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Identification
- Summary
Doconexent is an omega 3 fatty acid used in a variety of nutritional supplements to support central nervous system and cardiovascular health.
- Brand Names
- Animi-3 With Vitamin D, Citranatal Harmony
- Generic Name
- Doconexent
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB03756
- Background
A mixture of fish oil and primrose oil, doconexent is used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement. DHA is a 22 carbon chain with 6 cis double bonds with anti-inflammatory effects. It can be biosythesized from alpha-linolenic acid or commercially manufactured from microalgae. It is an omega-3 fatty acid and primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina thus plays an important role in their development and function. The amino-phospholipid DHA is found at a high concentration across several brain subcellular fractions, including nerve terminals, microsomes, synaptic vesicles, and synaptosomal plasma membranes 10.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Doconexent (DB03756)
- Weight
- Average: 328.4883
Monoisotopic: 328.240230268 - Chemical Formula
- C22H32O2
- Synonyms
- (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-Docosahexaenoic acid
- 22:6-4, 7,10,13,16,19
- 22:6(n-3)
- 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid
- all-cis-4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid
- all-cis-DHA
- cervonic acid
- DHA
- Doconexent
- docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid
- Docosahexaenoic acid
- Docosahexanoic Acid
Pharmacology
- Indication
Used as a high-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) oral supplement.
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Used in combination to treat Fredrickson classification type iv hyperlipidemia Combination Product in combination with: Icosapent ethyl (DB08887) •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• •• •••• ••••••• Used as adjunct in combination to treat Fredrickson type iib hyperlipidemia Combination Product in combination with: Icosapent ethyl (DB08887) •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••• •• ••••• •••••••••• •••••••••••• ••••••• •••• ••••••• ••••• ••••••• Used as adjunct in combination to treat Type iii hyperlipidaemia Combination Product in combination with: Icosapent ethyl (DB08887) •••••••••••• •••••••••• •••••••••••• ••••••• •••• ••••••• •••••• •••••••••• •••••••• •• •••• ••••••• - Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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DHA in the central nervous system is found in the phospholipid bilayers where it modulates the physical environment and increase the free volume within the membrane bilayer. It influences the G-protein coupled receptor activity and affects transmembrane transport and cell interaction with the exterior world. It is also reported to promote apoptosis, neuronal differentiation and ion channel activity. Like other polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA acts as a ligand at PPARs that plays an anti-inflammatory effect and regulate inflammatory gene expression and NFκB activation. DHA also gives rise to resolvins and related compounds (e.g., protectins) through pathways involving cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes to resolve the inflammatory responses.
- Mechanism of action
DHA and its conversion to other lipid signalling moleccules compete with the arachidonic acid cascade from endogenous phospholipids and shift the inflammatory state to being more anti-inflammatory. DHA inhibits endotoxin-stimulated production of IL-6 and IL-8 in human endothelial cells. Derivatives of DHA are anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Lipid mediators resolvin D1 and protectin D1 all inhibit transendothelial migration of neutrophils, so preventing neutrophilic infiltration at sites of inflammation, resolvin D1 inhibits IL-1β production, and protectin D1 inhibits TNF and IL-1β production 1. Monoxydroxy derivative of DHA converted by LOX inhibit thromboxane-induced platelet aggregation. DHA supplementation has also shown to reduce the levels of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and other circulating markers of inflammation such as neutrophils in hypertriglyceridemic men 12. DHA acts as a ligand at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and alpha that regulate lipid signalling molecule-mediated transduction pathways and modulate inflammation. As a natural ligand, DHA induces a protective effect in retinal tissues by activating retinoid x receptors and subsequent ERK/MAPK signaling pathway in photoreceptors to promote their survival and differentiation, stimulating the expression of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential 14.
Target Actions Organism APeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activatorHumans AProstaglandin G/H synthase 1 inhibitorHumans AProstaglandin G/H synthase 2 inhibitorHumans APeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activatorHumans ARetinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha activatorHumans ARetinoic acid receptor RXR-beta activatorHumans ARetinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma activatorHumans USterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 inhibitorHumans UMyc proto-oncogene protein inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Like other omega-3 fatty acids, DHA is hydrolyzed from the intestines and delivered through the lymphatic circulation. Plasma DHA concentrations increase in a dose-dependent and saturable manner.
