Domperidone
Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Overview
- Description
- A medication used to treat various conditions in the stomach, including heartburn, stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting.
- Description
- A medication used to treat various conditions in the stomach, including heartburn, stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting.
- DrugBank ID
- DB01184
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Clinical Trials
- Phase 0
- 1
- Phase 1
- 6
- Phase 2
- 12
- Phase 3
- 10
- Phase 4
- 15
- Mechanism of Action
- D(3) dopamine receptorAntagonist
- D(2) dopamine receptorAntagonist
- D(3) dopamine receptor
Identification
- Summary
Domperidone is a dopamine receptor antagonist used as a peristaltic stimulant and anti-emetic agent for dyspepsia, indigestion, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting.
- Generic Name
- Domperidone
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01184
- Background
A specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
- Weight
- Average: 425.911
Monoisotopic: 425.161852744 - Chemical Formula
- C22H24ClN5O2
- Synonyms
- 1-(3-(4-(5-chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)propyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one
- 5-chloro-1-(1-(3-(2-oxo-1-benzimidazolinyl)propyl)-4-piperidyl)-2-benzimidazolinone
- 5-chloro-1-(1-(3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)propyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one
- 5-chloro-1-{1-[3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-1-yl)-propyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-1,3-dihydro-benzoimidazol-2-one
- Domperidona
- Domperidone
- Domperidonum
- External IDs
- R 33,812
- R-33812
Pharmacology
- Indication
For management of dyspepsia, heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Symptomatic treatment of Diabetic gastroparesis •••••••••••• Used in combination to treat Dyspepsia Combination Product in combination with: Lansoprazole (DB00448) •••••••••••• ••••••• Used in combination to treat Dyspepsia Combination Product in combination with: Lansoprazole (DB00448) •••••••••••• ••••••• Used in combination to treat Erosive esophagitis (ee) Combination Product in combination with: Dexlansoprazole (DB05351) •••••••••••• ••••••• Prophylaxis of Gastrointestinal symptoms •••••••••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API
- Pharmacodynamics
Domperidone is a specific blocker of dopamine receptors. It speeds gastrointestinal peristalsis, causes prolactin release, and is used as antiemetic and tool in the study of dopaminergic mechanisms.
- Mechanism of action
Domperidone acts as a gastrointestinal emptying (delayed) adjunct and peristaltic stimulant. The gastroprokinetic properties of domperidone are related to its peripheral dopamine receptor blocking properties. Domperidone facilitates gastric emptying and decreases small bowel transit time by increasing esophageal and gastric peristalsis and by lowering esophageal sphincter pressure. Antiemetic: The antiemetic properties of domperidone are related to its dopamine receptor blocking activity at both the chemoreceptor trigger zone and at the gastric level. It has strong affinities for the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors, which are found in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, located just outside the blood brain barrier, which - among others - regulates nausea and vomiting
Target Actions Organism AD(3) dopamine receptor antagonistHumans AD(2) dopamine receptor antagonistHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
91%-93%
- Metabolism
Hover over products below to view reaction partners
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
7 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
- Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.
- Toxicity
Side effects include galactorrhea, gynecomastia, or menstrual irregularities.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Domperidone can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Domperidone can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abiraterone The serum concentration of Domperidone can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Domperidone can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib. Acebutolol The metabolism of Domperidone can be decreased when combined with Acebutolol. - Food Interactions
- Take before a meal. Take 15-30 minutes before meals.
Products
- Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.
- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Domperidone maleate 899U5WF46A 83898-65-1 OAUUYDZHCOULIO-BTJKTKAUSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Euciton (Roux-Ocefa) / Moperidona (Sidus) / Motilium (Janssen) / Nauzelin (Kyowa Hakko Kirin)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Domperidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Sivem Pharmaceuticals Ulc 1998-09-03 Not applicable Canada Domperidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Sun Pharma Canada Inc Not applicable Not applicable Canada Domperidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Sanis Health Inc 2010-05-12 Not applicable Canada Domperidone-10 Tablet 10 mg Oral Pro Doc Limitee 1998-07-13 Not applicable Canada Motilidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Technilab Pharma Inc. 1997-09-17 2005-08-05 Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Apo-domperidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Apotex Corporation 1997-09-17 Not applicable Canada Ava-domperidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Avanstra Inc 2011-09-15 2014-08-21 Canada Bio-domperidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Biomed Pharma 2016-04-26 Not applicable Canada Dom-domperidone Tablet 10 mg Oral Dominion Pharmacal 1998-09-17 Not applicable Canada Ftp-domperidone Maleate Tablet 10 mg Oral Gmd Distribution Inc. 1998-10-09 2005-08-05 Canada - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ออโต้ ซัสเพนชั่น Suspension 5 mg/5mL Oral บริษัท พาตาร์แลบ (2517) จำกัด จำกัด 2013-04-19 Not applicable Thailand โมแลกซ์ ยาน้ำแขวนตะกอน Suspension 5 mg/5mL Oral บริษัท สยามเภสัช จำกัด 2007-04-18 Not applicable Thailand - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image DEXGARD 30/30 MG MR KAPSUL, 30 ADET Domperidone (30 mg) + Dexlansoprazole (30 mg) Capsule Oral NUVOMED İLAÇ SAN.TİC. A.Ş. 2012-07-31 Not applicable Turkey DEXGARD 30/30 MG MR KAPSUL, 60 ADET Domperidone (30 mg) + Dexlansoprazole (30 mg) Capsule Oral NUVOMED İLAÇ SAN.TİC. A.Ş. 2012-07-31 Not applicable Turkey DEXRIDON MR 30/10 MG KAPSÜL ,30 KAPSÜL Domperidone (30 mg) + Dexrabeprazole (10 mg) Capsule Oral CELTİS İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2014-01-08 Not applicable Turkey DUEDOM 30/10 MG KAPSÜL, 30 ADET Domperidone (10 mg) + Dexlansoprazole (30 mg) Capsule Oral CELTİS İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2011-12-22 Not applicable Turkey DUEDOM 60/10 MG KAPSÜL, 30 ADET Domperidone (10 mg) + Dexlansoprazole (60 mg) Capsule Oral CELTİS İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş. 2011-12-22 Not applicable Turkey
Categories
- ATC Codes
- A03FA03 — Domperidone
- Drug Categories
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Antiemetics
- Autonomic Agents
- Benzimidazoles
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A5 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A7 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Dopamine Agents
- Dopamine Antagonists
- Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists
- Drugs for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Gastrointestinal Agents
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Piperidines
- Prokinetic Agents
- Propulsives
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzimidazoles. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring (five member ring containing a nitrogen atom, 4 carbon atoms, and two double bonds).
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organoheterocyclic compounds
- Class
- Benzimidazoles
- Sub Class
- Not Available
- Direct Parent
- Benzimidazoles
- Alternative Parents
- Piperidines / N-substituted imidazoles / Benzenoids / Aryl chlorides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Ureas / Trialkylamines / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organooxygen compounds show 3 more
- Substituents
- Amine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid / Benzimidazole / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative show 14 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- benzimidazoles, heteroarylpiperidine (CHEBI:31515)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 5587267Z69
- CAS number
- 57808-66-9
- InChI Key
- FGXWKSZFVQUSTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C22H24ClN5O2/c23-15-6-7-20-18(14-15)25-22(30)28(20)16-8-12-26(13-9-16)10-3-11-27-19-5-2-1-4-17(19)24-21(27)29/h1-2,4-7,14,16H,3,8-13H2,(H,24,29)(H,25,30)
- IUPAC Name
- 5-chloro-1-{1-[3-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-1-yl)propyl]piperidin-4-yl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-one
- SMILES
- ClC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N(C1CCN(CCCN3C(=O)NC4=CC=CC=C34)CC1)C(=O)N2
References
- Synthesis Reference
Vanderberk, J., Kennis, L.E.J., Van der Aa, M.J.M.C. and Van Heertum, A.H.M.T.; U.S. Patents 4,066,772; January 3,1978; 4.1 10,333; August 29,1978; 4,126,687; November 21, 1978; 4,126,688; November 21,1978; 4,160,836; July 10,1979 and 4,175,129; November 20,1979; all assigned to Janssen Pharmaceutica NV (Belgium).
