Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Ginseng is a herbal supplement used in many health products.
- Generic Name
- Ginseng
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB01404
- Background
Ginseng is promoted as an adaptogen (a product that increases the body's resistance to stress), one which can to a certain extent be supported with reference to its anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. Ginseng is also known to contain phytoestrogens.
- Type
- Biotech
- Groups
- Investigational, Nutraceutical
- Synonyms
- Aralia ginseng root
- Asian ginseng root
- Chinese ginseng root
- Ginseng (panax ginseng)
- Ginseng extract
- Ginseng, asian
- Hong shen root
- Insam root
- Korean ginseng
- Korean ginseng root
- Ninjin root
- Panax ginseng
- Panax ginseng root
- Panax ginseng root extract
- Panax schinseng root
- Panax verus root
- Red ginseng
- Ren seng root
- Ren shen
- Ren shen root
- True ginseng root
- External IDs
- B1673
Pharmacology
- Indication
Not Available
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Not Available
- Mechanism of action
Target Actions Organism UAryl hydrocarbon receptor agonistHumans UInterleukin-6 antagonistHumans UProstaglandin G/H synthase 2 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Not Available
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
Not Available
- Half-life
Not Available
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Ginseng. Morphine The therapeutic efficacy of Morphine can be decreased when used in combination with Ginseng. Warfarin The metabolism of Warfarin can be decreased when combined with Ginseng. - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Baek Su Hee (joy 99 year life) (20ml) Liquid 0.5 g/20mL Oral Mercylight 2015-06-26 Not applicable US 
Cheong-Kwan-Jang Korean HongSam Capsule 500 mg/500mg Oral Korea Ginseng Corporation 2010-11-15 Not applicable US Cheong-Kwan-Jang Korean HongSam Powder 90 g/90g Oral Korea Ginseng Corporation 2010-10-08 Not applicable US Cheong-Kwan-Jang Korean HongSam Tablet 500 mg/90000mg Oral Korea Ginseng Corporation 2011-02-24 Not applicable US Cheong-Kwan-Jang Sliced Korean HongSam Bar, chewable 75 g/75g Oral Korea Ginseng Corporation 2011-05-31 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Anti Fatigue Eye Drops Ginseng (3 mg/15mL) + Cyanocobalamin (1.5 mg/15mL) + Lutein (3.75 mg/15mL) + Vitamin E (3 mg/15mL) Liquid Intraocular Shantou Youjia E-Commerce Co., Ltd. 2024-02-01 2024-12-31 US Ari Moms Care Ginseng (1.2 g/100g) + Angelica dahurica root (0.8 g/100g) + Licorice (0.4 g/100g) + Orange (0.8 g/100g) Tablet, chewable Oral BIOHERB Co., Ltd. 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 US Ari Moms Care Ginseng (1.2 g/100g) + Angelica dahurica root (0.8 g/100g) + Licorice (0.4 g/100g) + Orange (0.8 g/100g) Tablet, chewable Oral ARI BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD 2019-03-13 2020-03-13 US BiO-LiFE Ginsomin Softgel Capsules Ginseng (50 mg) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg) + Beta carotene (6 mg) + Calcium phosphate, dibasic (255 mg) + Copper (2 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (2 µg) + Folic acid (200 µg) + Iron (15 mg) + Magnesium (4 mg) + Manganese cation (1 mg) + Nicotinamide (20 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (6 mg) + Potassium (3.5 µg) + Pyridoxine (2 mg) + Riboflavin (1.5 mg) + Selenium (35 µg) + Thiamine (1.5 mg) + Vitamin D (200 IU) + Vitamin E (15 IU) + Zinc (5 mg) Capsule Oral Mega Lifesciences Indonesia 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia 
BiO-LiFE Premiton Soft Capsule Ginseng (100 mg) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg) + Calcium (104 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 IU) + Copper (1 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (6 mcg) + Folic acid (400 mcg) + Lipoic acid (25 mg) + Magnesium (5 mg) + Manganese cation (1 mg) + Nicotinamide (20 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (10 mg) + Phosphorus (80 mg) + Potassium (4 mg) + Pyridoxine (2 mg) + Riboflavin (1.6 mg) + Rutin (20 mg) + Selenium (40 mcg) + Thiamine (1.5 mg) + Vitamin A (4000 IU) + Vitamin E (14.9 IU) + Zinc (1 mg) Capsule Oral BIO-LIFE MARKETING SDN. BHD. 2020-09-08 Not applicable Malaysia - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Ari Moms Care Ginseng (1.2 g/100g) + Angelica dahurica root (0.8 g/100g) + Licorice (0.4 g/100g) + Orange (0.8 g/100g) Tablet, chewable Oral BIOHERB Co., Ltd. 2020-01-01 2020-12-31 US Ari Moms Care Ginseng (1.2 g/100g) + Angelica dahurica root (0.8 g/100g) + Licorice (0.4 g/100g) + Orange (0.8 g/100g) Tablet, chewable Oral ARI BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD 2019-03-13 2020-03-13 US Baek Su Hee (joy 99 year life) (20ml) Ginseng (0.5 g/20mL) Liquid Oral Mercylight 2015-06-26 Not applicable US Blood Care Honzo Seika Chinese Herbal Aroma Oil Ginseng (8.5 mg/100mL) + Angelica sinensis root (3 mg/100mL) Oil Topical Phytopia Co., Ltd. 2016-04-01 Not applicable US Blood Care Honzo Seika Chinese Herbal Aroma Oil Ginseng (8.5 mg/100mL) + Angelica sinensis root (3 mg/100mL) Oil Topical Nic Co., Ltd. 2016-04-01 Not applicable US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- CUQ3A77YXI
- CAS number
- 50647-08-0
References
- Synthesis Reference
Iwao Hachiya, Keizo Mochizuki, Yukio Kuwada, "Method of preparing dried ginseng for drug." U.S. Patent US4446130, issued January, 1970.