- Volume of distribution
DHA is the most abundant n−3 fatty acid in membranes and is present in all organs. It is also the most variable among organs and is particularly abundant in neural tissue, such as brain and retina, where it is several hundred-fold more abundant than EPA 13.
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
DHA can be metabolized into DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), DHA epoxides, electrophilic oxo-derivatives (EFOX) of DHA, neuroprostanes, ethanolamines, acylglycerols, docosahexaenoyl amides of amino acids or neurotransmitters, and branched DHA esters of hydroxy fatty acids, among others. It is converted to 17-hydroperoxy-DHA derivatives via COX-2 and 15-LOX and 5-LOX activity. These derivatives are further converted into D-series resolvins and protectins with potent anti-inflammatory potential and potent neuroprotective effect 3. DHA may also be metabolized to 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) and isomers via CYP2C9 activity. Epoxy metabolites are reported to mediate anti-tumor activity by inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis.
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- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Approximately 20 hours 9.
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Oral LD50 value in rats is 7,060 mg/kg and 3,450 mg/kg in mouse. Adverse effects include anemia, cough, CNS depression, drowsiness, headache, heart damage, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), liver damage, narcosis, reproductive effects and teratogenic effects.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbatacept The metabolism of Doconexent can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abrocitinib The metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Doconexent. Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Doconexent. Acetohexamide The metabolism of Acetohexamide can be decreased when combined with Doconexent. Acetyl sulfisoxazole The metabolism of Doconexent can be decreased when combined with Acetyl sulfisoxazole. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Doconexent sodium 295P7EPT4C 81926-93-4 SNNDEWVSGZRIFE-FPYKSTABSA-M - Product Images
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image GNC GOLDMINDS DHA 200 Capsule, liquid filled 200 mg Oral GNC LIVEWELL MALAYSIA SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia 
Nn DHA Chewable Tablets Tablet 300 mg Oral HERBAL SCIENCE SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 2022-04-03 Malaysia - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image APPETON MULTIVITAMIN HI-Q TAURINE WITH DHA TABLET Doconexent (5 mg) + Ascorbic acid (50 mg) + Cholecalciferol (100 IU) + Cyanocobalamin (2 mcg) + Folic acid (0.25 mg) + Nicotinamide (2.5 mg) + Pyridoxine (0.25 mg) + Riboflavin (0.25 mg) + Taurine (50 mg) + Thiamine (0.25 mg) + Vitamin A (1500 IU) + Vitamin E (10 IU) Tablet, chewable Oral KOTRA PHARMA (M) SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia ASPEN NUTRITION PRO OMEGA 3 Doconexent (250 mg) + Icosapent (500 mg) Capsule Oral ASPEN SARL SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia COLD WATER OMEGA-3 Salmon Oil 1000mg Softgel Doconexent (110 mg) + Icosapent (90 mg) Capsule, gelatin coated Oral NEWAGE SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia Ganilia Soft Gel Doconexent (150 mg) + Calcium ascorbate (63.9 mg) + Calcium carbonate (175 mg) + Cholecalciferol (100 IU) + Cyanocobalamin (1.56 mcg) + Folic acid (0.2 mg) + Icosapent (21 mg) + Iron (14.25 mg) + Nicotinamide (8.35 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (3.003 mg) + Potassium Iodide (75 mcg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1.276 mg) + Riboflavin (1.05 mg) + Thiamine (1.05 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (0.5227 mg) Gel Oral MEDERIS SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia GESTAVIT DHA Doconexent (350 mg) + Calcium carbonate (312.5 mg) + Cholecalciferol (0.4 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (2.2 mg) + Folic acid (0.6 mg) + Iron (150 mg) + Nicotinamide (17 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (4 mg) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg) + Sodium ascorbate (78.7333 mg) + Thiamine mononitrate (3 mg) + Vitamin A palmitate (1.5671 mg) + Vitamin E (10 mg) + Zinc oxide (18.671 mg) Capsule, delayed release Oral PROCAPS S.A. 2010-03-24 2015-07-02 Colombia 
- Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Active OB Doconexent (320 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (30 ug/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (2 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (30 mg/1) Capsule, liquid filled Oral Gm Pharmaceuticals 2013-10-28 2017-03-31 US 
