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Identification
- Summary
Doxazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor used to treat mild to moderate hypertension and urinary obstruction due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
- Brand Names
- Cardura
- Generic Name
- Doxazosin
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00590
- Background
Doxazosin is an alpha-1 antagonist used for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) symptoms and hypertension. Other members of this drug class include Prazosin, Terazosin, Tamsulosin, and Alfuzosin.8 Because of its long-lasting effects, doxazosin can be administered once a day.5 It is marketed by Pfizer and was initially approved by the FDA in 1990.20
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Doxazosin (DB00590)
- Weight
- Average: 451.4751
Monoisotopic: 451.185568935 - Chemical Formula
- C23H25N5O5
- Synonyms
- 1-(4-Amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-chinazolinyl)-4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxixin-2-ylcarbonyl)piperazin
- 1-(4-Amino-6,7-Dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylcarbonyl)piperazin
- Doxazosin
- Doxazosina
- Doxazosine
- Doxazosinum
Pharmacology
- Indication
Doxazosin is indicated to treat the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy, which may include urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia, among other symptoms. In addition, doxazosin is indicated alone or in combination with various antihypertensive agents for the management of hypertension.19 Off-label uses of doxazosin include the treatment of pediatric hypertension2 and the treatment of ureteric calculi.3
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Symptomatic treatment of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) •••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• •••••••• ••••••• Treatment of Hypertension •••••••••••• •••••• Treatment of Ureteric calculus ••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Doxazosin decreases standing and supine blood pressure5 and relieves the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy through the inhibition of alpha-1 receptors. Doxazosin may cause hypotension due to its pharmacological actions. This frequently occurs in the upright position, leading to a feeling of dizziness or lightheadedness. The first dose of doxazosin may lead to such effects, however, subsequent doses may also cause them. The risk of these effects is particularly high when dose adjustments occur or there are long intervals between doxazosin doses. Treatment should be started with the 1 mg dose of doxazosin, followed by slow titration to the appropriate dose.19 Patients must be advised of this risk and to avoid situations in which syncope and dizziness could be hazardous following the ingestion of doxazosin.19 Interestingly doxazosin exerts beneficial effects on plasma lipids. It reduces LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increases HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels.5
A note on priapism risk
In rare cases, doxazosin and other alpha-1 blockers may cause priapism, a painful occurrence of persistent and unrelievable penile erection that can lead to impotence if medical attention is not sought as soon as possible. Patients must be advised of the priapism risk associated with doxazosin and to seek medical attention immediately if it is suspected.9,19
- Mechanism of action
Doxazosin selectively inhibits the postsynaptic alpha-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle by nonselectively blocking the alpha-1a, alpha-1b, and alpha-1d subtypes12,13. This action on blood vessels decreases systemic peripheral vascular resistance, reducing blood pressure, exerting minimal effects on the heart rate due to its receptor selectivity.5,10 Norepinephrine-activated alpha-1 receptors located on the prostate gland and bladder neck normally cause contraction of regional muscular tissue, obstructing urinary flow and contributing to the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Alpha-1 antagonism causes smooth muscle relaxation in the prostate and bladder, effectively relieving urinary frequency, urgency, weak urinary stream, and other unpleasant effects of BPH.6 Recently, doxazosin was found to cause apoptosis of hERG potassium channels in an in vitro setting, possibly contributing to a risk of heart failure with doxazosin use.14,15,16
Target Actions Organism AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor antagonistHumans AAlpha-1D adrenergic receptor antagonistHumans UHERG human cardiac K+ channel inhibitorHumans UAlpha-1B adrenergic receptor Not Available Humans - Absorption
