Silver sulfadiazine

Identification

Summary

Silver sulfadiazine is a topical sulfonamide antibiotic that acts on the bacterial cell wall and cell membrane; approved for the treatment of burns.

Brand Names
Flamazine, Silvadene, Ssd, Thermazene
Generic Name
Silver sulfadiazine
DrugBank Accession Number
DB05245
Background

Silver sulfadiazine is a sulfa derivative topical antibacterial used primarily on second- and third-degree burns.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 357.137
Monoisotopic: 355.949714262
Chemical Formula
C10H9AgN4O2S
Synonyms
  • Silver sulfadiazinate
  • Silver sulfadiazine
  • Silver sulphadiazine
  • Sulfadiazine silver
  • Sulfadiazine silver salt

Pharmacology

Indication

Indicated as an adjunct for the prevention and treatment of wound sepsis in patients with second- and third-degree burns.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used as adjunct in combination to preventWound sepsisCombination Product in combination with: Chlorhexidine (DB00878)••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in prophylaxis ofWound sepsis••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofWound sepsis••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in prophylaxis ofWound sepsis••••••••••••
Adjunct therapy in treatment ofWound sepsis••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Silver sulfadiazine has broad antimicrobial activity. It is bactericidal for many gram- negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as being effective against yeast. Silver sulfadiazine is not a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and may be useful in situations where such agents are contraindicated.

Mechanism of action

Studies utilizing radioactive micronized silver sulfadiazine, electron microscopy, and biochemical techniques have revealed that the mechanism of action of silver sulfadiazine on bacteria differs from silver nitrate and sodium sulfadiazine. Silver sulfadiazine acts only on the cell membrane and cell wall to produce its bactericidal effect. A specific mechanism of action has not been determined, but silver sulfadiazine's effectiveness may possibly be from a synergistic interaction, or the action of each component. Silver is a biocide, which binds to a broad range of targets. Silver ions bind to nucleophilic amino acids, as well as sulfhydryl, amino, imidazole, phosphate, and carboxyl groups in proteins, causing protein denaturation and enzyme inhibition. Silver binds to surface membranes and proteins, causing proton leaks in the membrane, leading to cell death. Sulfadiazine is a competitive inhibitor of bacterial para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a substrate of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase. The inhibited reaction is necessary in these organisms for the synthesis of folic acid.