Animi-3 Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (1000 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (500 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (35 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12.5 mg/1) + Soy sterol (200 mg/1) Capsule Oral Pbm Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2011-06-01 Not applicable US Animi-3 with Vitamin D Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (1000 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (500 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (35 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12.5 mg/1) + Soy sterol (200 mg/1) Capsule Oral Pbm Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2011-06-01 Not applicable US BP Vit 3 Doconexent (350 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (500 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (35 mg/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12.5 mg/1) + beta-Sitosterol (200 mg/1) Capsule, coated Oral Acella Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2009-04-17 Not applicable US Cavan Folate DHA Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (70 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (70 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2700 [iU]/1) + Beta carotene (2700 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (100 mg/1) + Calcium carbonate (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Ferrous fumarate (65 mg/1) + Ferrous fumarate (65 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (18 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (18 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.8 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.8 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.6 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.6 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-06-04 2012-03-31 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Dietary Fats
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
- Fats
- Fatty Acids
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
- Fish Oils
- Lipids
- Oils
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as very long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains at least 22 carbon atoms.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Lipids and lipid-like molecules
- Class
- Fatty Acyls
- Sub Class
- Fatty acids and conjugates
- Direct Parent
- Very long-chain fatty acids
- Alternative Parents
- Unsaturated fatty acids / Straight chain fatty acids / Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids / Organic oxides / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Carbonyl compounds
- Substituents
- Aliphatic acyclic compound / Carbonyl group / Carboxylic acid / Carboxylic acid derivative / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives / Organic oxide / Organic oxygen compound / Organooxygen compound / Straight chain fatty acid
- Molecular Framework
- Aliphatic acyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (CHEBI:28125) / Unsaturated fatty acids, Docosanoids, Polyunsaturated fatty acids (C06429) / Unsaturated fatty acids (LMFA01030185)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- ZAD9OKH9JC
- CAS number
- 6217-54-5
- InChI Key
- MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C22H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-22(23)24/h3-4,6-7,9-10,12-13,15-16,18-19H,2,5,8,11,14,17,20-21H2,1H3,(H,23,24)/b4-3-,7-6-,10-9-,13-12-,16-15-,19-18-
- IUPAC Name
- (4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid
- SMILES
- CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCC(O)=O
References
- General References
- Calder PC: Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes. Nutrients. 2010 Mar;2(3):355-74. doi: 10.3390/nu2030355. Epub 2010 Mar 18. [Article]
- Kim HY: Novel metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid in neural cells. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 29;282(26):18661-5. Epub 2007 May 8. [Article]
- Picq M, Chen P, Perez M, Michaud M, Vericel E, Guichardant M, Lagarde M: DHA metabolism: targeting the brain and lipoxygenation. Mol Neurobiol. 2010 Aug;42(1):48-51. doi: 10.1007/s12035-010-8131-7. Epub 2010 Apr 28. [Article]
- Butovich IA, Lukyanova SM, Bachmann C: Dihydroxydocosahexaenoic acids of the neuroprotectin D family: synthesis, structure, and inhibition of human 5-lipoxygenase. J Lipid Res. 2006 Nov;47(11):2462-74. Epub 2006 Aug 9. [Article]
- Serhan CN, Gotlinger K, Hong S, Lu Y, Siegelman J, Baer T, Yang R, Colgan SP, Petasis NA: Anti-inflammatory actions of neuroprotectin D1/protectin D1 and its natural stereoisomers: assignments of dihydroxy-containing docosatrienes. J Immunol. 2006 Feb 1;176(3):1848-59. [Article]
- Mas E, Croft KD, Zahra P, Barden A, Mori TA: Resolvins D1, D2, and other mediators of self-limited resolution of inflammation in human blood following n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Clin Chem. 2012 Oct;58(10):1476-84. Epub 2012 Aug 21. [Article]
- Chen CT, Kitson AP, Hopperton KE, Domenichiello AF, Trepanier MO, Lin LE, Ermini L, Post M, Thies F, Bazinet RP: Plasma non-esterified docosahexaenoic acid is the major pool supplying the brain. Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 29;5:15791. doi: 10.1038/srep15791. [Article]
- Pawlosky RJ, Hibbeln JR, Novotny JA, Salem N Jr: Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans. J Lipid Res. 2001 Aug;42(8):1257-65. [Article]
- Pawlosky RJ, Hibbeln JR, Salem N Jr: Compartmental analyses of plasma n-3 essential fatty acids among male and female smokers and nonsmokers. J Lipid Res. 2007 Apr;48(4):935-43. Epub 2007 Jan 17. [Article]
- Cederholm T, Salem N Jr, Palmblad J: omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of cognitive decline in humans. Adv Nutr. 2013 Nov 6;4(6):672-6. doi: 10.3945/an.113.004556. eCollection 2013 Nov. [Article]
- Guesnet P, Alessandri JM: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the developing central nervous system (CNS) - Implications for dietary recommendations. Biochimie. 2011 Jan;93(1):7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.05.005. Epub 2010 May 15. [Article]
- Kelley DS, Siegel D, Fedor DM, Adkins Y, Mackey BE: DHA supplementation decreases serum C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in hypertriglyceridemic men. J Nutr. 2009 Mar;139(3):495-501. doi: 10.3945/jn.108.100354. Epub 2009 Jan 21. [Article]