US4446130- General References
- Lee YJ, Jin YR, Lim WC, Park WK, Cho JY, Jang S, Lee SK: Ginsenoside-Rb1 acts as a weak phytoestrogen in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2003 Jan;26(1):58-63. [Article]
- Chan RY, Chen WF, Dong A, Guo D, Wong MS: Estrogen-like activity of ginsenoside Rg1 derived from Panax notoginseng. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;87(8):3691-5. [Article]
- Lee Y, Jin Y, Lim W, Ji S, Choi S, Jang S, Lee S: A ginsenoside-Rh1, a component of ginseng saponin, activates estrogen receptor in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2003 Mar;84(4):463-8. [Article]
- McElhaney JE, Gravenstein S, Cole SK, Davidson E, O'neill D, Petitjean S, Rumble B, Shan JJ: A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Jan;52(1):13-9. [Article]
- Lewis WH, Zenger VE, Lynch RG: No adaptogen response of mice to ginseng and Eleutherococcus infusions. J Ethnopharmacol. 1983 Aug;8(2):209-14. [Article]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 46508934
- 325526
- PharmGKB
- PA164781150
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Ginseng
- MSDS
- Download (73.2 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / Pandemic, COVID-19 / Quality of Life (QOL) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Supportive Care Breast Neoplasms / Lung Neoplasm 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Treatment Depression / Stress (Psychology) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Not Available Healthy Volunteers (HV) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Treatment Cold Hypersensitivity 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Basic Drugs Inc.
- Contract Pharm
- CVS Pharmacy
- Equaline Vitamins
- Good Neighbour Pharmacy
- Mason Distributors
- Mckesson Corp.
- National Vitamin Company
- PharmAssure
- Pharmavite
- Rite Aid Corp.
- Tyler Encapsulations
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Liquid Intraocular Tablet, chewable Oral Liquid Oral 0.5 g/20mL Tablet Oral 40.000 mg Liquid Topical Oil Topical Capsule Oral 500 mg/500mg Powder Oral 90 g/90g Tablet Oral 500 mg/90000mg Bar, chewable Oral 75 g/75g Cream Cutaneous 5 g/80g Cream Dental Liquid Cutaneous Liquid Topical 24 g/100mL Granule Oral Liquid Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Tablet Oral 100 mg / tab Suspension Oral 200 mg Cream Cutaneous Gel Oral Liquid Cutaneous 7.5 mg/30mg Spray Cutaneous Oil Topical 46 mg/100mL Plaster Cutaneous Capsule Topical 5 g/100mg Solution Oral 2500 mg Patch Cutaneous Capsule Oral Capsule Oral 0.05 g/1 Paste Topical Liquid Oral 1300 mg / mL Tablet Oral 3000 mg / tab Tablet Oral 0.125 g/1 Tablet Oral 0.125 g/0.8g Tablet Oral 17.19 g/100g Powder Oral 5.67 g/100g Pill Oral 0.0567 g/1g Oil Topical 7 mg/100mL Liquid Topical 0.03 mg/1mL Solution Topical 0.03 mg/1mL Globule Oral Liquid Topical 0.5 g/100mL Cream Topical 0.5 g/100mL Emulsion Topical 0.5 g/100mL Patch Topical Liquid Topical 1 g/100mL Tablet Oral Capsule Oral 100 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit V-r panax ginseng 300 mg capsule 0.18USD capsule Ra ginseng 100 mg softgel 0.17USD softgel capsule Eql ginseng 100 mg caplet 0.15USD caplet Eql ginseng 100 mg softgel 0.15USD softgel capsule Korean ginseng 1000 mg tablet 0.14USD tablet Siberian ginseng 250 mg capsule 0.14USD capsule CVS Pharmacy ginseng 200 mg softgel 0.13USD softgel capsule Korean ginseng 518 mg cap 0.13USD capsule Korean ginseng 350 mg capsule 0.09USD capsule Ginseng 8 gr capsule 0.08USD capsule Siberian root 1000 mg capsule 0.08USD capsule Ginseng 250 mg capsule 0.07USD capsule Ra siberian ginseng 410 mg 0.05USD each Gnp ginseng root 410 mg capsule 0.04USD capsule DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Ligand-activated transcription factor that enables cells to adapt to changing conditions by sensing compounds from the environment, diet, microbiome and cellular metabolism, and which plays important roles in development, immunity and cancer (PubMed:23275542, PubMed:30373764, PubMed:32818467, PubMed:7961644). Upon ligand binding, translocates into the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with ARNT and induces transcription by binding to xenobiotic response elements (XRE) (PubMed:23275542, PubMed:30373764, PubMed:7961644). Regulates a variety of biological processes, including angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, drug and lipid metabolism, cell motility and immune modulation (PubMed:12213388). Xenobiotics can act as ligands: upon xenobiotic-binding, activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene) (PubMed:7961644). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PubMed:34521881, PubMed:7961644). Next to xenobiotics, natural ligands derived from plants, microbiota, and endogenous metabolism are potent AHR agonists (PubMed:18076143). Tryptophan (Trp) derivatives constitute an important class of endogenous AHR ligands (PubMed:32818467, PubMed:32866000). Acts as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity: indoles and kynurenic acid generated by Trp catabolism act as ligand and activate AHR, thereby promoting AHR-driven cancer cell motility and suppressing adaptive immunity (PubMed:32818467). Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1 (PubMed:28602820). Inhibits PER1 by repressing the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer mediated transcriptional activation of PER1 (PubMed:28602820). The heterodimer ARNT:AHR binds to core DNA sequence 5'-TGCGTG-3' within the dioxin response element (DRE) of target gene promoters and activates their transcription (PubMed:28602820)
- Specific Function
- cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
- Gene Name
- AHR
- Uniprot ID
- P35869
- Uniprot Name
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 96146.705 Da
References
- Wang Y, Ye X, Ma Z, Liang Q, Lu B, Tan H, Xiao C, Zhang B, Gao Y: Induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 expression by ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Dec 28;601(1-3):73-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.10.057. Epub 2008 Nov 11. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions in immunity, tissue regeneration, and metabolism. Binds to IL6R, then the complex associates to the signaling subunit IL6ST/gp130 to trigger the intracellular IL6-signaling pathway (Probable). The interaction with the membrane-bound IL6R and IL6ST stimulates 'classic signaling', whereas the binding of IL6 and soluble IL6R to IL6ST stimulates 'trans-signaling'. Alternatively, 'cluster signaling' occurs when membrane-bound IL6:IL6R complexes on transmitter cells activate IL6ST receptors on neighboring receiver cells (Probable)
- Specific Function
- cytokine activity
- Gene Name
- IL6
- Uniprot ID
- P05231
- Uniprot Name
- Interleukin-6
- Molecular Weight
- 23717.965 Da
References
- Kim DH, Moon YS, Lee TH, Jung JS, Suh HW, Song DK: The inhibitory effect of ginseng saponins on the stress-induced plasma interleukin-6 level in mice. Neurosci Lett. 2003 Dec 15;353(1):13-6. [Article]
- Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Yi BJ, Kang TH, An NH, Lee EH, Yang DC, Kim HM, Hong SH, Um JY: Transgenic Panax ginseng inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as COX-2 expression in human mast cells. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(2):329-39. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:19540099, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Yim HW, Jong HS, Kim TY, Choi HH, Kim SG, Song SH, Kim J, Ko SG, Lee JW, Kim TY, Bang YJ: Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibits novel ginseng metabolite-mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res. 2005 Mar 1;65(5):1952-60. [Article]
- Seo JY, Lee JH, Kim NW, Her E, Chang SH, Ko NY, Yoo YH, Kim JW, Seo DW, Han JW, Kim YM, Choi WS: Effect of a fermented ginseng extract, BST204, on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol. 2005 May;5(5):929-36. [Article]
- Kim SJ, Jeong HJ, Yi BJ, Kang TH, An NH, Lee EH, Yang DC, Kim HM, Hong SH, Um JY: Transgenic Panax ginseng inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as COX-2 expression in human mast cells. Am J Chin Med. 2007;35(2):329-39. [Article]
Drug created at July 13, 2007 20:21 / Updated at October 21, 2024 08:50