Indapamide

Identification

Summary

Indapamide is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension as well as edema due to congestive heart failure.

Brand Names
Coversyl
Generic Name
Indapamide
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00808
Background

The most significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the most prominent contributor to all-cause mortality is hypertension.17 Characterized by an office blood pressure of ≥140/90, hypertension is pervasive and impacts an estimated 25% of adults globally.17 Treatment for hypertension should include a number of lifestyle changes (ie. reduced sodium intake) along with pharmacotherapy - it should be noted that treatment with several antihypertensive agents may be required in order to achieve blood pressure targets.17

Thiazide-like diuretics such as indapamide are a valuable tool for the treatment of hypertension and continue to grow in popularity, falling behind only ACE inhibitors in terms of prescription frequency.16 When compared to hydrochlorothiazide (another commonly prescribed diuretic), indapamide has been shown to be superior at lowering systolic blood pressure, reducing left ventricular mass index, lowering oxidative stress, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and reducing microalbuminuria associated with diabetes.16 Interestingly, unlike thiazide diuretics, several sources suggest that indapamide is not associated with glucose or lipid disturbances.16,19

Indapamide is characterized by both a methylindoline and a sulfamoyl chlorobenzamide functional group, with the former being largely responsible for the molecule’s lipid solubility.18

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 365.835
Monoisotopic: 365.06008979
Chemical Formula
C16H16ClN3O3S
Synonyms
  • Indapamid
  • Indapamida
  • Indapamide
  • Indapamidum
  • Metindamide
External IDs
  • RHC 2555
  • S 1520
  • SE 1520
  • USV 2555

Pharmacology

Indication

Indapamide is a diuretic indicated for use as monotherapy or in combination with other blood pressure-lowering agents to treat hypertension.23 It may also be used to treat fluid and salt retention associated with congestive heart failure.23

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to manageHigh blood pressure (hypertension)••••••••••••••••••
Management ofHigh blood pressure (hypertension)••••••••••••••••••
Management ofNephrolithiasis recurrent••• •••••
Management ofSodium and fluid retention••••••••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Classified as a sulfonamide diuretic, indapamide is an effective antihypertensive agent and by extension, has shown efficacy in the prevention of target organ damage.2,3 Administration of indapamide produces water and electrolyte loss, with higher doses associated with increased diuresis.2,10 Severe and clinically significant electrolyte disturbances may occur with indapamide use - for example, hypokalemia resulting from renal potassium loss may lead to QTc prolongation.2,9 Further electrolyte imbalances may occur due to renal excretion of sodium, chloride, and magnesium.2,9,10

Other indapamide induced changes include increases in plasma renin and aldosterone, and reduced calcium excretion in the urine.2,11,15 In many studies investigating the effects of indapamide in both non-diabetic and diabetic hypertensive patients, glucose tolerance was not significantly altered.2 However, additional studies are necessary to assess the long term metabolic impacts of indapamide, since thiazide related impaired glucose tolerance can take several years to develop in non-diabetic patients.2

Mechanism of action

Indapamide acts on the nephron, specifically at the proximal segment of the distal convoluted tubule where it inhibits the Na+/Cl- cotransporter, leading to reduced sodium reabsorption.4,8 As a result, sodium and water are retained in the lumen of the nephron for urinary excretion.12 The effects that follow include reduced plasma volume, reduced venous return, lower cardiac output, and ultimately decreased blood pressure.8

Interestingly, it is likely that thiazide-like diuretics such as indapamide have additional blood pressure lowering mechanisms that are unrelated to diuresis.8 This is exemplified by the observation that the antihypertensive effects of thiazides are sustained 4-6 weeks after initiation of therapy, despite recovering plasma and extracellular fluid volumes.8

Some studies have suggested that indapamide may decrease responsiveness to pressor agents while others have suggested it can decrease peripheral resistance.2 Although it is clear that diuresis contributes to the antihypertensive effects of indapamide, further studies are needed to investigate the medication’s ability to decrease peripheral vascular resistance and relax vascular smooth muscle.2

TargetActionsOrganism
ASolute carrier family 12 member 3
inhibitor
Humans
Absorption