TargetActionsOrganism
ADNA
binder
Humans
Absorption

Very limited penetration through the skin. Only when applied to very large area burns is absorption into the body generally an issue.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Acute oral toxicity (LD50) in rat is 10001 mg/kg.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
Allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in murine collagenThe therapeutic efficacy of Allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in murine collagen can be decreased when used in combination with Silver sulfadiazine.
AmbroxolThe risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Silver sulfadiazine is combined with Ambroxol.
ArticaineThe risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Silver sulfadiazine is combined with Articaine.
BenzocaineThe risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Silver sulfadiazine is combined with Benzocaine.
Benzyl alcoholThe risk or severity of methemoglobinemia can be increased when Silver sulfadiazine is combined with Benzyl alcohol.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Sulfadiazineunknown0N7609K88968-35-9SEEPANYCNGTZFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Silver cationionic57N7B0K90A14701-21-4FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
International/Other Brands
Dermazin / Flamazine / Silverol
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Dermazin Crm 1%Cream1 %TopicalPharmascience Inc1993-12-312016-10-28Canada flag
FlamazineCream1 %TopicalSmith & Nephew, Inc.1974-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
SilvadeneCream10 mg/1gTopicalPfizer Laboratories Div Pfizer Inc1973-11-26Not applicableUS flag
SilvadeneCream10 mg/1gTopicalA-S Medication Solutions1973-11-262016-05-31US flag
SilvadeneCream10 mg/1gTopicalA S Medication Solutions1973-11-26Not applicableUS flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Silver SulfadiazineCream10 mg/1gTopicalKeltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.2007-03-10Not applicableUS flag
Silver SulfadiazineCream10 mg/1gTopicalGreenstone LLC2018-01-15Not applicableUS flag
Silver SulfadiazineCream10 g/1000gTopicalLake Erie Medical &Surgical Supply Dba Quality Care Products Llc2012-03-22Not applicableUS flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Hydrogel AG Silver Antimicrobial Wound DressingGel1 kg/1kgTopicalGentell, Inc.2018-01-01Not applicableUS flag
ชิลเวอร์ซิน ครีมCream1 %w/wTopicalบริษัท ฟาร์สเป็ค จำกัด จำกัด1998-03-10Not applicableThailand flag
ซันเดอร์มา ครีมCream1 %w/wTopicalบริษัท บางกอกแล็ป แอนด์ คอสเมติค จำกัด จำกัด2006-04-042019-10-21Thailand flag
ซิลเว็กซ์ ครีมCream1 %w/wTopicalบริษัท โอสถ อินเตอร์ แลบบอราทอรีส์ จำกัด จำกัด2003-06-13Not applicableThailand flag
ซิลเวอร์ซัลCream1 %w/wTopicalบริษัท เอเชี่ยนยูเนี่ยนแล็บบอราตอรี่ จำกัด จำกัด1988-07-25Not applicableThailand flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
DERİSİV PLUS KREM, 50 GRAMSilver sulfadiazine (10 mg/g) + Lidocaine (50 mg/g)CreamTopicalRDC İLAÇ ARAŞTIRMA VE GELİŞTİRME SAN. A.Ş.2020-08-14Not applicableTurkey flag
Flamazine CSilver sulfadiazine (10 mg / g) + Chlorhexidine gluconate (2 mg / g)CreamTopicalSmith & Nephew, Inc.1987-12-312001-07-01Canada flag
SILVAZINE CREAMSilver sulfadiazine (10 mg/g) + Chlorhexidine gluconate (2 mg/g)CreamTopicalSMITH & NEPHEW PTE LIMITED1990-02-22Not applicableSingapore flag
SİLVERDİN PLUS %1 + %5 KREM, 50 GSilver sulfadiazine (1 %) + Lidocaine (5 %)CreamTopicalDeva Holding A.S.2013-12-31Not applicableTurkey flag
SILVIN CREAMSilver sulfadiazine (1 % w/v) + Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2 % w/v)CreamTopicalICM PHARMA PTE. LTD.1998-02-10Not applicableSingapore flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Hydrogel AG Silver Antimicrobial Wound DressingSilver sulfadiazine (1 kg/1kg)GelTopicalGentell, Inc.2018-01-01Not applicableUS flag
RayaSore KitSilver sulfadiazine (10 mg/1g) + Povidone-iodine (10 mg/1mL)KitTopicalRaya Pharmaceuticals LLC2022-08-23Not applicableUS flag
SILVADIAZIN 40 GR KREMSilver sulfadiazine (40 gr)CreamTopicalTOPRAK İLAÇ VE KİMYEVİ MADDELER SAN.VE TİC. A.Ş.2013-01-29Not applicableTurkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
D06BA01 — Silver sulfadiazineG01AE10 — Combinations of sulfonamidesD06BA51 — Silver sulfadiazine, combinations
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzenesulfonamides. These are organic compounds containing a sulfonamide group that is S-linked to a benzene ring.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Benzenesulfonamides
Direct Parent
Benzenesulfonamides
Alternative Parents
Benzenesulfonyl compounds / Aniline and substituted anilines / Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives / Sulfonyls / Organosulfonic acids and derivatives / Heteroaromatic compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Primary amines / Organopnictogen compounds / Organic zwitterions
show 3 more
Substituents
Amine / Aniline or substituted anilines / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenesulfonamide / Benzenesulfonyl group / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Organic nitrogen compound / Organic oxide
show 14 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
silver salt, sulfonamidate, pyrimidines (CHEBI:9142)
Affected organisms
  • Yeast and other fungi
  • Candida albicans and other yeasts
  • Various gram-negative and gram-positive eubacteria
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Staphylococcus aureus

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
W46JY43EJR
CAS number
22199-08-2
InChI Key
UEJSSZHHYBHCEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C10H9N4O2S.Ag/c11-8-2-4-9(5-3-8)17(15,16)14-10-12-6-1-7-13-10;/h1-7H,11H2;/q-1;+1
IUPAC Name
silver(1+) 4-{[(pyrimidin-2-yl)azanidyl]sulfonyl}aniline
SMILES
[Ag+].NC1=CC=C(C=C1)S(=O)(=O)[N-]C1=NC=CC=N1

References

Synthesis Reference

Charles L. Fox, Jr., Shanta M. Modak, Paul Fox, "Wound dressing comprising silver sulfadiazine incorporated in animal tissue and method of preparation." U.S. Patent US4599226, issued September, 1977.