- General References
- Silvers D, Kipnes M, Broadstone V, Patterson D, Quigley EM, McCallum R, Leidy NK, Farup C, Liu Y, Joslyn A: Domperidone in the management of symptoms of diabetic gastroparesis: efficacy, tolerability, and quality-of-life outcomes in a multicenter controlled trial. DOM-USA-5 Study Group. Clin Ther. 1998 May-Jun;20(3):438-53. [Article]
- TITCK Product Information: Duedom (dexlansoprazole/domperidone) oral capsules [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015315
- KEGG Drug
- D01745
- PubChem Compound
- 3151
- PubChem Substance
- 46508314
- ChemSpider
- 3039
- BindingDB
- 50241107
- 3626
- ChEBI
- 31515
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL219916
- ZINC
- ZINC000004175569
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001368
- PharmGKB
- PA134711056
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Domperidone
- MSDS
- Download (73.8 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Available Not Available Gastroparesis 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Available Not Available Oncology Patients With Gastroparesis 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Arrhythmia 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Breast Milk Production / Breastfeeding / Sudden Cardiac Death / Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Parkinson's Disease (PD) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Professional Co.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet, effervescent Capsule Oral Solution / drops; suspension / drops 5 MG/5ML Tablet, soluble Suspension Oral 0.1 g Suspension Oral 100 mg Suspension Oral Suspension Oral 0.1 % Suspension Oral 5 mg Syrup Oral Syrup Oral 5 mg/ml Solution / drops Oral 1 % Suppository Rectal 60 MG Syrup Oral 0.1 % Granule, effervescent 5 MG Tablet, chewable Oral 5 MG Suspension Oral 6.36 mg Tablet Oral 12.7 mg Tablet Oral 12.73 MG Tablet Oral 12725 MG Tablet, film coated Oral 12.73 MG Tablet, effervescent 10 MG Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg/tablet Tablet, film coated Oral 13 MG Tablet, chewable Oral Tablet, effervescent 5 MG Suspension Oral Tablet Oral Pill Tablet, film coated Oral Capsule, delayed release pellets Oral 30 mg Granule, effervescent 10 MG Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 10 mg/2ml Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 4 mg/2ml Solution / drops Oral 10 mg/ml Solution / drops Oral 20 mg/ml Solution / drops Oral 20 ML Suspension Oral 0.1000 mg Syrup Oral 1 MG/ML Tablet Oral 20 MG Suspension Oral 1 mg/ml Tablet, orally disintegrating Granule, effervescent Solution / drops Oral Suppository Rectal 10 MG Suppository Rectal 30 MG Tablet, coated Oral Tablet Oral 10.00 mg Solution / drops; suspension / drops Tablet Oral 10.000 mg Tablet Oral 10000 MG Solution / drops; suspension / drops 5 MG/ML Suspension Oral 5 MG/ML Syrup Oral 5 mg/5ml Tablet, soluble 10 MG Tablet Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg Tablet, coated Oral 10 mg Suspension Oral 5 mg/5ml Tablet Oral 10 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Domperidone bp powder 55.2USD g Ratio-Domperidone Maleate 10 mg Tablet 0.16USD tablet Apo-Domperidone 10 mg Tablet 0.16USD tablet Mylan-Domperidone 10 mg Tablet 0.16USD tablet Novo-Domperidone 10 mg Tablet 0.16USD tablet Nu-Domperidone 10 mg Tablet 0.16USD tablet Pms-Domperidone 10 mg Tablet 0.15USD tablet Ran-Domperidone 10 mg Tablet 0.15USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 242.5 °C Vanderberk, J., Kennis, L.E.J., Van der Aa, M.J.M.C. and Van Heertum, A.H.M.T.; U.S. Patents 4,066,772; January 3,1978; 4.1 10,333; August 29,1978; 4,126,687; November 21, 1978; 4,126,688; November 21,1978; 4,160,836; July 10,1979 and 4,175,129; November 20,1979; all assigned to Janssen Pharmaceutica NV (Belgium). water solubility 0.986 mg/L Not Available logP 3.90 EL TAYER,N ET AL. (1985) pKa 7.9 EL TAYAR,N ET AL. (1985) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0925 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.7 ALOGPS logP 2.9 Chemaxon logS -3.7 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 12.52 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 7.03 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 2 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 67.92 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 Chemaxon Refractivity 119.37 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 45.61 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 5 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9967 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8686 Caco-2 permeable - 0.8957 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7029 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.7244 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.628 Renal organic cation transporter Inhibitor 0.6546 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7974 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9117 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.6392 CYP450 1A2 substrate Inhibitor 0.8737 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8933 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.5577 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity High CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.8695 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6608 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.922 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 1.0 Rat acute toxicity 1.9828 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Strong inhibitor 0.7527 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Inhibitor 0.917