The bioavailability of indapamide is virtually complete after an oral dose and is unaffected by food or antacids.6,4 Indapamide is highly lipid-soluble due to its indoline moiety - a characteristic that likely explains why indapamide’s renal clearance makes up less than 10% of its total systemic clearance.2,6,4 The Tmax occurs approximately 2.3 hours after oral administration.6 The Cmax and AUC0-24 values are 263 ng/mL and 2.95 ug/hr/mL, respectively.6

Volume of distribution

Some sources report an apparent volume of distribution of 25 L for indapamide, while others report a value of approximately 60 L.6,4,13

Protein binding

Approximately 76-79% of indapamide is protein bound.2,6 Indapamide binds primarily to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and less significantly to serum albumin and lipoproteins.7 In the blood, indapamide is extensively and preferentially bound to erythrocytes.6,7,23

Metabolism

As a result of extensive metabolism in the liver, the majority of indapamide excreted is metabolized, with only 7% remaining unchanged.6 In humans, as many as 19 distinct indapamide metabolites may be produced, although not all have been identified.2,6

There are several metabolic routes through which indapamide may be metabolized, and CYP3A4 is the main enzyme involved in the corresponding hydroxylation, carboxylation, and dehydrogenation reactions.14

Indapamide can undergo dehydrogenation to form M5, then oxidation to form M4, then further hydroxylation at the indole moiety to form M2.5 These reactions are facilitated by CYP3A4.5

Another route of metabolism occurs when indapamide is first hydroxylated to M1 by CYP3A4.5 M1 then undergoes dehydrogenation to form M3 and is further oxidized to form M2.5 Hydroxylation of indapamide’s indole moiety is thought to form the major metabolite (M1), which is less pharmacologically active compared to its parent compound according to animal studies.6

Indapamide may also undergo epoxidation via CYP3A4 to form a reactive epoxide intermediate.5 The unstable epoxide intermediate may then undergo dihydroxylation via microsomal epoxide hydrolase to form M6, or glutathione conjugation to form M7.5

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

An estimated 60-70% of indapamide is eliminated in the urine, while 16-23% is eliminated in the feces.2

Half-life

Indapamide is characterized by biphasic elimination.6 In healthy subjects, indapamide's elimination half-life can range from 13.9 to 18 hours.2,4 The long half-life is conducive to once-daily dosing.6

Clearance

Indapamide's renal and hepatic clearance values are reported to be 1.71 mL/min and 20-23.4 mL/min, respectively.2

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Indapamide overdose symptoms may include but are not limited to nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal disorders, electrolyte disturbances and weakness.23 Other signs of overdose include respiratory depression and severe hypotension.23 In cases of overdose, supportive care interventions may be necessary to manage symptoms.23 Emesis and gastric lavage may be recommended to empty the stomach; however, patients should be monitored closely for any electrolyte or fluid imbalances.23

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Indapamide Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbacavirIndapamide may increase the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy.
AbaloparatideThe risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Indapamide is combined with Abaloparatide.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Indapamide can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AcarboseThe therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be decreased when used in combination with Indapamide.
AcebutololThe therapeutic efficacy of Indapamide can be increased when used in combination with Acebutolol.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol. Alcohol may potentiate orthostatic hypotension.
  • Increase consumption of potassium-rich foods. Indapamide my cause potassium depletion leading to hypokalemia.
  • Take with or without food.