Doxazosin is rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and peak concentrations are achieved within 2-3 hours after administration.11 The bioavailability is about 60%-70%.7,19 The intake of food with doxazosin is not expected to cause clinically significant effects.19
- Volume of distribution
The volume of distribution of doxazosin is 1.0-1.9 L/kg.7,11 In a study of radiolabeled doxazosin administered to pregnant rats, doxazosin was found to cross the placenta.19
- Protein binding
The plasma protein binding of doxazosin is estimated at 98%.4,19. It has also been shown to be bound to the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein.18
- Metabolism
Hepatic metabolism of doxazosin produces inactive O-demethylated and C-hydroxylated metabolites. Metabolism occurs via O-demethylation of the quinazoline nucleus of doxazosin or via hydroxylation of its benzodioxan portion.19 The enzymes involved in the metabolism of doxazosin include CYP2C1923, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4, which is the primary metabolizing enzyme.22 Doxazosin itself is considered to be mainly responsible for its pharmacological action7, however, some active metabolites have been identified whose pharmacokinetics have not been adequately characterized.19
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
In a pharmacokinetic study using a 1 mg IV radiolabeled dose and a 2 mg oral dose, 63% of the ingested doxazosin was found to be excreted in the feces and about 9% of the dose was found to be excreted in the urine.7,19 Traces of radiolabeled unchanged drug were found in the urine and about 5% of the administered drug was found as unchanged drug excreted in the feces.19
- Half-life
The terminal elimination half-life of doxazosin has been estimated at 9-12 hours according to some resources.4,7 The FDA label indicates the elimination half-life of doxazosin is 22 hours.19
- Clearance
The clearance of doxazosin is low and ranges from approximately 1-2 ml/min/kg.4,11
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
LD50 information
The oral LD50 of doxazosin in mice is >1000 mg/kg.21
Overdose information
Symptoms of overdose include hypotension, changes in heart rate, and drowsiness.10 Administer supportive treatment in case of an overdose with doxazosin. Remove unabsorbed doxazosin from the gastrointestinal tract, correct hypotension, and closely monitor vital signs.10
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbaloparatide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Doxazosin is combined with Abaloparatide. Abametapir The serum concentration of Doxazosin can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Doxazosin can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abemaciclib The metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Doxazosin. Abiraterone The metabolism of Doxazosin can be decreased when combined with Abiraterone. - Food Interactions
- Avoid alcohol.
- Take with or without food.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Doxazosin mesylate 86P6PQK0MU 77883-43-3 VJECBOKJABCYMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Alfadil (Pfizer (Sweden)) / Cardenalin (Pfizer (Japan; discontinued)) / Cardular (Pfizer (Germany)) / Cardura-1 (Pfizer (Canada)) / Cardura-2 (Pfizer (Canada)) / Cardura-4 (Pfizer (Canada)) / Carduran (Pfizer (Brazil, Denmark, Norway, Spain)) / Diblocin (AstraZeneca (Germany)) / Normothen (Bioindustria (Italy)) / Supressin (Pfizer (Austria))
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cardura Tablet 2 mg/1 Oral Roerig 2021-10-19 Not applicable US 
Cardura Tablet 4 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1993-06-22 2012-07-16 US Cardura Tablet 4 mg/1 Oral Roerig 1991-01-01 2022-04-30 US Cardura Tablet 8 mg/1 Oral Roerig 2023-02-15 Not applicable US Cardura Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral Roerig 2021-10-19 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Apo-doxazosin Tablet 2 mg / tab Oral Apotex Corporation 1999-07-22 Not applicable Canada 
Apo-doxazosin Tablet 1 mg / tab Oral Apotex Corporation 1999-07-22 Not applicable Canada Apo-doxazosin Tablet 4 mg / tab Oral Apotex Corporation 1999-07-22 Not applicable Canada Dom-doxazosin Tablet 1 mg Oral Dominion Pharmacal 2004-05-26 Not applicable Canada Dom-doxazosin Tablet 4 mg Oral Dominion Pharmacal 2004-05-26 Not applicable Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cardura-1,2,and 4 Doxazosin mesylate (1 mg) + Doxazosin mesylate (2 mg) + Doxazosin mesylate (4 mg) Kit; Tablet Oral Astrazeneca Ab Not applicable Not applicable Canada Cardura-1,2,and 4 Doxazosin mesylate (1 mg) + Doxazosin mesylate (2 mg) + Doxazosin mesylate (4 mg) Kit; Tablet Oral Astrazeneca Ab Not applicable Not applicable Canada Cardura-1,2,and 4 Doxazosin mesylate (1 mg) + Doxazosin mesylate (2 mg) + Doxazosin mesylate (4 mg) Kit; Tablet Oral Astrazeneca Ab Not applicable Not applicable Canada