- Arterburn LM, Hall EB, Oken H: Distribution, interconversion, and dose response of n-3 fatty acids in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jun;83(6 Suppl):1467S-1476S. [Article]
- German OL, Monaco S, Agnolazza DL, Rotstein NP, Politi LE: Retinoid X receptor activation is essential for docosahexaenoic acid protection of retina photoreceptors. J Lipid Res. 2013 Aug;54(8):2236-46. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M039040. Epub 2013 May 30. [Article]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0002183
- KEGG Compound
- C06429
- PubChem Compound
- 445580
- PubChem Substance
- 46506213
- ChemSpider
- 393183
- BindingDB
- 50210259
- 1006469
- ChEBI
- 28125
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL367149
- ZINC
- ZINC000004474564
- PDBe Ligand
- HXA
- Wikipedia
- Docosahexaenoic_acid
- PDB Entries
- 1fdq / 1mv9 / 2byo / 2g7z / 2vv0 / 3hs7 / 5j0z / 5y5c / 7wkb / 8eit … show 5 more
- MSDS
- Download (28.4 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample data4 Completed Treatment Barrett's Esophagus / Obesity 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Treatment Development, Child / Premature Births 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Treatment Obesity, Morbid 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Treatment Ocular Surface Disease 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Unknown Status Treatment Arrhythmia / Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule Oral Tablet, coated Oral Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tablet Oral Gel Oral Capsule, delayed release Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral 200 mg Emulsion Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Capsule, coated Oral Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tablet Oral Tablet Oral 300 mg Capsule, liquid filled Oral Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tablet, film coated Oral Emulsion Parenteral Injection, emulsion Intravenous Capsule, liquid filled Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Tablet Oral Capsule; kit; tablet, coated Oral Capsule, coated Oral Capsule; kit; tablet, film coated Oral Capsule, liquid filled; kit Oral Tablet, chewable Oral Emulsion Oral Kit Oral - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Liquid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.000186 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 6.83 ALOGPS logP 6.75 Chemaxon logS -6.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.89 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 37.3 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 14 Chemaxon Refractivity 111.39 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 38.47 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 0 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9944 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9277 Caco-2 permeable + 0.7696 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.7069 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9369 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9152 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9399 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.8035 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9101 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.7197 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.6216 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9094 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.964 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9717 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.944 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9588 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.8998 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.627 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.8443 Rat acute toxicity 1.4856 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.873 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.9343
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 238.0743914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 238.1231914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 238.0391914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 238.8162914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 191.85579 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M-H]- 238.0743914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 238.1231914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 238.0391914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 238.8162914 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 191.85579 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 194.21379 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 194.21379 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 201.32823 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 201.32823 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as a transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and is antagonized by NR2C2. May be required for the propagation of clock information to metabolic pathways regulated by PER2
- Specific Function
- Dna binding
- Gene Name
- PPARA
- Uniprot ID
- Q07869
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 52224.595 Da
References
- Liu M, Montgomery MK, Fiveash CE, Osborne B, Cooney GJ, Bell-Anderson K, Turner N: PPARalpha-independent actions of omega-3 PUFAs contribute to their beneficial effects on adiposity and glucose homeostasis. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 2;4:5538. doi: 10.1038/srep05538. [Article]
