progressive / Liver Cirrhosis 1 4 Completed Prevention Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) 1 4 Completed Prevention Clostridium Difficile Infection (CDI) 1 4 Completed Prevention Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) 1 4 Completed Treatment Diverticular disorders 1 4 Completed Treatment Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) / Liver Cirrhosis 1 4 Completed Treatment Traveler's Diarrhea 1 4 Not Yet Recruiting Treatment Weight Loss 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- Patheon Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Salix Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Granule, for suspension Oral 200 mg/10ml Tablet, film coated Oral 400 mg Tablet, film coated Oral 200 mg Ointment 5 % Tablet, coated Oral 550 mg Granule, for suspension Oral 100 MG/5ML Suspension Oral 2 g Tablet, film coated Oral 550 mg Capsule, liquid filled Oral 550 mg Capsule, liquid filled Oral 200 mg Powder, for suspension Oral 2 g Granule, for suspension Oral 2 G/100ML Tablet Oral 100 MG Cream Topical 5 % Solution / drops Oral 5 % Tablet, coated Oral 400 mg Tablet, coated Oral 200 mg Tablet Oral 200 mg/1 Tablet Oral 550 mg/1 Tablet Oral - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Xifaxan 550 mg tablet 22.4USD tablet Xifaxan 200 mg tablet 8.97USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US7928115 No 2011-04-19 2029-07-24 US US8741904 No 2014-06-03 2026-02-27 US US7612199 No 2009-11-03 2024-06-19 US US8853231 No 2014-10-07 2024-06-19 US US8158644 No 2012-04-17 2024-06-19 US US8193196 No 2012-06-05 2027-09-02 US US7906542 No 2011-03-15 2025-06-01 US US8158781 No 2012-04-17 2024-06-19 US US7045620 No 2006-05-16 2024-06-19 US US8518949 No 2013-08-27 2026-02-27 US US8835452 No 2014-09-16 2024-06-19 US US7902206 No 2011-03-08 2024-06-19 US US8829017 No 2014-09-09 2029-07-24 US US8642573 No 2014-02-04 2029-10-02 US US8969398 No 2015-03-03 2029-10-02 US US8946252 No 2015-02-03 2029-07-24 US US7915275 No 2011-03-29 2025-02-23 US US8309569 No 2012-11-13 2029-07-18 US US7718608 No 2010-05-18 2019-08-11 US US7452857 No 2008-11-18 2019-08-11 US US6861053 No 2005-03-01 2019-08-11 US US7605240 No 2009-10-20 2019-08-11 US US7935799 No 2011-05-03 2019-08-11 US US9271968 No 2016-03-01 2026-02-27 US US9421195 No 2016-08-23 2030-03-10 US US9629828 No 2017-04-25 2029-07-24 US US10314828 No 2019-06-11 2029-10-02 US US10335397 No 2019-07-02 2029-10-02 US US10456384 No 2019-10-29 2029-02-26 US US10709694 No 2009-07-24 2029-07-24 US US10703763 No 2006-02-27 2026-02-27 US US10765667 No 2009-02-26 2029-02-26 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source logP 2.6 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.00738 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 4.94 ALOGPS logP 4.37 ChemAxon logS -5 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.66 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 11.87 ChemAxon Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 11 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 5 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 198.38 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 ChemAxon Refractivity 216.69 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 82.26 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 6 ChemAxon Bioavailability 0 ChemAxon Rule of Five No ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.646 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.973 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6301 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.6681 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.6985 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.7134 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9533 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8256 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8783 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.5651 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.7129 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7393 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.875 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7684 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8904 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.7729 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6276 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9055 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 2.6259 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.994 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.721
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets

- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Escherichia coli (strain K12)
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Ribonucleoside binding
- Specific Function
- DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates.
- Gene Name
- rpoB
- Uniprot ID
- P0A8V2
- Uniprot Name
- DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
- Molecular Weight
- 150631.165 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Vitali B, Turroni S, Dal Piaz F, Candela M, Wasinger V, Brigidi P: Genetic and proteomic characterization of rifaximin resistance in Bifidobacterium infantis BI07. Res Microbiol. 2007 May;158(4):355-62. Epub 2007 Feb 22. [PubMed:17408927]
- Ojetti V, Lauritano EC, Barbaro F, Migneco A, Ainora ME, Fontana L, Gabrielli M, Gasbarrini A: Rifaximin pharmacology and clinical implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2009 Jun;5(6):675-82. doi: 10.1517/17425250902973695. [PubMed:19442033]
- Koo HL, Dupont HL, Huang DB: The role of rifaximin in the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of travelers' diarrhea. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2009;5:841-8. Epub 2009 Nov 2. [PubMed:19898648]
- Scarpignato C, Pelosini I: Experimental and clinical pharmacology of rifaximin, a gastrointestinal selective antibiotic. Digestion. 2006;73 Suppl 1:13-27. Epub 2006 Feb 8. [PubMed:16498249]
- Pimentel M: Review of rifaximin as treatment for SIBO and IBS. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2009 Mar;18(3):349-58. doi: 10.1517/13543780902780175 . [PubMed:19243285]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds and is activated by variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. Transcription factor that activates the transcription of multiple genes involved in the metabolism an...
- Gene Name
- NR1I2
- Uniprot ID
- O75469
- Uniprot Name
- Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 49761.245 Da
References
- Cheng J, Shah YM, Ma X, Pang X, Tanaka T, Kodama T, Krausz KW, Gonzalez FJ: Therapeutic role of rifaximin in inflammatory bowel disease: clinical implication of human pregnane X receptor activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Oct;335(1):32-41. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.170225. Epub 2010 Jul 13. [PubMed:20627999]
- Ma X, Shah YM, Guo GL, Wang T, Krausz KW, Idle JR, Gonzalez FJ: Rifaximin is a gut-specific human pregnane X receptor activator. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jul;322(1):391-8. Epub 2007 Apr 18. [PubMed:17442842]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInducer
- General Function
- Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [PubMed:11996015]
- Hoffman JT, Hartig C, Sonbol E, Lang M: Probable interaction between warfarin and rifaximin in a patient treated for small intestine bacterial overgrowth. Ann Pharmacother. 2011 May;45(5):e25. doi: 10.1345/aph.1P578. Epub 2011 Apr 19. [PubMed:21505109]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55930.545 Da
References
- Rana R, Chen Y, Ferguson SS, Kissling GE, Surapureddi S, Goldstein JA: Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4{alpha} regulates rifampicin-mediated induction of CYP2C genes in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Apr;38(4):591-9. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.030387. Epub 2010 Jan 19. [PubMed:20086032]
- Edwards RJ, Price RJ, Watts PS, Renwick AB, Tredger JM, Boobis AR, Lake BG: Induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes in cultured precision-cut human liver slices. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Mar;31(3):282-8. [PubMed:12584154]
- Rifaximin FDA label [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Steroid hydroxylase activity
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Rendic S: Summary of information on human CYP enzymes: human P450 metabolism data. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):83-448. [PubMed:11996015]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated on March 04, 2021 11:01