US4599226
General References
  1. Fox CL Jr, Modak SM: Mechanism of silver sulfadiazine action on burn wound infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1974 Jun;5(6):582-8. [Article]
  2. Russell AD, Hugo WB: Antimicrobial activity and action of silver. Prog Med Chem. 1994;31:351-70. [Article]
  3. Percival SL, Bowler PG, Russell D: Bacterial resistance to silver in wound care. J Hosp Infect. 2005 May;60(1):1-7. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015610
KEGG Drug
D00433
PubChem Compound
441244
PubChem Substance
46507881
ChemSpider
390017
RxNav
9793
ChEBI
9142
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1382627
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP001321
PharmGKB
PA164744951
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Silver_sulfadiazine
MSDS
Download (73.2 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedPreventionBurns1
4CompletedTreatmentBurns1
4CompletedTreatmentSecond Degree Burns1
4TerminatedTreatmentSuperficial Partial Thickness Burns1
3CompletedTreatmentBurns1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Ascend Laboratories LLC
  • BASF Corp.
  • DispenseXpress Inc.
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Doctor Reddys Laboratories Ltd.
  • Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
  • Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • King Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Monarch Pharmacy
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Par Pharmaceuticals
  • Pharmedix
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Quality Care
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
  • Sherwood Medical
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Tyco Healthcare Group LP
  • Watson Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SuspensionTopical1.000 g
CreamTopical1.000 g
CreamCutaneous1 g
CreamTopical
CreamOcclusive dressing technique
CreamTopical
CreamTopical1 %
CreamTopical1 % w/w
CreamTopical10 mg/g
GelTopical1 kg/1kg
CreamCutaneous1.000 g
AerosolTopical1 g
KitTopical
Spray; suspensionTopical1 %
CreamTopical40 gr
CreamTopical2 mg/g
CreamTopical10 g/1000g
CreamTopical100000 g
LotionTopical1 g
SuspensionTopical10 mg
CreamTopical1 g
PowderTopical1000 mg
CreamTopical10 mg/1g
PowderTopical1 g
CreamCutaneous1.00 g
CreamTopical1 %w/w
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Silvadene 1% Cream 400 gm Jar73.48USD jar
Silvadene 1% Cream 85 gm Tube38.47USD tube
Silver Sulfadiazine 1% Cream 400 gm Jar36.48USD jar
Silvadene 1% Cream 20 gm Tube27.94USD tube
Silver Sulfadiazine 1% Cream 50 gm Jar21.99USD jar
Silver Sulfadiazine 1% Cream 85 gm Jar19.99USD jar
Silver Sulfadiazine 1% Cream 25 gm Jar13.99USD jar
Silvadene 1% cream0.93USD g
Flamazine 1 % Cream0.33USD g
Ssd af 1% cream0.21USD g
Thermazene 1% cream0.19USD g
Ssd 1% cream0.12USD g
Silver sulfadiazine 1% crm0.09USD g
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)285 °CNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility7.87 mg/mLALOGPS
logP0.19ALOGPS
logP0.39Chemaxon
logS-1.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)6.99Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)2.01Chemaxon
Physiological Charge-1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area95.17 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count2Chemaxon
Refractivity63.4 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability24.1 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings2Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9711
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9438
Caco-2 permeable+0.621
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.9127
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9363
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9097
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8426
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7881
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.8443
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7321
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9233
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8439
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9385
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8978
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8894
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8721
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.8603
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.9406
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9517
Rat acute toxicity2.1559 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9314
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8823
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0udi-7691000000-b8839be77eb55e7132fd
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-163.0191073
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-163.2836073
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+163.9857073
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+163.7030073
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+163.3189073
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+163.0250073
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0

Targets

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Kind
Nucleotide
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Binder
DNA is the molecule of heredity, as it is responsible for the genetic propagation of most inherited traits. It is a polynucleic acid that carries genetic information on cell growth, division, and function. DNA consists of two long strands of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and held together by hydrogen bonds. The sequence of nucleotides determines hereditary characteristics. Each strand serves as the template for subsequent DNA replication and as a template for mRNA production, leading to protein synthesis via ribosomes.
References
  1. McDonnell G, Russell AD: Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999 Jan;12(1):147-79. [Article]

Drug created at October 28, 2007 14:21 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48