- Rudkowska I, Garenc C, Couture P, Vohl MC: Omega-3 fatty acids regulate gene expression levels differently in subjects carrying the PPARalpha L162V polymorphism. Genes Nutr. 2009 Sep;4(3):199-205. doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0129-2. Epub 2009 Jul 8. [Article]
- Ji HG, Piao JY, Kim SJ, Kim DH, Lee HN, Na HK, Surh YJ: Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced STAT3 phosphorylation through activation of PPARgamma. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Jun;60(6):1448-57. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600009. Epub 2016 May 9. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase that plays an important role in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response. The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes. This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:7947975). Involved in the constitutive production of prostanoids in particular in the stomach and platelets. In gastric epithelial cells, it is a key step in the generation of prostaglandins, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays an important role in cytoprotection. In platelets, it is involved in the generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which promotes platelet activation and aggregation, vasoconstriction and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (Probable). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Heme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS1
- Uniprot ID
- P23219
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
- Molecular Weight
- 68685.82 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:19540099, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated pro-inflammatory responses. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiovascular circadian rhythms by regulating the transcription of BMAL1 in the blood vessels (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Alpha-actinin binding
- Gene Name
- PPARG
- Uniprot ID
- P37231
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 57619.58 Da
References
- Varga T, Czimmerer Z, Nagy L: PPARs are a unique set of fatty acid regulated transcription factors controlling both lipid metabolism and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Aug;1812(8):1007-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.02.014. Epub 2011 Mar 5. [Article]
- Edwards IJ, O'Flaherty JT: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and PPARgamma in Cancer. PPAR Res. 2008;2008:358052. doi: 10.1155/2008/358052. [Article]
- Ji HG, Piao JY, Kim SJ, Kim DH, Lee HN, Na HK, Surh YJ: Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced STAT3 phosphorylation through activation of PPARgamma. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Jun;60(6):1448-57. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600009. Epub 2016 May 9. [Article]
- Li H, Ruan XZ, Powis SH, Fernando R, Mon WY, Wheeler DC, Moorhead JF, Varghese Z: EPA and DHA reduce LPS-induced inflammation responses in HK-2 cells: evidence for a PPAR-gamma-dependent mechanism. Kidney Int. 2005 Mar;67(3):867-74. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Receptor for retinoic acid that acts as a transcription factor (PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:37478846). Forms homo- or heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and binds to target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, to regulate gene expression in various biological processes (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:16107141, PubMed:17761950, PubMed:18800767, PubMed:19167885, PubMed:28167758, PubMed:37478846). The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 to regulate transcription (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11162439, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:17761950, PubMed:28167758). The high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptors (RXRs) is 9-cis retinoic acid (PubMed:1310260). In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcriptional suppression (PubMed:20215566). On ligand binding, the corepressors dissociate from the receptors and coactivators are recruited leading to transcriptional activation (PubMed:20215566, PubMed:37478846, PubMed:9267036). Serves as a common heterodimeric partner for a number of nuclear receptors, such as RARA, RARB and PPARA (PubMed:10195690, PubMed:11915042, PubMed:28167758, PubMed:29021580). The RXRA/RARB heterodimer can act as a transcriptional repressor or transcriptional activator, depending on the RARE DNA element context (PubMed:29021580). The RXRA/PPARA heterodimer is required for PPARA transcriptional activity on fatty acid oxidation genes such as ACOX1 and the P450 system genes (PubMed:10195690). Together with RARA, positively regulates microRNA-10a expression, thereby inhibiting the GATA6/VCAM1 signaling response to pulsatile shear stress in vascular endothelial cells (PubMed:28167758). Acts as an enhancer of RARA binding to RARE DNA element (PubMed:28167758). May facilitate the nuclear import of heterodimerization partners such as VDR and NR4A1 (PubMed:12145331, PubMed:15509776). Promotes myelin debris phagocytosis and remyelination by macrophages (PubMed:26463675). Plays a role in the attenuation of the innate immune system in response to viral infections, possibly by negatively regulating the transcription of antiviral genes such as type I IFN genes (PubMed:25417649). Involved in the regulation of calcium signaling by repressing ITPR2 gene expression, thereby controlling cellular senescence (PubMed:30216632)