Products

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Product Images
International/Other Brands
Arifon (Servier) / Bajaten (Merck) / Fludex (Servier) / Indamol (Teofarma) / Ipamix (Visufarma) / Natrilix (Servier) / Natrix (Kyoto Yakuhin) / Noranat (Sandoz) / Tandix (Azevedos) / Tertensif (Servier) / Veroxil (Baldacci)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
IndapamideTablet2.5 mgOralSanis Health Inc2015-10-142017-07-31Canada flag
IndapamideTablet1.25 mgOralSanis Health Inc2015-10-142017-07-31Canada flag
IndapamideTablet2.5 mgOralSanis Health IncNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Indapamide Hemihydrate 1.25mg - TabTablet1.25 mgOralProval Pharma Division Of Servier Canada Inc1997-08-142012-02-13Canada flag
Indapamide Hemihydrate Tab 2.5mgTablet2.5 mgOralProval Pharma Division Of Servier Canada Inc1995-12-312012-02-13Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo-indapamide 1.25 Mg TabletsTablet1.25 mgOralApotex Corporation2002-11-08Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-indapamide 2.5mg TabletsTablet2.5 mgOralApotex Corporation1996-10-02Not applicableCanada flag
Dom-indapamide Tablets 1.25mgTablet1.25 mgOralDominion Pharmacal1999-09-152018-10-10Canada flag
Dom-indapamide Tablets 2.5mgTablet2.5 mgOralDominion Pharmacal1999-09-152018-10-10Canada flag
IndapamideTablet, film coated1.25 mg/1Oralbryant ranch prepack2017-04-24Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ACEPER PLUS 2 MG/0.625 MG TABLET, 30 ADETIndapamide (0.625 mg) + Perindopril erbumine (2 mg)TabletOralGENVEON İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2020-08-14Not applicableTurkey flag
ACEPER PLUS 4 MG/1,25 MG TABLET, 30 ADETIndapamide (1.25 mg) + Perindopril (4 mg)TabletOralGENVEON İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2011-05-05Not applicableTurkey flag
Apo-perindopril-indapamideIndapamide (2.5 mg) + Perindopril erbumine (8 mg)TabletOralApotex Corporation2021-02-02Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-perindopril-indapamideIndapamide (0.625 mg) + Perindopril erbumine (2 mg)TabletOralApotex CorporationNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Apo-perindopril-indapamideIndapamide (1.25 mg) + Perindopril erbumine (4 mg)TabletOralApotex Corporation2021-02-02Not applicableCanada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
C03BA11 — IndapamideC09BX01 — Perindopril, amlodipine and indapamideG01AE10 — Combinations of sulfonamidesC10BX13 — Rosuvastatin, perindopril and indapamide
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzenesulfonamides. These are organic compounds containing a sulfonamide group that is S-linked to a benzene ring.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Benzenoids
Class
Benzene and substituted derivatives
Sub Class
Benzenesulfonamides
Direct Parent
Benzenesulfonamides
Alternative Parents
4-halobenzoic acids and derivatives / Benzenesulfonyl compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives / Chlorobenzenes / Organosulfonamides / Aryl chlorides / Aminosulfonyl compounds / Carboxylic acid hydrazides / Azacyclic compounds
show 6 more
Substituents
4-halobenzoic acid or derivatives / Aminosulfonyl compound / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Aryl chloride / Aryl halide / Azacycle / Benzenesulfonamide / Benzenesulfonyl group / Benzoic acid or derivatives / Benzoyl
show 21 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
sulfonamide, organochlorine compound, indoles (CHEBI:5893)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
F089I0511L
CAS number
26807-65-8
InChI Key
NDDAHWYSQHTHNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C16H16ClN3O3S/c1-10-8-11-4-2-3-5-14(11)20(10)19-16(21)12-6-7-13(17)15(9-12)24(18,22)23/h2-7,9-10H,8H2,1H3,(H,19,21)(H2,18,22,23)
IUPAC Name
4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide
SMILES
CC1CC2=CC=CC=C2N1NC(=O)C1=CC(=C(Cl)C=C1)S(N)(=O)=O

References

Synthesis Reference

Chunyi Yeh, Yi-Lung Wang, Ya-Sheng Yang, Ya-Ching Chang Chein, "Oral sustained-release pharmaceutical composition of indapamide, production and use thereof." U.S. Patent US20060182803, issued August 17, 2006.

