Cytochrome P450 2A6

Details

Name
Cytochrome P450 2A6
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase
  • 1.14.14.-
  • Coumarin 7-hydroxylase
  • CYP2A3
  • CYPIIA6
  • Cytochrome P450 IIA3
  • Cytochrome P450(I)
Gene Name
CYP2A6
UniProtKB Entry
P11509Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0055966|Cytochrome P450 2A6
MLASGMLLVALLVCLTVMVLMSVWQQRKSKGKLPPGPTPLPFIGNYLQLNTEQMYNSLMK
ISERYGPVFTIHLGPRRVVVLCGHDAVREALVDQAEEFSGRGEQATFDWVFKGYGVVFSN
GERAKQLRRFSIATLRDFGVGKRGIEERIQEEAGFLIDALRGTGGANIDPTFFLSRTVSN
VISSIVFGDRFDYKDKEFLSLLRMMLGIFQFTSTSTGQLYEMFSSVMKHLPGPQQQAFQL
LQGLEDFIAKKVEHNQRTLDPNSPRDFIDSFLIRMQEEEKNPNTEFYLKNLVMTTLNLFI
GGTETVSTTLRYGFLLLMKHPEVEAKVHEEIDRVIGKNRQPKFEDRAKMPYMEAVIHEIQ
RFGDVIPMSLARRVKKDTKFRDFFLPKGTEVYPMLGSVLRDPSFFSNPQDFNPQHFLNEK
GQFKKSDAFVPFSIGKRNCFGEGLARMELFLFFTTVMQNFRLKSSQSPKDIDVSPKHVGF
ATIPRNYTMSFLPR
Number of residues
494
Molecular Weight
56517.005
Theoretical pI
9.69
GO Classification
Functions
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity / coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity / enzyme binding / heme binding / iron ion binding / oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Processes
coumarin catabolic process / coumarin metabolic process / epoxygenase P450 pathway / steroid metabolic process / xenobiotic metabolic process
Components
cytoplasm / cytoplasmic microtubule / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
General Function
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity
Specific Function
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021356|Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6)
ATGCTGGCCTCAGGGATGCTTCTGGTGGCCTTGCTGGTCTGCCTGACTGTAATGGTCTTG
ATGTCTGTTTGGCAGCAGAGGAAGAGCAAGGGGAAGCTGCCTCCGGGACCCACCCCATTG
CCCTTCATTGGAAACTACCTGCAGCTGAACACAGAGCAGATGTACAACTCCCTCATGAAG
ATCAGTGAGCGCTATGGCCCCGTGTTCACCATTCACTTGGGGCCCCGGCGGGTCGTGGTG
CTGTGTGGACATGATGCCGTCAGGGAGGCTCTGGTGGACCAGGCTGAGGAGTTCAGCGGG
CGAGGCGAGCAAGCCACCTTCGACTGGGTCTTCAAAGGCTATGGCGTGGTATTCAGCAAC
GGGGAGCGCGCCAAGCAGCTCCGGCGCTTCTCCATCGCCACCCTGCGGGACTTCGGGGTG
GGCAAGCGAGGCATCGAGGAGCGCATCCAGGAGGAGGCGGGCTTCCTCATCGACGCCCTC
CGGGGCACTGGCGGCGCCAATATCGATCCCACCTTCTTCCTGAGCCGCACAGTCTCCAAT
GTCATCAGCTCCATTGTCTTTGGGGACCGCTTTGACTATAAGGACAAAGAGTTCCTGTCA
CTGTTGCGCATGATGCTAGGAATCTTCCAGTTCACGTCAACCTCCACGGGGCAGCTCTAT
GAGATGTTCTCTTCGGTGATGAAACACCTGCCAGGACCACAGCAACAGGCCTTTCAGTTG
CTGCAAGGGCTGGAGGACTTCATAGCCAAGAAGGTGGAGCACAACCAGCGCACGCTGGAT
CCCAATTCCCCACGGGACTTCATTGACTCCTTTCTCATCCGCATGCAGGAGGAGGAGAAG
AACCCCAACACGGAGTTCTACTTGAAAAACCTGGTGATGACCACGTTGAACCTCTTCATT
GGGGGCACCGAGACCGTCAGCACCACCCTGCGCTATGGCTTCTTGCTGCTCATGAAGCAC
CCAGAGGTGGAGGCCAAGGTCCATGAGGAGATTGACAGAGTGATCGGCAAGAACCGGCAG
CCCAAGTTTGAGGACCGGGCCAAGATGCCCTACATGGAGGCAGTGATCCACGAGATCCAA
AGATTTGGAGACGTGATCCCCATGAGTTTGGCCCGCAGAGTCAAAAAGGACACCAAGTTT
CGGGATTTCTTCCTCCCTAAGGGCACCGAAGTGTACCCTATGCTGGGCTCTGTGCTGAGA
GACCCCAGTTTCTTCTCCAACCCCCAGGACTTCAATCCCCAGCACTTCCTGAATGAGAAG
GGGCAGTTTAAGAAGAGTGATGCTTTTGTGCCCTTTTCCATCGGAAAGCGGAACTGTTTC
GGAGAAGGCCTGGCCAGAATGGAGCTCTTTCTCTTCTTCACCACCGTCATGCAGAACTTC
CGCCTCAAGTCCTCCCAGTCACCTAAGGACATTGACGTGTCCCCCAAACACGTGGGCTTT
GCCACGATCCCACGAAACTACACCATGAGCTTCCTGCCCCGCTGA
Chromosome Location
19
Locus
19q13.2
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP11509
UniProtKB Entry NameCP2A6_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDX13897
GeneCard IDCYP2A6
GenAtlas IDCYP2A6
HGNC IDHGNC:2610
PDB ID(s)1Z10, 1Z11, 2FDU, 2FDV, 2FDW, 2FDY, 3EBS, 3T3Q, 3T3R, 4EJJ, 4RUI
KEGG IDhsa:1548
IUPHAR/Guide To Pharmacology ID1321
NCBI Gene ID1548
General References
  1. Miles JS, Bickmore W, Brook JD, McLaren AW, Meehan R, Wolf CR: Close linkage of the human cytochrome P450IIA and P450IIB gene subfamilies: implications for the assignment of substrate specificity. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 25;17(8):2907-17. [Article]
  2. Yamano S, Nagata K, Yamazoe Y, Kato R, Gelboin HV, Gonzalez FJ: cDNA and deduced amino acid sequences of human P450 IIA3 (CYP2A3). Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Jun 26;17(12):4888. [Article]
  3. Yamano S, Tatsuno J, Gonzalez FJ: The CYP2A3 gene product catalyzes coumarin 7-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. Biochemistry. 1990 Feb 6;29(5):1322-9. [Article]
  4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  5. Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, Terry A, Schmutz J, Lamerdin J, Hellsten U, Goodstein D, Couronne O, Tran-Gyamfi M, Aerts A, Altherr M, Ashworth L, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caenepeel S, Carrano A, Caoile C, Chan YM, Christensen M, Cleland CA, Copeland A, Dalin E, Dehal P, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Garcia C, Georgescu AM, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Ho I, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Larionov V, Leem SH, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Malfatti S, Martinez D, McCready P, Medina C, Morgan J, Nelson K, Nolan M, Ovcharenko I, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Popkie AP, Predki P, Quan G, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, She X, Smith D, Slezak T, Solovyev V, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wagner M, Wheeler J, Wu K, Xie G, Yang J, Dubchak I, Furey TS, DeJong P, Dickson M, Gordon D, Eichler EE, Pennacchio LA, Richardson P, Stubbs L, Rokhsar DS, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Lucas SM: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):529-35. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Maurice M, Emiliani S, Dalet-Beluche I, Derancourt J, Lange R: Isolation and characterization of a cytochrome P450 of the IIA subfamily from human liver microsomes. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Sep 1;200(2):511-7. [Article]
