Sertindole

Identification

Summary

Sertindole is an atypical antipsychotic indicated in the treatment of schizophrenia.

Generic Name
Sertindole
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06144
Background

Sertindole, a neuroleptic, is one of the newer antipsychotic medications available. Serdolect is developed by the Danish pharmaceutical company H. Lundbeck. It is a phenylindole derivative used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It was first marketed in 1996 in several European countries before being withdrawn two years later because of numerous cardiac adverse effects. It has once again been approved and should soon be available on the French and Australian market.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn
Structure
Weight
Average: 440.941
Monoisotopic: 440.177917386
Chemical Formula
C24H26ClFN4O
Synonyms
  • 1-[2-[4-[5-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-indol-3-yl]-1-piperidyl]ethyl]imidazolidin-2-one
  • Sertindol
  • Sertindole
  • Sertindolum
External IDs
  • LU-23-174

Pharmacology

Indication

Used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofSchizophrenia••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Sertindole is an atypical antipsychotic at least as effective as haloperidol and risperidone in the treatment of neuroleptic-responsive schizophrenia. Sertindole improves negative symptoms, and is also effective for the treatment of neuroleptic-resistant schizophrenia. Sertindole is generally well tolerated and is associated with a low rate of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

Mechanism of action

Sertindole is an antipsychotic drug with affinity for dopamine D2, serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, and alpha1-adrenoreceptors. Preclinical studies suggest that sertindole acts preferentially on limbic and cortical dopaminergic neurons and clinical trials have confirmed that sertindole is effective at a low dopamine D2 occupancy level.

TargetActionsOrganism
AD(2) dopamine receptor
antagonist
Humans
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
antagonist
Humans
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
antagonist
Humans
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6
antagonist
Humans
UPotassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
inhibitor
Humans
UAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorNot AvailableHumans
UAlpha-1B adrenergic receptorNot AvailableHumans
UAlpha-1D adrenergic receptorNot AvailableHumans
Absorption

Orally available.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Hepatic. Sertindole is metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes CYP 2D6 and CYP 3A4.

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

3 days

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Sertindole is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Sertindole can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Sertindole can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbirateroneThe metabolism of Sertindole can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone.
AcebutololThe metabolism of Sertindole can be decreased when combined with Acebutolol.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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International/Other Brands
Serdolect / SerLect

Categories

ATC Codes
N05AE03 — Sertindole
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrroles. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a pyrrole ring through a CC or CN bond.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Pyrroles
Sub Class
Substituted pyrroles
Direct Parent
Phenylpyrroles
Alternative Parents
3-alkylindoles / Aralkylamines / Fluorobenzenes / Piperidines / Aryl chlorides / Aryl fluorides / Imidazolidinones / Heteroaromatic compounds / Ureas / Trialkylamines
show 7 more
Substituents
1-phenylpyrrole / 3-alkylindole / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenoid
show 24 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organofluorine compound, organochlorine compound, imidazolidinone, heteroarylpiperidine, phenylindole (CHEBI:9122)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
GVV4Z879SP
CAS number
106516-24-9
InChI Key
GZKLJWGUPQBVJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C24H26ClFN4O/c25-18-1-6-23-21(15-18)22(16-30(23)20-4-2-19(26)3-5-20)17-7-10-28(11-8-17)13-14-29-12-9-27-24(29)31/h1-6,15-17H,7-14H2,(H,27,31)
IUPAC Name
1-(2-{4-[5-chloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]piperidin-1-yl}ethyl)imidazolidin-2-one
SMILES
FC1=CC=C(C=C1)N1C=C(C2CCN(CCN3CCNC3=O)CC2)C2=C1C=CC(Cl)=C2