US20060182803
General References
  1. Dong DL, Wang QH, Yue P, Jiao JD, Gu RM, Yang BF: Indapamide induces apoptosis of GH3 pituitary cells independently of its inhibition of voltage-dependent K+ currents. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 24;536(1-2):78-84. Epub 2006 Mar 2. [Article]
  2. Chaffman M, Heel RC, Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS: Indapamide. A review of its pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic efficacy in hypertension. Drugs. 1984 Sep;28(3):189-235. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198428030-00001. [Article]
  3. Bataillard A, Schiavi P, Sassard J: Pharmacological properties of indapamide. Rationale for use in hypertension. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999;37 Suppl 1:7-12. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199937001-00002. [Article]
  4. Thomas JR: A review of 10 years of experience with indapamide as an antihypertensive agent. Hypertension. 1985 Nov-Dec;7(6 Pt 2):II152-6. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.7.6_pt_2.ii152. [Article]
  5. Sun H, Moore C, Dansette PM, Kumar S, Halpert JR, Yost GS: Dehydrogenation of the indoline-containing drug 4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-1-indolinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide (indapamide) by CYP3A4: correlation with in silico predictions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Mar;37(3):672-84. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.022707. Epub 2008 Dec 12. [Article]
  6. Caruso FS, Szabadi RR, Vukovich RA: Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of indapamide. Am Heart J. 1983 Jul;106(1 Pt 2):212-20. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(83)90119-9. [Article]
  7. Urien S, Riant P, Renouard A, Coulomb B, Rocher I, Tillement JP: Binding of indapamide to serum proteins and erythrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Aug 1;37(15):2963-6. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90282-1. [Article]
  8. Duarte JD, Cooper-DeHoff RM: Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Jun;8(6):793-802. doi: 10.1586/erc.10.27. [Article]
  9. Yong TY, Huang JE, Lau SY, Li JY: Severe hyponatremia and other electrolyte disturbances associated with indapamide. Curr Drug Saf. 2011 Jul;6(3):134-7. doi: 10.2174/157488611797579249. [Article]
  10. Burke TJ, Nobles EM, Wolf PS, Erickson AL: Effect of indapamide on volume-dependent hypertension, renal haemodynamics, solute excretion and proximal nephron fractional reabsorption in the dog. Curr Med Res Opin. 1983;8 Suppl 3:25-37. doi: 10.1185/03007998309109833. [Article]
  11. Ceylan K, Topal C, Erkoc R, Sayarlioglu H, Can S, Yilmaz Y, Dogan E, Algun E, Gonulalan H: Effect of indapamide on urinary calcium excretion in patients with and without urinary stone disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2005 Jun;39(6):1034-8. doi: 10.1345/aph.1E544. Epub 2005 Apr 19. [Article]
  12. Akbari P, Khorasani-Zadeh A: Thiazide Diuretics . [Article]
  13. Beermann B, Grind M: Clinical pharmacokinetics of some newer diuretics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1987 Oct;13(4):254-66. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198713040-00003. [Article]
  14. Zisaki A, Miskovic L, Hatzimanikatis V: Antihypertensive drugs metabolism: an update to pharmacokinetic profiles and computational approaches. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(6):806-22. [Article]
  15. Danielsen H, Pedersen EB, Spencer ES: Effect of indapamide on the renin-aldosterone system, and urinary excretion of potassium and calcium in essential hypertension. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984 Aug;18(2):229-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02458.x. [Article]
  16. Roush GC, Sica DA: Diuretics for Hypertension: A Review and Update. Am J Hypertens. 2016 Oct;29(10):1130-7. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpw030. Epub 2016 Apr 5. [Article]
  17. Oparil S, Acelajado MC, Bakris GL, Berlowitz DR, Cifkova R, Dominiczak AF, Grassi G, Jordan J, Poulter NR, Rodgers A, Whelton PK: Hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Mar 22;4:18014. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.14. [Article]
  18. Mroczek WJ: Indapamide: clinical pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy in hypertension, and adverse effects. Pharmacotherapy. 1983 Mar-Apr;3(2 Pt 1):61-7. [Article]
  19. Kuo SW, Pei-Dee, Hung YJ, Hsieh AT, Wu LY, Hsieh CH, He CT, Yang TC, Lian WC: Effect of indapamide SR in the treatment of hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Am J Hypertens. 2003 Aug;16(8):623-8. doi: 10.1016/s0895-7061(03)00896-3. [Article]
  20. Lukasz Komsta, Monika Waksmundzka-Hajnos, Joseph Sherma (2014). Thin Layer Chromatography in Drug Analysis. Taylor & Francis.
  21. Thiazide Diruetics in Hypertension- European Journal of Cardiology [Link]
  22. Significant Drug–Drug Interactions with Antineoplastics [Link]
  23. FDA Approved Drug Products: Lozol (Indapamide) [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014946
KEGG Drug
D00345
PubChem Compound
3702
PubChem Substance
46508626
ChemSpider
3574
BindingDB
25901
RxNav
5764
ChEBI
5893
ChEMBL
CHEMBL406
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000498
PharmGKB
PA449975
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth
PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia
Indapamide
FDA label
Download (322 KB)
MSDS
Download (72.7 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedTreatmentHypertension2
4CompletedTreatmentHypertension / Impaired Renal Function1
4CompletedTreatmentHypertension / Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus2
4Not Yet RecruitingTreatmentPharmacogenomics1
4RecruitingOtherHypertension, Essential Hypertension1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Actavis elizabeth llc