Categories
- ATC Codes
- C02CA04 — Doxazosin
- C02CA — Alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists
- C02C — ANTIADRENERGIC AGENTS, PERIPHERALLY ACTING
- C02 — ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergic Agents
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
- Adrenergic Antagonists
- Antiadrenergic Agents, Peripherally Acting
- Antihypertensive Agents
- Antihypertensive Agents Indicated for Hypertension
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Drugs Used in Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Hypotensive Agents
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- OCT1 inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Peripheral alpha-1 blockers
- Quinazolines
- Urologicals
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-arylpiperazines. These are organic compounds containing a piperazine ring where the nitrogen ring atom carries an aryl group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Diazinanes
- Sub Class
- Piperazines
- Direct Parent
- N-arylpiperazines
- Alternative Parents
- Quinazolinamines / Benzo-1,4-dioxanes / Anisoles / Dialkylarylamines / Alkyl aryl ethers / Aminopyrimidines and derivatives / Para dioxins / Imidolactams / Tertiary carboxylic acid amides / Heteroaromatic compounds show 8 more
- Substituents
- Alkyl aryl ether / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aminopyrimidine / Anisole / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Benzo-1,4-dioxane / Benzodioxane show 23 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- N-arylpiperazine, monocarboxylic acid amide, aromatic amine, quinazolines, benzodioxine, N-acylpiperazine (CHEBI:4708)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- NW1291F1W8
- CAS number
- 74191-85-8
- InChI Key
- RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C23H25N5O5/c1-30-18-11-14-15(12-19(18)31-2)25-23(26-21(14)24)28-9-7-27(8-10-28)22(29)20-13-32-16-5-3-4-6-17(16)33-20/h3-6,11-12,20H,7-10,13H2,1-2H3,(H2,24,25,26)
- IUPAC Name
- 2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxine-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine
- SMILES
- COC1=C(OC)C=C2C(N)=NC(=NC2=C1)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C1COC2=CC=CC=C2O1
References
- Synthesis Reference
K. S. Keshava Murthy, Gamini Weeratunga, Tianhao Zhou, Bhaskar Reddy Guntoori, "Process for the manufacture of intermediates suitable to make doxazosin, terazosin, prazosin, tiodazosin and related antihypertensive medicines." U.S. Patent US5919931, issued September, 1986.
US5919931- General References
- Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Margolis KL, Davis BR, Grimm RH, Black HR, Hamilton BP, Holland J, Nwachuku C, Papademetriou V, Probstfield J, Wright JT Jr, Alderman MH, Weiss RJ, Piller L, Bettencourt J, Walsh SM: Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2002 Nov-Dec;4(6):393-404. [Article]
- Rao G: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Management of Hypertension in Children. Pediatrics. 2016 Aug;138(2). pii: peds.2015-3616. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3616. Epub 2016 Jul 12. [Article]
- Liatsikos EN, Katsakiori PF, Assimakopoulos K, Voudoukis T, Kallidonis P, Constantinides C, Athanasopoulos A, Stolzenburg JU, Perimenis P: Doxazosin for the management of distal-ureteral stones. J Endourol. 2007 May;21(5):538-41. doi: 10.1089/end.2006.0107. [Article]
- Kaye B, Cussans NJ, Faulkner JK, Stopher DA, Reid JL: The metabolism and kinetics of doxazosin in man, mouse, rat and dog. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;21 Suppl 1:19S-25S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02849.x. [Article]
- Young RA, Brogden RN: Doxazosin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in mild or moderate hypertension. Drugs. 1988 May;35(5):525-41. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198835050-00003. [Article]
- Doggrell SA: After ALLHAT: doxazosin for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Sep;5(9):1957-64. doi: 10.1517/14656566.5.9.1957 . [Article]
- Elliott HL, Meredith PA, Reid JL: Pharmacokinetic overview of doxazosin. Am J Cardiol. 1987 May 29;59(14):78G-81G. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(87)90162-7. [Article]
- Kaplan SA: alpha-Blocker Therapy: Current Update. Rev Urol. 2005;7 Suppl 8:S34-42. [Article]
- Pahuja A, Bashir J, Williamson EM, Barber N: Unresolved priapism secondary to tamsulosin. Int J Impot Res. 2005 May-Jun;17(3):293-4. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901281. [Article]
- Satar S, Sebe A, Avci A, Yesilagac H, Gokel Y: Acute intoxication with doxazosin. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2005 Jun;24(6):337-9. doi: 10.1191/0960327105ht531oa. [Article]