References

General References
  1. Kane JM, Tamminga CA: Sertindole (Serdolect): preclinical and clinical findings of a new atypical antipsychotic. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 1997 Nov;6(11):1729-41. [Article]
  2. Lewis R, Bagnall AM, Leitner M: Sertindole for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD001715. [Article]
  3. Perquin LN: Treatment with the new antipsychotic sertindole for late-occurring undesirable movement effects. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Nov;20(6):335-8. [Article]
  4. Murdoch D, Keating GM: Sertindole : a review of its use in schizophrenia. CNS Drugs. 2006;20(3):233-55. [Article]
  5. Authors unspecified: Sertindole: new drug. Another "atypical" neuroleptic; QT prolongation. Prescrire Int. 2007 Apr;16(88):59-62. [Article]
  6. Lindstrom E, Levander S: Sertindole: efficacy and safety in schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;7(13):1825-34. [Article]
  7. Hertel P: Comparing sertindole to other new generation antipsychotics on preferential dopamine output in limbic versus striatal projection regions: mechanism of action. Synapse. 2006 Dec 1;60(7):543-52. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0015618
KEGG Drug
D00561
KEGG Compound
C07567
PubChem Compound
60149
PubChem Substance
46504717
ChemSpider
54229
BindingDB
50001786
RxNav
41996
ChEBI
9122
ChEMBL
CHEMBL12713
ZINC
ZINC000000538337
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000832
PharmGKB
PA164784002
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
Wikipedia
Sertindole

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCountStart DateWhy Stopped100+ additional columns
Not AvailableCompletedNot AvailableBipolar Disorder (BD)1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedBasic ScienceHealthy Volunteers (HV)1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableCompletedTreatmentSchizophrenia1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableTerminatedBasic ScienceSchizophrenia1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide
Not AvailableTerminatedTreatmentSchizophrenia1somestatusstop reasonjust information to hide