  8. Yun CH, Shimada T, Guengerich FP: Purification and characterization of human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 2A6. Mol Pharmacol. 1991 Nov;40(5):679-85. [Article]
  9. Kitagawa K, Kunugita N, Kitagawa M, Kawamoto T: CYP2A6*6, a novel polymorphism in cytochrome p450 2A6, has a single amino acid substitution (R128Q) that inactivates enzymatic activity. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 25;276(21):17830-5. Epub 2001 Feb 16. [Article]
  10. Phillips IR, Shephard EA, Ashworth A, Rabin BR: Isolation and sequence of a human cytochrome P-450 cDNA clone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):983-7. [Article]
  11. Miyazawa M, Shindo M, Shimada T: Roles of cytochrome P450 3A enzymes in the 2-hydroxylation of 1,4-cineole, a monoterpene cyclic ether, by rat and human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 2001 Oct;31(10):713-23. [Article]
  12. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  13. Yano JK, Hsu MH, Griffin KJ, Stout CD, Johnson EF: Structures of human microsomal cytochrome P450 2A6 complexed with coumarin and methoxsalen. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2005 Sep;12(9):822-3. Epub 2005 Aug 7. [Article]
  14. Yano JK, Denton TT, Cerny MA, Zhang X, Johnson EF, Cashman JR: Synthetic inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 2A6: inhibitory activity, difference spectra, mechanism of inhibition, and protein cocrystallization. J Med Chem. 2006 Nov 30;49(24):6987-7001. [Article]
  15. DeVore NM, Smith BD, Urban MJ, Scott EE: Key residues controlling phenacetin metabolism by human cytochrome P450 2A enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Dec;36(12):2582-90. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.023770. Epub 2008 Sep 8. [Article]
  16. Hadidi H, Zahlsen K, Idle JR, Cholerton S: A single amino acid substitution (Leu160His) in cytochrome P450 CYP2A6 causes switching from 7-hydroxylation to 3-hydroxylation of coumarin. Food Chem Toxicol. 1997 Sep;35(9):903-7. [Article]
  17. Oscarson M, McLellan RA, Gullsten H, Agundez JA, Benitez J, Rautio A, Raunio H, Pelkonen O, Ingelman-Sundberg M: Identification and characterisation of novel polymorphisms in the CYP2A locus: implications for nicotine metabolism. FEBS Lett. 1999 Oct 29;460(2):321-7. [Article]
  18. Ariyoshi N, Sawamura Y, Kamataki T: A novel single nucleotide polymorphism altering stability and activity of CYP2a6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Mar 2;281(3):810-4. [Article]
  19. Kiyotani K, Fujieda M, Yamazaki H, Shimada T, Guengerich FP, Parkinson A, Nakagawa K, Ishizaki T, Kamataki T: Twenty one novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CYP2A6 gene in Japanese and Caucasians. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2002;17(5):482-7. [Article]
  20. Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, Kawauchi S, Higuchi S, Ogawa C, Nakamura Y: Catalog of 680 variations among eight cytochrome p450 ( CYP) genes, nine esterase genes, and two other genes in the Japanese population. J Hum Genet. 2003;48(5):249-70. Epub 2003 Apr 29. [Article]
  21. Solus JF, Arietta BJ, Harris JR, Sexton DP, Steward JQ, McMunn C, Ihrie P, Mehall JM, Edwards TL, Dawson EP: Genetic variation in eleven phase I drug metabolism genes in an ethnically diverse population. Pharmacogenomics. 2004 Oct;5(7):895-931. [Article]
  22. Mwenifumbo JC, Al Koudsi N, Ho MK, Zhou Q, Hoffmann EB, Sellers EM, Tyndale RF: Novel and established CYP2A6 alleles impair in vivo nicotine metabolism in a population of Black African descent. Hum Mutat. 2008 May;29(5):679-88. doi: 10.1002/humu.20698. [Article]
  23. Ho MK, Mwenifumbo JC, Zhao B, Gillam EM, Tyndale RF: A novel CYP2A6 allele, CYP2A6*23, impairs enzyme function in vitro and in vivo and decreases smoking in a population of Black-African descent. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2008 Jan;18(1):67-75. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e3282f3606e. [Article]

Associated Data

Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
CoumarinexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
NicotineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Letrozoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
ChlorzoxazoneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MethoxsalenapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Tranylcypromineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Metyraponeapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Pilocarpineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Halothaneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PlitidepsininvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
NifedipineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Selegilineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
IfosfamideapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Valproic acidapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
NevirapineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Cinnarizineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FlunarizineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MontelukastapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
N,N-DIMETHYL(5-(PYRIDIN-3-YL)FURAN-2-YL)METHANAMINEexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
N-METHYL(5-(PYRIDIN-3-YL)FURAN-2-YL)METHANAMINEexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
(5-(PYRIDIN-3-YL)FURAN-2-YL)METHANAMINEexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
4,4'-DIPYRIDYL DISULFIDEexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
Amphetamineapproved, illicit, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
AzelastineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Cisaprideapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
ClomethiazoleinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Clotrimazoleapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
ClozapineapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Cyclophosphamideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Dexamethasoneapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Eletriptanapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Flunitrazepamapproved, illicitunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FluorouracilapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Fomepizoleapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Isoniazidapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ketoconazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Lidocaineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Memantineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Menadioneapproved, nutraceuticalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Methoxyfluraneapproved, investigational, vet_approved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Miconazoleapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Nilvadipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
AcetaminophenapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PhenacetinwithdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Antipyrineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Phenobarbitalapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Progesteroneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
RifampinapprovedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
SeratrodastexperimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Sevofluraneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TamoxifenapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MethimazoleapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
ZidovudineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Flurazepamapproved, illicit, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tretinoinapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Arformoterolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Lorcaserinapproved, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Amiodaroneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Pentobarbitalapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
DapagliflozinapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Vortioxetineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Tegafurapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Tegafur-uracilapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Asunaprevirapproved, investigational, withdrawnnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Artesunateapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Triclabendazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
MetronidazoleapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Apremilastapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FenofibrateapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
NorethisteroneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Prednisoneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisoneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Cenobamateapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
BudesonideapprovedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Methylprednisoloneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Phenytoinapproved, vet_approvednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Formoterolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Betamethasoneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Prednisolone phosphateapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Dexamethasone acetateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Lonafarnibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
EthambutolapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ropeginterferon alfa-2bapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cannabidiolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Dronabinolapproved, illicitnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cannabinolexperimental, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Medical Cannabisexperimental, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Terpinen-4-olinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Elacestrantapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
BrinzolamideapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
MethoxsalenapprovedyestargetbinderDetails