- Cubeddu LX, Fuenmayor N, Caplan N, Ferry D: Clinical pharmacology of doxazosin in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987 Apr;41(4):439-49. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1987.54. [Article]
- Schwinn DA, Roehrborn CG: Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes and lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol. 2008 Mar;15(3):193-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01956.x. [Article]
- Martin DJ, Lluel P, Guillot E, Coste A, Jammes D, Angel I: Comparative alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype selectivity and functional uroselectivity of alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jul;282(1):228-35. [Article]
- Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. [Article]
- Thomas D, Bloehs R, Koschny R, Ficker E, Sykora J, Kiehn J, Schlomer K, Gierten J, Kathofer S, Zitron E, Scholz EP, Kiesecker C, Katus HA, Karle CA: Doxazosin induces apoptosis of cells expressing hERG K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan 28;579(1-3):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.051. Epub 2007 Dec 4. [Article]
- Jehle J, Schweizer PA, Katus HA, Thomas D: Novel roles for hERG K(+) channels in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2011 Aug 18;2:e193. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2011.77. [Article]
- Hammond KP, Nielsen C, Linnebur SA, Langness JA, Ray G, Maroni P, Kiser JJ: Priapism induced by boceprevir-CYP3A4 inhibition and alpha-adrenergic blockade: case report. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;58(1):e35-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit673. Epub 2013 Oct 2. [Article]
- Ferry DG, Caplan NB, Cubeddu LX: Interaction between antidepressants and alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists on the binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. J Pharm Sci. 1986 Feb;75(2):146-9. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600750208. [Article]
- Doxazosin FDA label [Link]
- FDA approval package, Cardura [Link]
- MSDS, Pfizer [Link]
- Cardura XL label [Link]
- Cardura monograph [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: CARDURA (doxazosin mesylate) tablets [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: CARDURA XL (doxazosin) extended release tablets [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014728
- KEGG Drug
- D07874
- KEGG Compound
- C06970
- PubChem Compound
- 3157
- PubChem Substance
- 46506825
- ChemSpider
- 3045
- BindingDB
- 86731
- 49276
- ChEBI
- 4708
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL707
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000381
- PharmGKB
- PA449407
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Doxazosin
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) / Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) / Hypertension / Myocardial Infarction 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / COVID / Hypertension 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Prostatic Hyperplasia 3 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Basic Science Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Pfizer inc
- Pfizer laboratories div pfizer inc
- Actavis elizabeth llc
- Apotex inc
- Dava pharmaceuticals inc
- Genpharm inc
- Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
- Kv pharmaceutical co
- Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
- Pliva inc
- Sandoz inc
- Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
- Watson laboratories inc
- Packagers
- Actavis Group
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- Apotex Inc.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Cardinal Health
- DAVA Pharmaceuticals
- Dept Health Central Pharmacy
- Direct Dispensing Inc.
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- General Injectables and Vaccines Inc.
- Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
- Heartland Repack Services LLC
- International Laboratories Inc.
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- Legacy Pharmaceuticals Packaging LLC
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Merrell Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Mylan
- Novopharm Ltd.
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Par Pharmaceuticals
- Patheon Inc.
- Pfizer Inc.
- Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Pliva Inc.
- Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Prepackage Specialists
- Prepak Systems Inc.
- Redpharm Drug
- Remedy Repack
- Sandhills Packaging Inc.
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Stat Rx Usa
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- Torpharm Inc.