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral12 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral16 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral20 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral4 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00963 mg/mLALOGPS
logP4.29ALOGPS
logP4.15Chemaxon
logS-4.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.33Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.56Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area40.51 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity131.77 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability47.18 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings5Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9781
Caco-2 permeable-0.7081
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.683
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.903
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.7529
Renal organic cation transporterInhibitor0.6044
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7898
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8919
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6803
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.7945
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorInhibitor0.5
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6155
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.624
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.5802
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8995
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6144
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8988
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity2.5452 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Strong inhibitor0.8038
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.9186
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-006x-9316000000-4bb52e2e5e8e2a9184d6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0000900000-fa590c84510d819d3e9c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0000900000-4463fb8c8b26b4443200
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0006-0001900000-9221793e06069e04b8d7
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-007x-4009800000-d6ba1a4b6319f7d6b12a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-05fr-7329200000-e56fdbcf8181a3b932b8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-9017300000-d63e37d77b974967bd97
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-214.0991438
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-200.39662
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+214.3966438
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+202.75462
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+214.4565438
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+209.87285
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Details
1. D(2) dopamine receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:21645528). Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5 (By similarity)
Specific Function
dopamine binding
Gene Name
DRD2
Uniprot ID
P14416
Uniprot Name
D(2) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
50618.91 Da
References
  1. Lindstrom E, Levander S: Sertindole: efficacy and safety in schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;7(13):1825-34. [Article]
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  3. Mork A, Witten LM, Arnt J: Effect of sertindole on extracellular dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex of conscious rats: a comparison with risperidone and exploration of mechanisms involved. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Sep;206(1):39-49. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1578-4. Epub 2009 Jun 9. [Article]
  4. Seeman P: Dopamine D2(High) receptors moderately elevated by sertindole. Synapse. 2008 May;62(5):389-93. doi: 10.1002/syn.20498. [Article]
  5. Cincotta SL, Rodefer JS: Emerging role of sertindole in the management of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2010 Sep 7;6:429-41. [Article]
  6. Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:1330647, PubMed:18703043, PubMed:19057895). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (PubMed:28129538). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors (PubMed:28129538). Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways (PubMed:28129538). Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:28129538). Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood (PubMed:18297054). Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction
Specific Function
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding
Gene Name
HTR2A
Uniprot ID
P28223
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
Molecular Weight
52602.58 Da
References
  1. Lindstrom E, Levander S: Sertindole: efficacy and safety in schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;7(13):1825-34. [Article]
  2. Schreiber R, Brocco M, Millan MJ: Blockade of the discriminative stimulus effects of DOI by MDL 100,907 and the 'atypical' antipsychotics, clozapine and risperidone. Eur J Pharmacol. 1994 Oct 13;264(1):99-102. [Article]
  3. Hietala J, Kuonnamaki M, Palvimaki EP, Laakso A, Majasuo H, Syvalahti E: Sertindole is a serotonin 5-HT2c inverse agonist and decreases agonist but not antagonist binding to 5-HT2c receptors after chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Sep;157(2):180-7. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis
Specific Function
1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding
Gene Name
HTR2C
Uniprot ID
P28335
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
Molecular Weight
51804.645 Da
References
  1. Lindstrom E, Levander S: Sertindole: efficacy and safety in schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;7(13):1825-34. [Article]
  2. Hietala J, Kuonnamaki M, Palvimaki EP, Laakso A, Majasuo H, Syvalahti E: Sertindole is a serotonin 5-HT2c inverse agonist and decreases agonist but not antagonist binding to 5-HT2c receptors after chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Sep;157(2):180-7. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase. It has a high affinity for tricyclic psychotropic drugs (By similarity). Controls pyramidal neurons migration during corticogenesis, through the regulation of CDK5 activity (By similarity). Is an activator of TOR signaling (PubMed:23027611)
Specific Function
G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
Gene Name
HTR6
Uniprot ID
P50406
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6
Molecular Weight
46953.625 Da
References
  1. Pouzet B, Didriksen M, Arnt J: Effects of the 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist, SB-271046, in animal models for schizophrenia. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2002 Apr;71(4):635-43. [Article]
  2. Mork A, Witten LM, Arnt J: Effect of sertindole on extracellular dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex of conscious rats: a comparison with risperidone and exploration of mechanisms involved. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2009 Sep;206(1):39-49. doi: 10.1007/s00213-009-1578-4. Epub 2009 Jun 9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr) (PubMed:18559421, PubMed:26363003, PubMed:27916661)
Specific Function
C3HC4-type RING finger domain binding
Gene Name
KCNH2
Uniprot ID
Q12809
Uniprot Name
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2
Molecular Weight
126653.52 Da
References
  1. Rampe D, Murawsky MK, Grau J, Lewis EW: The antipsychotic agent sertindole is a high affinity antagonist of the human cardiac potassium channel HERG. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Aug;286(2):788-93. [Article]
  2. Kang J, Chen XL, Rampe D: The antipsychotic drugs sertindole and pimozide block erg3, a human brain K(+) channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Aug 24;286(3):499-504. [Article]
  3. Tang W, Kang J, Wu X, Rampe D, Wang L, Shen H, Li Z, Dunnington D, Garyantes T: Development and evaluation of high throughput functional assay methods for HERG potassium channel. J Biomol Screen. 2001 Oct;6(5):325-31. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes
Specific Function
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Gene Name
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID
P35348
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Lindstrom E, Levander S: Sertindole: efficacy and safety in schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;7(13):1825-34. [Article]
  2. Hietala J, Kuonnamaki M, Palvimaki EP, Laakso A, Majasuo H, Syvalahti E: Sertindole is a serotonin 5-HT2c inverse agonist and decreases agonist but not antagonist binding to 5-HT2c receptors after chronic treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Sep;157(2):180-7. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes
Specific Function
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Gene Name
ADRA1B
Uniprot ID
P35368
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
56835.375 Da
References
  1. Lindstrom E, Levander S: Sertindole: efficacy and safety in schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;7(13):1825-34. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium
Specific Function
alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Gene Name
ADRA1D
Uniprot ID
P25100
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
60462.205 Da
References
  1. Lindstrom E, Levander S: Sertindole: efficacy and safety in schizophrenia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 Sep;7(13):1825-34. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, steroids and retinoids (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamide (20-HETE-EA) and 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:21289075). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the oxidative transformations of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal, a precursor for the active form all-trans-retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants
Specific Function
anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Prior TI, Chue PS, Tibbo P, Baker GB: Drug metabolism and atypical antipsychotics. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1999 Jun;9(4):301-9. [Article]
  2. Spina E, de Leon J: Metabolic drug interactions with newer antipsychotics: a comparative review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Jan;100(1):4-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00017.x. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
Specific Function
1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Spina E, de Leon J: Metabolic drug interactions with newer antipsychotics: a comparative review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 Jan;100(1):4-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00017.x. [Article]

Drug created at November 19, 2007 16:49 / Updated at June 12, 2021 10:53