  • Alphapharm party ltd
  • Cadista pharmaceuticals inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Sanofi aventis us llc
Packagers
  • Actavis Group
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Alphapharm Party Ltd.
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Arcola Laboratories
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Caremark LLC
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Inyx Usa Ltd.
  • Ivax Pharmaceuticals
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Novopharm Ltd.
  • Par Pharmaceuticals
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Qualitest
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
  • Servier Canada Inc.
  • UDL Laboratories
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Tablet, coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral0.625 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral1.25 mg
TabletOral1.25 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, sugar coatedOral2.5 mg
CapsuleOral
PillOral
Tablet, coatedOral
CapsuleOral2.5 MG
TabletOral1.25 mg/1
TabletOral2.5 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral1.25 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral2.5 mg/1
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral1.5 mg
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral
PillOral2.5 mg
TabletOral2.5 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral2.5 mg
TabletOral
Tablet, extended releaseOral1.5 mg
Tablet, extended release; tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral
Tablet, film coatedOral1.5 mg
Tablet, extended releaseOral
TabletOral
Tablet, delayed releaseOral
Tablet, multilayer, extended releaseOral
CapsuleOral
Tablet, film coated, extended releaseOral
TabletOral1.25 mg
TabletOral0.625 mg
TabletOral1.5 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral5 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral10 mg
Tablet, coatedOral2.5 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Indapamide 2.5 mg tablet0.85USD tablet
Indapamide 1.25 mg tablet0.69USD tablet
Lozide 2.5 mg Tablet0.55USD tablet
Apo-Indapamide 2.5 mg Tablet0.31USD tablet
Mylan-Indapamide 2.5 mg Tablet0.31USD tablet
Novo-Indapamide 2.5 mg Tablet0.31USD tablet
Nu-Indapamide 2.5 mg Tablet0.31USD tablet
Pms-Indapamide 2.5 mg Tablet0.31USD tablet
Apo-Indapamide 1.25 mg Tablet0.2USD tablet
Mylan-Indapamide 1.25 mg Tablet0.2USD tablet
Pms-Indapamide 1.25 mg Tablet0.2USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)160-162https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AAJ6384603&productDescription=INDAPAMIDE+1G&vendorId=VN00024248&countryCode=US&language=en
pKa8.8FDA Label
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0342 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.52ALOGPS
logP2.64Chemaxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.85Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)0.097Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area92.5 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count3Chemaxon
Refractivity103.31 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability36.34 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.8868
Caco-2 permeable-0.5529
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.6859
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.9158
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9179
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.8575
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.5265
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7924
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.519
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.582
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.5775
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8151
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6572
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8309
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7471
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6869
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.7674
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9862
Rat acute toxicity2.0823 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.986
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8804
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-014i-4593000000-5ea2b9ed9ba04df04bf7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-1900000000-861314def0ccc019ac04
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0009000000-ed04e0a5871badc8b166
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-1729000000-15aecb441ef4febfe526
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-2910000000-b72aeba8db62ebdf9c17
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004r-6900000000-f819fedd1ac654d46dd4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9300000000-164a2972880c967d2195
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-9100000000-d18afa355f919614b652
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-01t9-9000000000-9d9e98925e9105738992
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-03fr-9000000000-5e7568f4efd1730f47b9
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-9000000000-ecfffadaaa03b447eaf5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0904000000-530b78f6cae834e11768
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0900000000-235673a939e2e7d8c5e3
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0159-0900000000-a843660d42ffb01666fe
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0900000000-cfee205b361c580e3631
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00lr-0900000000-a6d8ff4d769ea09e8073
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0901000000-a76c5fd366807c180552
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0900000000-574a71dcc7f0b3f74693