- Tya Pharmaceuticals
- UDL Laboratories
- US Pharmaceutical Group
- Vangard Labs Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 1 mg / tab Tablet Oral 2 mg / tab Tablet Oral 4 mg / tab Tablet, extended release Oral 8 MG Tablet Oral Tablet Oral 2.000 mg Tablet Oral 4.000 mg Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 4 mg/1 Tablet, film coated, extended release Oral 8 mg/1 Tablet, multilayer, extended release Oral 4 mg/1 Tablet, multilayer, extended release Oral 8 mg/1 Kit; tablet Oral Tablet Oral 400000 mg Tablet Oral 8 MG Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet Oral 1 mg/1 Tablet Oral 2 mg/1 Tablet Oral 4 mg/1 Tablet Oral 1.26 MG Tablet Oral 2.42 MG Tablet Oral 8 mg/1 Tablet, extended release Oral 4 mg Tablet Oral 1 mg Tablet Oral 2 mg Tablet Oral 4 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Cardura XL 4 mg 24 Hour tablet 2.22USD tablet Cardura xl 8 mg tablet 2.04USD tablet Cardura xl 4 mg tablet 1.94USD tablet Cardura 8 mg tablet 1.93USD tablet Cardura 4 mg tablet 1.89USD tablet Cardura 2 mg tablet 1.81USD tablet Cardura 1 mg tablet 1.72USD tablet Doxazosin mesylate 8 mg tablet 1.04USD tablet Cardura 4 mg Tablet 1.0USD tablet Doxazosin mesylate 4 mg tablet 0.99USD tablet Doxazosin mesylate 1 mg tablet 0.94USD tablet Doxazosin mesylate 2 mg tablet 0.94USD tablet Cardura 2 mg Tablet 0.77USD tablet Cardura 1 mg Tablet 0.64USD tablet Apo-Doxazosin 4 mg Tablet 0.56USD tablet Mylan-Doxazosin 4 mg Tablet 0.56USD tablet Novo-Doxazosin 4 mg Tablet 0.56USD tablet Pms-Doxazosin 4 mg Tablet 0.56USD tablet Apo-Doxazosin 2 mg Tablet 0.43USD tablet Mylan-Doxazosin 2 mg Tablet 0.43USD tablet Novo-Doxazosin 2 mg Tablet 0.43USD tablet Pms-Doxazosin 2 mg Tablet 0.43USD tablet Apo-Doxazosin 1 mg Tablet 0.36USD tablet Mylan-Doxazosin 1 mg Tablet 0.36USD tablet Novo-Doxazosin 1 mg Tablet 0.36USD tablet Pms-Doxazosin 1 mg Tablet 0.36USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 275-277 https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB3285710.htm boiling point (°C) 718 https://www.scbt.com/scbt/product/doxazosin-mesylate-77883-43-3 water solubility 0.8% https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2009/019668s021lbl.pdf logP 2.1 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Doxazosin pKa 6.52 https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL707/ - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.79 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.53 ALOGPS logP 2.14 Chemaxon logS -2.8 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 12.67 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.24 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 9 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 112.27 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 121.64 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 47.17 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 5 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 1.0 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.9627 Caco-2 permeable + 0.7863 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7303 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.7391 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9528 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.6909 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.9011 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.8195 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7228 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.8293 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9161 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9533 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9084 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8002 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9078 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.5648 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8905 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9854 Rat acute toxicity 2.1954 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.8602 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.823
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 237.701956 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 194.00697 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M-H]- 237.701956 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 237.701956 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 194.00697 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M-H]- 194.00697 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 237.511756 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 196.36497 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 237.511756 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 237.511756 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 196.36497 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 196.36497 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 236.956256 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 202.68077 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 236.956256 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 236.956256 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 202.68077 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 202.68077 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes
- Specific Function
- alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
- Gene Name
- ADRA1A
- Uniprot ID
- P35348
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 51486.005 Da
References
- Yono M, Foster HE Jr, Shin D, Takahashi W, Pouresmail M, Latifpour J: Doxazosin-induced up-regulation of alpha 1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the rat lower urinary tract. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;82(10):872-8. [Article]
- Michel MC, Grubbel B, Taguchi K, Verfurth F, Otto T, Kropfl D: Drugs for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: affinity comparison at cloned alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes and in human prostate. J Auton Pharmacol. 1996 Feb;16(1):21-8. [Article]
- Roehrborn CG, Schwinn DA: Alpha1-adrenergic receptors and their inhibitors in lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol. 2004 Mar;171(3):1029-35. [Article]
