Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Generic Name
- Calcium threonate
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB11168
- Background
Calcium threonate is a calcium salt of threnoic acid and a novel drug developed for the treatment of osteoporosis and as a calcium supplement 1. It is found in dietary supplements as a source of L-threonate used in the treatment of calcium deficiency and prevention of osteoporosis. The most common form is calcium L-threonate, or (2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxy butyric acid calcium 1. L-threonate is an active metabolite of vitamin C that mediates a stimulatory action on vitamin C uptake 1. Therapeutic efficacy of calcium threonate in reducing was studied and investigated due to the hypothesis that it may play a role in the mineralization process through its positive action on vitamin C.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Calcium threonate (DB11168)
- Weight
- Average: 310.268
Monoisotopic: 310.0212876 - Chemical Formula
- C8H14CaO10
- Synonyms
- Calcium L-threonate
- Threonine, calcium salt
Pharmacology
- Indication
No approved therapeutic indications.
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In a preclinical study, calcium L-theronate inhibited the bone resorption of osteoclasts in vitro 1.
- Mechanism of action
Once dissociated to calcium and L-theronic acid, L-threonic acid exhibits significant stimulatory action on vitamin C uptake and prolongs the retention of vitamin C in human T-lymphoma cells 1. Vitamin C is a marker for osteoblast formation and has been shown to stimulate procollagen and enhance collagen synthesis 1. Via stimulation of vitamin C uptake, L-threonic acid acts as a metabolite that influences the mineralization process 1.
- Absorption
Human studies demonstrate that calcium from calcium L-threonate is absorbed 2. In an open-label, single- and multiple-dose study of healthy adult Chinese subjects receiving a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was 32.3 mg/L 1. The time to reach peak plasma concentration (Tmax) was approximately 2 hours 1.
- Volume of distribution
The apparent total volume of distribution following a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 53.6 L 1.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
The presence of threonic acid in human urine has been identified 2. In a pharmacokinetic study of rats receiving 200 mg/kg bw of calcium threonate orally, approximately 30% of the calcium was excreted in the urine, around 40% was eliminated in the faeces, and about 10 -20% remained in the blood and bone, and about 10% was stored in organs after 24 hours of administration 2.
- Half-life
The terminal-phase elimination half-life following a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 2.7 hours 1.
- Clearance
Apparent total clearance following a single oral dose of 2025 mg calcium theronate in healthy adult Chinese subjects was approximately 14.5 L/h 1.
- Adverse Effects
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Calcium L-threonate has low oral acute toxicity, with no adverse effects observed at doses as high as 40 g/kg bw in mice or 32 g/kg bw in rats 2. In a subchronic study of rats, the NOAEL of 4 g/kg bw/day was reported with the occurrence of reversible effects on blood coagulation and accretion of the thyroid gland 2. Studies in vitro and in vivo suggest that calcium L-threonate is unlikely to have genotoxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic potential as L-threonate is an endogenous compound in the body 2. Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies in mice indicated that calcium L-threonate in doses up to 6 g/kg bw/day has no adverse effect on the fertility and the developing fetus, and did not cause maternal toxicity 2.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.Not Available
- Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
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Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Calcium cation ionic 2M83C4R6ZB 14127-61-8 BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Soin Solaire Complete SPF30 Calcium threonate (.001 mg/1mL) + Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (.17 mg/1mL) + Panthenol (7.5 mg/1mL) + Titanium dioxide (70 mg/1mL) + Tocopherol (1 mg/1mL) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (5 mg/1mL) Emulsion Topical Elemis Ltd. 2012-03-27 2012-12-31 US 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Ferrex 150 Forte Plus Calcium threonate (0.8 mg/1) + Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (60 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (25 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (150 mg/1) + Succinic acid (50 mg/1) Capsule Oral Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2008-08-01 2012-09-30 US Folcaps Care One Calcium threonate (1 mg/1) + Biotin (300 mg/1) + Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (24 mg/1) + Calcium carbonate (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (350 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (100 mg/1) + Iodine (150 ug/1) + Iron (27 mg/1) + Magnesium (50 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (10 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg/1) + Zinc (5 mg/1) + alpha-Linolenic acid (50 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (15 [iU]/1) Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Mayne Pharma Inc. 2009-05-01 2016-12-31 US Folcaps Omega-3 Calcium threonate (1 mg/1) + Calcium (150 mg/1) + Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (24 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (170 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (260 mg/1) + Ferrous asparto glycinate (7 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (40 mg/1) + Iron (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + alpha-Linolenic acid (30 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Mayne Pharma Inc. 2011-01-03 2016-12-31 US Se-Care Chewable Calcium threonate (50 mg/1) + Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (50 mg/1) + Calcium carbonate (250 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (6 ug/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3.5 [iU]/1) + Ferrous fumarate (40 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (50 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (2 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1) Tablet, chewable Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2009-05-01 2011-08-31 US Se-Care Conceive Calcium threonate (30 mg/1) + Calcium ascorbate dihydrate (30 mg/1) + Calcium carbonate (200 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Ferrous fumarate (30 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (100 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (3 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2009-05-05 2011-04-15 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives. These are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic oxygen compounds
- Class
- Organooxygen compounds
- Sub Class
- Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
- Direct Parent
- Sugar acids and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Short-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives / Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives / Monosaccharides / Fatty acids and conjugates / Secondary alcohols / Carboxylic acid salts / Polyols / Organic calcium salts / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids show 5 more
- Substituents
- Alcohol / Aliphatic acyclic compound / Beta-hydroxy acid / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Carboxylic acid salt / Fatty acid / Hydrocarbon derivative / Hydroxy acid show 11 more
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- Not Available
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- HBB4YPO93U
- CAS number
- 70753-61-6
- InChI Key
- ZJXGOFZGZFVRHK-BALCVSAKSA-L
- InChI
- InChI=1S/2C4H8O5.Ca/c2*5-1-2(6)3(7)4(8)9;/h2*2-3,5-7H,1H2,(H,8,9);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3+;/m00./s1
- IUPAC Name
- calcium bis((2R,3S)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoate)
- SMILES
- [Ca++].OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O.OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O
References
- General References
- Wang HY, Hu P, Jiang J: Pharmacokinetics and safety of calcium L-threonate in healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administrations. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2011 Dec;32(12):1555-60. doi: 10.1038/aps.2011.138. Epub 2011 Oct 10. [Article]
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA): Opinion on Calcium L-threonate for use as a source of calcium in food supplements [Link]
- External Links
- MSDS
- Download (196 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, coated Oral Capsule Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Tablet Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Kit Oral Emulsion Topical - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) >300 MSDS water solubility Soluble Australian Government Department of Health Therapeutic Goods Administration: Compositional guideline for Calcium L-threonate - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 86.1 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1.7 ALOGPS logP -2.1 Chemaxon logS -0.56 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 3.4 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -3 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 100.82 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 6 Chemaxon Refractivity 37.18 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 11.18 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 158.68057 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 161.29988 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 168.90536 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Drug created at December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated at June 12, 2020 16:53