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-1900000000-ab046a8849c404d9b308
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00l6-4900000000-93f1cc6465f329fd111e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00kf-8900000000-0e98ece38603802699f7
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014l-9600000000-c7e6e85faab95871c46d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014l-9300000000-d9a4af4e617331f29e98
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014l-9100000000-60cb951d344ed0385fc6
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014u-9000000000-d07d645a1ccd383e7a1b
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-1900000000-861314def0ccc019ac04
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-2900000000-10b16fdb4047a076cc32
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0009000000-8a42a22e547b165db51d
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03di-0009000000-dbefafb846a28f1d5673
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00l2-0809000000-f8cc3f9df7e5675ae7dd
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03ds-3619000000-ec5895822ba6be862dfa
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-2951000000-b089b92af5ca660e1dba
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00o0-5911000000-6d701bcb836ecbd9eccc
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-191.0785226
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-175.25708
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+190.9374226
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+177.61508
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+190.4182226
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+183.89912
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Transporter activity
Specific Function
Key mediator of sodium and chloride reabsorption in this nephron segment, accounting for a significant fraction of renal sodium reabsorption.
Gene Name
SLC12A3
Uniprot ID
P55017
Uniprot Name
Solute carrier family 12 member 3
Molecular Weight
113138.04 Da
References
  1. Ma F, Lin F, Chen C, Cheng J, Zeldin DC, Wang Y, Wang DW: Indapamide lowers blood pressure by increasing production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the kidney. Mol Pharmacol. 2013 Aug;84(2):286-95. doi: 10.1124/mol.113.085878. Epub 2013 May 31. [Article]
  2. Tamargo J, Segura J, Ruilope LM: Diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Part 1: thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014 Mar;15(4):527-47. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.879118. Epub 2014 Jan 20. [Article]
  3. Duarte JD, Cooper-DeHoff RM: Mechanisms for blood pressure lowering and metabolic effects of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Jun;8(6):793-802. doi: 10.1586/erc.10.27. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Sun H, Moore C, Dansette PM, Kumar S, Halpert JR, Yost GS: Dehydrogenation of the indoline-containing drug 4-chloro-N-(2-methyl-1-indolinyl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide (indapamide) by CYP3A4: correlation with in silico predictions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2009 Mar;37(3):672-84. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.022707. Epub 2008 Dec 12. [Article]
  2. Zisaki A, Miskovic L, Hatzimanikatis V: Antihypertensive drugs metabolism: an update to pharmacokinetic profiles and computational approaches. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(6):806-22. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Biotransformation enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of arene and aliphatic epoxides to less reactive and more water soluble dihydrodiols by the trans addition of water (By similarity). May play a role in the metabolism of endogenous lipids such as epoxide-containing fatty acids (PubMed:22798687).
Specific Function
Cis-stilbene-oxide hydrolase activity
Gene Name
EPHX1
Uniprot ID
P07099
Uniprot Name
Epoxide hydrolase 1
Molecular Weight
52948.48 Da
References
  1. Zisaki A, Miskovic L, Hatzimanikatis V: Antihypertensive drugs metabolism: an update to pharmacokinetic profiles and computational approaches. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(6):806-22. [Article]

Carriers

Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Not Available
Specific Function
Functions as transport protein in the blood stream. Binds various ligands in the interior of its beta-barrel domain. Also binds synthetic drugs and influences their distribution and availability in...

Components:
References
  1. Urien S, Riant P, Renouard A, Coulomb B, Rocher I, Tillement JP: Binding of indapamide to serum proteins and erythrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Aug 1;37(15):2963-6. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90282-1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Toxic substance binding
Specific Function
Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs. Its main function is the regulation of the colloid...
Gene Name
ALB
Uniprot ID
P02768
Uniprot Name
Serum albumin
Molecular Weight
69365.94 Da
References
  1. Urien S, Riant P, Renouard A, Coulomb B, Rocher I, Tillement JP: Binding of indapamide to serum proteins and erythrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Aug 1;37(15):2963-6. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90282-1. [Article]
3. Erythrocyte
Kind
Group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
Erythrocytes are also known as red blood cells.
References
  1. Urien S, Riant P, Renouard A, Coulomb B, Rocher I, Tillement JP: Binding of indapamide to serum proteins and erythrocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Aug 1;37(15):2963-6. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(88)90282-1. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48