- Ishizuka O, Pandita RK, Mattiasson A, Steers WD, Andersson KE: Stimulation of bladder activity by volume, L-dopa and capsaicin in normal conscious rats--effects of spinal alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1997 Jun;355(6):787-93. [Article]
- Bae JH, Jung PB, Lee JG: The effects of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists on the urethral perfusion pressure of the female rat. BJU Int. 2005 Nov;96(7):1131-5. [Article]
- Greco KA, McVary KT: The role of combination medical therapy in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Impot Res. 2008 Dec;20 Suppl 3:S33-43. doi: 10.1038/ijir.2008.51. [Article]
- Shannon R, Chaudhry M: Effect of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac pathophysiology. Am Heart J. 2006 Nov;152(5):842-50. [Article]
- Martin DJ: Preclinical pharmacology of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists. Eur Urol. 1999;36 Suppl 1:35-41; discussion 65. [Article]
- Schwinn DA, Roehrborn CG: Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes and lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol. 2008 Mar;15(3):193-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01956.x. [Article]
- Martin DJ, Lluel P, Guillot E, Coste A, Jammes D, Angel I: Comparative alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype selectivity and functional uroselectivity of alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jul;282(1):228-35. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium
- Specific Function
- alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
- Gene Name
- ADRA1D
- Uniprot ID
- P25100
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 60462.205 Da
References
- Martin DJ, Lluel P, Guillot E, Coste A, Jammes D, Angel I: Comparative alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype selectivity and functional uroselectivity of alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jul;282(1):228-35. [Article]
- Schwinn DA, Roehrborn CG: Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes and lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol. 2008 Mar;15(3):193-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01956.x. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- This is a potential target action of doxazosin that was demonstrated by in vitro studies.
- General Function
- Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel (PubMed:10219239, PubMed:10753933, PubMed:10790218, PubMed:10837251, PubMed:11997281, PubMed:12063277, PubMed:18559421, PubMed:22314138, PubMed:22359612, PubMed:26363003, PubMed:27916661, PubMed:9230439, PubMed:9351446, PubMed:9765245). Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly (PubMed:10837251). Characterized by unusual gating kinetics by producing relatively small outward currents during membrane depolarization and large inward currents during subsequent repolarization which reflect a rapid inactivation during depolarization and quick recovery from inactivation but slow deactivation (closing) during repolarization (PubMed:10219239, PubMed:10753933, PubMed:10790218, PubMed:10837251, PubMed:11997281, PubMed:12063277, PubMed:18559421, PubMed:22314138, PubMed:22359612, PubMed:26363003, PubMed:27916661, PubMed:9230439, PubMed:9351446, PubMed:9765245). Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly (PubMed:10837251). Forms a stable complex with KCNE1 or KCNE2, and that this heteromultimerization regulates inward rectifier potassium channel activity (PubMed:10219239, PubMed:9230439)
- Specific Function
- delayed rectifier potassium channel activity
Components:
References
- Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. [Article]
- Thomas D, Bloehs R, Koschny R, Ficker E, Sykora J, Kiehn J, Schlomer K, Gierten J, Kathofer S, Zitron E, Scholz EP, Kiesecker C, Katus HA, Karle CA: Doxazosin induces apoptosis of cells expressing hERG K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Jan 28;579(1-3):98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.10.051. Epub 2007 Dec 4. [Article]
- Jehle J, Schweizer PA, Katus HA, Thomas D: Novel roles for hERG K(+) channels in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cell Death Dis. 2011 Aug 18;2:e193. doi: 10.1038/cddis.2011.77. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- General Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes
- Specific Function
- alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
- Gene Name
- ADRA1B
- Uniprot ID
- P35368
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 56835.375 Da
References
- Schwinn DA, Roehrborn CG: Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes and lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol. 2008 Mar;15(3):193-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01956.x. [Article]
- Martin DJ, Lluel P, Guillot E, Coste A, Jammes D, Angel I: Comparative alpha-1 adrenoceptor subtype selectivity and functional uroselectivity of alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonists. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Jul;282(1):228-35. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Hammond KP, Nielsen C, Linnebur SA, Langness JA, Ray G, Maroni P, Kiser JJ: Priapism induced by boceprevir-CYP3A4 inhibition and alpha-adrenergic blockade: case report. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;58(1):e35-8. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit673. Epub 2013 Oct 2. [Article]
- Dailymed [Link]
- Cardura XL label [Link]
- Cardura monograph [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307)
- Specific Function
- (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55944.565 Da
References
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Exhibits low catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan (PubMed:25994031)
- Specific Function
- (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Cardura monograph [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, steroids and retinoids (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamide (20-HETE-EA) and 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:21289075). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the oxidative transformations of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal, a precursor for the active form all-trans-retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants
- Specific Function
- anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- Curator comments
- This transporter action is supported by in vitro data only.