- Specific Function
- Dna binding domain binding
- Gene Name
- RXRA
- Uniprot ID
- P19793
- Uniprot Name
- Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 50810.835 Da
References
- German OL, Monaco S, Agnolazza DL, Rotstein NP, Politi LE: Retinoid X receptor activation is essential for docosahexaenoic acid protection of retina photoreceptors. J Lipid Res. 2013 Aug;54(8):2236-46. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M039040. Epub 2013 May 30. [Article]
- de Urquiza AM, Liu S, Sjoberg M, Zetterstrom RH, Griffiths W, Sjovall J, Perlmann T: Docosahexaenoic acid, a ligand for the retinoid X receptor in mouse brain. Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2140-4. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE)
- Specific Function
- Dna-binding transcription activator activity, rna polymerase ii-specific
- Gene Name
- RXRB
- Uniprot ID
- P28702
- Uniprot Name
- Retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta
- Molecular Weight
- 56921.38 Da
References
- German OL, Monaco S, Agnolazza DL, Rotstein NP, Politi LE: Retinoid X receptor activation is essential for docosahexaenoic acid protection of retina photoreceptors. J Lipid Res. 2013 Aug;54(8):2236-46. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M039040. Epub 2013 May 30. [Article]
- de Urquiza AM, Liu S, Sjoberg M, Zetterstrom RH, Griffiths W, Sjovall J, Perlmann T: Docosahexaenoic acid, a ligand for the retinoid X receptor in mouse brain. Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2140-4. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Dna-binding transcription factor activity, rna polymerase ii-specific
- Gene Name
- RXRG
- Uniprot ID
- P48443
- Uniprot Name
- Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 50870.72 Da
References
- German OL, Monaco S, Agnolazza DL, Rotstein NP, Politi LE: Retinoid X receptor activation is essential for docosahexaenoic acid protection of retina photoreceptors. J Lipid Res. 2013 Aug;54(8):2236-46. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M039040. Epub 2013 May 30. [Article]
- de Urquiza AM, Liu S, Sjoberg M, Zetterstrom RH, Griffiths W, Sjovall J, Perlmann T: Docosahexaenoic acid, a ligand for the retinoid X receptor in mouse brain. Science. 2000 Dec 15;290(5499):2140-4. [Article]
- Wietrzych-Schindler M, Szyszka-Niagolov M, Ohta K, Endo Y, Perez E, de Lera AR, Chambon P, Krezel W: Retinoid x receptor gamma is implicated in docosahexaenoic acid modulation of despair behaviors and working memory in mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2011 Apr 15;69(8):788-94. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.12.017. Epub 2011 Feb 21. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Precursor of the transcription factor form (Processed sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1), which is embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (PubMed:32322062). Low sterol concentrations promote processing of this form, releasing the transcription factor form that translocates into the nucleus and activates transcription of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid homeostasis (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- Chromatin binding
- Gene Name
- SREBF1
- Uniprot ID
- P36956
- Uniprot Name
- Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 121673.6 Da
References
- Patterson E, Wall R, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C: Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated Fatty acids. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:539426. doi: 10.1155/2012/539426. Epub 2012 Apr 5. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3' (PubMed:24940000, PubMed:25956029). Activates the transcription of growth-related genes (PubMed:24940000, PubMed:25956029). Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis (PubMed:24940000, PubMed:25956029). Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (By similarity). Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release (By similarity). Positively regulates transcription of HNRNPA1, HNRNPA2 and PTBP1 which in turn regulate splicing of pyruvate kinase PKM by binding repressively to sequences flanking PKM exon 9, inhibiting exon 9 inclusion and resulting in exon 10 inclusion and production of the PKM M2 isoform (PubMed:20010808)
- Specific Function
- Core promoter sequence-specific dna binding
- Gene Name
- MYC
- Uniprot ID
- P01106
- Uniprot Name
- Myc proto-oncogene protein
- Molecular Weight
- 50564.535 Da
References
- Ji HG, Piao JY, Kim SJ, Kim DH, Lee HN, Na HK, Surh YJ: Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced STAT3 phosphorylation through activation of PPARgamma. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016 Jun;60(6):1448-57. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201600009. Epub 2016 May 9. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Exhibits low catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan (PubMed:25994031)
- Specific Function
- (r)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Yao HT, Chang YW, Lan SJ, Chen CT, Hsu JT, Yeh TK: The inhibitory effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on human CYP enzymes. Life Sci. 2006 Nov 25;79(26):2432-40. Epub 2006 Aug 23. [Article]
- Westphal C, Konkel A, Schunck WH: CYP-eicosanoids--a new link between omega-3 fatty acids and cardiac disease? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2011 Nov;96(1-4):99-108. doi: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.09.001. Epub 2011 Sep 16. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at August 26, 2024 19:21