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 210.1130203 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 194.61037 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 208.9825203 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 196.96837 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 208.9953203 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 203.54161 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation
- Specific Function
- dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
- Gene Name
- DRD3
- Uniprot ID
- P35462
- Uniprot Name
- D(3) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 44194.315 Da
References
- Freedman SB, Patel S, Marwood R, Emms F, Seabrook GR, Knowles MR, McAllister G: Expression and pharmacological characterization of the human D3 dopamine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1994 Jan;268(1):417-26. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:21645528). Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5 (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- dopamine binding
- Gene Name
- DRD2
- Uniprot ID
- P14416
- Uniprot Name
- D(2) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 50618.91 Da
References
- Cavallotti C, Nuti F, Bruzzone P, Mancone M: Age-related changes in dopamine D2 receptors in rat heart and coronary vessels. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2002 May-Jun;29(5-6):412-8. [Article]
- Osinski MA, Uchic ME, Seifert T, Shaughnessy TK, Miller LN, Nakane M, Cox BF, Brioni JD, Moreland RB: Dopamine D2, but not D4, receptor agonists are emetogenic in ferrets. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005 May;81(1):211-9. [Article]
- de Mey C, Enterling D, Meineke I, Yeulet S: Interactions between domperidone and ropinirole, a novel dopamine D2-receptor agonist. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Oct;32(4):483-8. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Ali I, Gupta VK, Singh P, Pant HV: Screening of domperidone in wastewater by high performance liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction methods. Talanta. 2006 Jan 15;68(3):928-31. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.06.027. Epub 2005 Jul 22. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:9435160). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317). Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). May act as a major enzyme for all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis in the liver. Catalyzes two successive oxidative transformation of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal and then to the active form all-trans retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Primarily catalyzes stereoselective epoxidation of the last double bond of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), displaying a strong preference for the (R,S) stereoisomer (PubMed:19965576). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and omega-1 hydroxylation of PUFA (PubMed:9435160). May also participate in eicosanoids metabolism by converting hydroperoxide species into oxo metabolites (lipoxygenase-like reaction, NADPH-independent) (PubMed:21068195). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin (PubMed:14725854). Metabolizes caffeine via N3-demethylation (Probable)
- Specific Function
- aromatase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58406.915 Da
References
- Ward BA, Morocho A, Kandil A, Galinsky RE, Flockhart DA, Desta Z: Characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing domperidone N-dealkylation and hydroxylation in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Sep;58(3):277-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02156.x. [Article]
- Domperidone 10mg Tablets - Summary of Product Characteristics - eMC [Link]
- Domperidone FDA label [File]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of endocannabinoids and steroids (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:21289075). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:21289075). Hydroxylates steroid hormones, including testosterone at C-16 and estrogens at C-2 (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:21289075). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, including plant lipids and drugs (PubMed:11695850, PubMed:22909231). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850)
- Specific Function
- anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2B6
- Uniprot ID
- P20813
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2B6
- Molecular Weight
- 56277.81 Da
References
- Ward BA, Morocho A, Kandil A, Galinsky RE, Flockhart DA, Desta Z: Characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing domperidone N-dealkylation and hydroxylation in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Sep;58(3):277-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02156.x. [Article]