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Takara K, Kakumoto M, Tanigawara Y, Funakoshi J, Sakaeda T, Okumura K: Interaction of digoxin with antihypertensive drugs via MDR1. Life Sci. 2002 Feb 15;70(13):1491-500. [Article]
- Takara K, Sakaeda T, Kakumoto M, Tanigawara Y, Kobayashi H, Okumura K, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T: Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin on MDR1-mediated multidrug resistance and transcellular transport. Oncol Res. 2009;17(11-12):527-33. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Electrogenic voltage-dependent transporter that mediates the transport of a variety of organic cations such as endogenous bioactive amines, cationic drugs and xenobiotics (PubMed:11388889, PubMed:11408531, PubMed:12439218, PubMed:12719534, PubMed:15389554, PubMed:16263091, PubMed:16272756, PubMed:16581093, PubMed:19536068, PubMed:21128598, PubMed:23680637, PubMed:24961373, PubMed:34040533, PubMed:9187257, PubMed:9260930, PubMed:9655880). Functions as a pH- and Na(+)-independent, bidirectional transporter (By similarity). Cation cellular uptake or release is driven by the electrochemical potential (i.e. membrane potential and concentration gradient) and substrate selectivity (By similarity). Hydrophobicity is a major requirement for recognition in polyvalent substrates and inhibitors (By similarity). Primarily expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and proximal tubules and involved in the uptake and disposition of cationic compounds by hepatic and renal clearance from the blood flow (By similarity). Most likely functions as an uptake carrier in enterocytes contributing to the intestinal elimination of organic cations from the systemic circulation (PubMed:16263091). Transports endogenous monoamines such as N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), guanidine, histamine, neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline (PubMed:12439218, PubMed:24961373, PubMed:35469921, PubMed:9260930). Also transports natural polyamines such as spermidine, agmatine and putrescine at low affinity, but relatively high turnover (PubMed:21128598). Involved in the hepatic uptake of vitamin B1/thiamine, hence regulating hepatic lipid and energy metabolism (PubMed:24961373). Mediates the bidirectional transport of acetylcholine (ACh) at the apical membrane of ciliated cell in airway epithelium, thereby playing a role in luminal release of ACh from bronchial epithelium (PubMed:15817714). Transports dopaminergic neuromodulators cyclo(his-pro) and salsolinol with lower efficency (PubMed:17460754). Also capable of transporting non-amine endogenous compounds such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) (PubMed:11907186). May contribute to the transport of cationic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Also involved in the uptake of xenobiotics tributylmethylammonium (TBuMA), quinidine, N-methyl-quinine (NMQ), N-methyl-quinidine (NMQD) N-(4,4-azo-n-pentyl)-quinuclidine (APQ), azidoprocainamide methoiodide (AMP), N-(4,4-azo-n-pentyl)-21-deoxyajmalinium (APDA) and 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium (ASP) (PubMed:11408531, PubMed:15389554, PubMed:35469921, PubMed:9260930)
- Specific Function
- (R)-carnitine transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A1
- Uniprot ID
- O15245
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 61153.345 Da
References
- Stage TB, Brosen K, Christensen MM: A Comprehensive Review of Drug-Drug Interactions with Metformin. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015 Aug;54(8):811-24. doi: 10.1007/s40262-015-0270-6. [Article]
- Dujic T, Zhou K, Donnelly LA, Tavendale R, Palmer CN, Pearson ER: Association of Organic Cation Transporter 1 With Intolerance to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A GoDARTS Study. Diabetes. 2015 May;64(5):1786-93. doi: 10.2337/db14-1388. Epub 2014 Dec 15. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 21, 2024 12:36