- Braun M, Cawello W, Boekens H, Horstmann R: Influence of domperidone on pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of the dopamine agonist rotigotine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;67(2):209-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03334.x. Epub 2008 Dec 16. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Primarily catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid toward its 4-hydroxylated form (PubMed:11093772). Displays 16-alpha hydroxylase activity toward estrogen steroid hormones, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) (PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) (PubMed:26427316)
- Specific Function
- arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C8
- Uniprot ID
- P10632
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C8
- Molecular Weight
- 55824.275 Da
References
- Ward BA, Morocho A, Kandil A, Galinsky RE, Flockhart DA, Desta Z: Characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing domperidone N-dealkylation and hydroxylation in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Sep;58(3):277-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02156.x. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, steroids and retinoids (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamide (20-HETE-EA) and 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:21289075). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the oxidative transformations of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal, a precursor for the active form all-trans-retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants
- Specific Function
- anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Ward BA, Morocho A, Kandil A, Galinsky RE, Flockhart DA, Desta Z: Characterization of human cytochrome P450 enzymes catalyzing domperidone N-dealkylation and hydroxylation in vitro. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Sep;58(3):277-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2004.02156.x. [Article]
- Braun M, Cawello W, Boekens H, Horstmann R: Influence of domperidone on pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of the dopamine agonist rotigotine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Feb;67(2):209-15. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03334.x. Epub 2008 Dec 16. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Chang SY, Fancher RM, Zhang H, Gan J: Mechanism-based inhibition of human cytochrome P4503A4 by domperidone. Xenobiotica. 2010 Feb;40(2):138-45. doi: 10.3109/00498250903406762. [Article]
- Simard C, Michaud V, Gibbs B, Masse R, Lessard E, Turgeon J: Identification of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of domperidone. Xenobiotica. 2004 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):1013-23. [Article]
- Michaud V, Simard C, Turgeon J: Characterization of CYP3A isozymes involved in the metabolism of domperidone: role of cytochrome b5 and inhibition by ketoconazole. Drug Metab Lett. 2010 Apr;4(2):95-103. [Article]
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Health Canada Approved Drug Products: Domperidone Oral Tablets [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes 6beta-hydroxylation of the steroid hormones testosterone, progesterone, and androstenedione (PubMed:2732228). Catalyzes the oxidative conversion of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, including calcium channel blocking drug nifedipine and immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine (PubMed:2732228)
- Specific Function
- aromatase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A5
- Uniprot ID
- P20815
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A5
- Molecular Weight
- 57108.065 Da
References
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones and vitamins during embryogenesis (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:17178770, PubMed:9555064). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:17178770, PubMed:9555064). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA), a precursor in the biosynthesis of androgen and estrogen steroid hormones (PubMed:17178770, PubMed:9555064). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1), particularly D-ring hydroxylated estrone at the C16-alpha position (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Mainly hydroxylates all trans-retinoic acid (atRA) to 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in atRA clearance during fetal development (PubMed:11093772). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics including anticonvulsants (PubMed:9555064)
- Specific Function
- all-trans retinoic acid 18-hydroxylase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A7
- Uniprot ID
- P24462
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A7
- Molecular Weight
- 57469.95 Da
References
- Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Faassen F, Vogel G, Spanings H, Vromans H: Caco-2 permeability, P-glycoprotein transport ratios and brain penetration of heterocyclic drugs. Int J Pharm. 2003 Sep 16;263(1-2):113-22. [Article]
- Schinkel AH, Wagenaar E, Mol CA, van Deemter L: P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jun 1;97(11):2517-24. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at November 06, 2024 16:18