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Identification
- Summary
Chromic chloride is a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
- Brand Names
- Multitrace-4, Multitrace-5
- Generic Name
- Chromic chloride
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB09129
- Background
Chromic chloride, for injection, is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution intended for use as an additive to solutions for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Chromic chloride (DB09129)
- Weight
- Average: 158.355
Monoisotopic: 156.847070025 - Chemical Formula
- Cl3Cr
- Synonyms
- anhydrous chromium(III) chloride
- Chromium chloride
- Chromium trichloride
- chromium(3+) trichloride
- Chromium(III) chloride
- Puratronic chromium chloride
- Trichlorochromium
Pharmacology
- Indication
For use as a supplement to intravenous solutions given for total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
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- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Trivalent chromium is part of glucose tolerance factor, an essential activator of insulin-mediated reactions. Chromium helps to maintain normal glucose metabolism and peripheral nerve function. Providing chromium during TPN helps prevent deficiency symptoms including impaired glucose tolerance, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and a confusional state similar to mild/moderate hepatic encephalopathy.
- Mechanism of action
Metallic chromium has no biological activity. Chromium is referred as a glucose tolerance factor. This glucose tolerance factor is a complex of molecules. Glycine, cysteine, glutamic acid and nicotinic acid along with chromium form this complex.
Target Actions Organism AInsulin receptor activatorHumans - Absorption
Chromium absorption can increase with exercise.
- Volume of distribution
Chromium is stored in liver, spleen, soft tissue and bone.
- Protein binding
Chromic chloride-induced binding of protein to red cells.
- Metabolism
The metabolism of chromic chloride hexahydrate in guinea pigs for 60 days after intratracheal injection of 200 ug Cr 10 min after injection, 69% of the dose remained in the lungs, & only 4% was found in the blood & liver, kidneys, spleen. By 24 hr, 45% was still in the lungs, 6% was excreted in the urine, & only a very small % was found in the other tissues. The spleen was the only tissue that showed accumulation & that occurred during the 1st 48 hr.
- Route of elimination
Most absorbed chromium is excreted rapidly in the urine, whereas unabsorbed chromium is excreted through feces.
- Half-life
31- 41 hours
- Clearance
Not Available
- Adverse Effects
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Reported toxic reactions to chromium include nausea, vomiting, ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract, renal and hepatic damage, convulsions and coma. The acute LD50 for intravenous trivalent chromium in rats was reported as 10 to 18 mg/kg.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Abacavir may decrease the excretion rate of Chromic chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Aceclofenac Aceclofenac may decrease the excretion rate of Chromic chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acemetacin Acemetacin may decrease the excretion rate of Chromic chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acetaminophen Acetaminophen may decrease the excretion rate of Chromic chloride which could result in a higher serum level. Acetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the excretion rate of Chromic chloride which could result in a lower serum level and potentially a reduction in efficacy. - Food Interactions
- Administer vitamin supplements. Niacin (from food or supplements) may increase the absorption of chromium.
- Take with foods containing vitamin C. Vitamin C may increase the oral absorption of chromium/chromic chloride.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Chromic chloride hexahydrate KB1PCR9DMW 10060-12-5 LJAOOBNHPFKCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-K - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Chromic cation ionic X1N4508KF1 16065-83-1 BFGKITSFLPAWGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Chromic Chloride Injection, solution 20.5 ug/1mL Intravenous AMERICAN REGENT, INC. 1990-09-30 2012-04-01 US 
Chromium Injection, solution 4 ug/1mL Intravenous Hospira, Inc. 2016-04-27 Not applicable US Chromium Chromic Chloride Injection, solution 4 ug/1mL Intravenous HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst 2019-10-18 Not applicable US Micro CR Solution 4 mcg / mL Intravenous Sandoz S.P.A. 1993-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
- Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Actichrom Tablet 200 mcg Oral Nutraceutical Corporation Not applicable Not applicable Canada Chromatone - Tab 100mcg Tablet 100 mcg Oral Abundance Naturally Ltd 1996-08-29 2009-07-23 Canada Chromium Gtf Tab 500mcg Tablet 500 mcg Oral Vita Health Products Inc 1995-12-31 2009-08-06 Canada Formula L.L. Capsule 75 mcg / cap Oral Nutrition For Life International 1998-11-30 1999-08-11 Canada Gtf Chromium Tablet 200 mcg Oral Seroyal International Inc. 1988-12-31 2009-07-06 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image ADDAMEL INFUSION N Chromic chloride hexahydrate (53.3 mcg) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (3.4 mg) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (5.4 mg) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (990 mcg) + Potassium Iodide (166 mcg) + Sodium selenite pentahydrate (105 mcg) + Sodium fluoride (2.1 mg) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (48.5 mcg) + Zinc chloride (13.6 mg) Solution, concentrate Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2006-11-10 2009-05-08 Colombia 
ADDAMEL N Chromic chloride (5.33 mcg/mL) + Cupric Chloride (0.34 mg/mL) + Ferric chloride (0.54 mg/mL) + Manganese chloride (0.099 mg/mL) + Potassium Iodide (16.6 mcg/mL) + Sodium selenite (6.9 mcg/mL) + Sodium fluoride (0.21 mg/mL) + Sodium molybdate (4.85 mcg/mL) + Zinc chloride (1.36 mg/mL) Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2020-09-08 2024-02-24 Malaysia 
ADDAMEL N Chromic chloride hexahydrate (5.33 mcg/ml) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (0.1 mg/ml) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (0.54 mg/ml) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (19.8 mcg/ml) + Potassium Iodide (16.6 mcg/ml) + Sodium selenite (17.3 mcg/ml) + Sodium fluoride (0.21 mg/ml) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (4.85 mcg/ml) + Zinc chloride (1.05 mg/ml) Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2014-07-08 2020-05-12 Italy 
ADDAMEL N FOR INFUSION Chromic chloride hexahydrate (5.33 mcg/ml) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (0.34 mg/ml) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (0.54 mg/ml) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (99 mcg/ml) + Potassium Iodide (16.6 mcg/ml) + Sodium selenite (6.9 mcg/ml) + Sodium fluoride (0.21 mg/ml) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (4.85 mcg/ml) + Zinc chloride (1.36 mg/ml) Injection Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 1992-01-31 Not applicable Singapore 
ADDAVEN CONCENTRATE FOR SOLUTION FOR INFUSION Chromic chloride hexahydrate (5.33 mcg/ml) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (102.3 mcg/ml) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (540 mcg/ml) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (19.79 mcg/ml) + Potassium Iodide (16.6 mcg/ml) + Sodium selenite (17.29 mcg/ml) + Sodium fluoride (210 mcg/ml) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (4.85 mcg/ml) + Zinc chloride (1050 mcg/ml) Solution Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2017-07-24 Not applicable Singapore - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Addamel N Chromic chloride hexahydrate (1 ug/1mL) + Cuprous chloride (0.13 mg/1mL) + Ferric chloride (0.11 mg/1mL) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (0.027 mg/1mL) + Potassium Iodide (0.013 mg/1mL) + Sodium selenite (3.2 ug/1mL) + Sodium fluoride (0.095 mg/1mL) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (1.9 ug/1mL) + Zinc chloride (0.65 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Fresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L. 2013-05-07 2017-03-31 US ADDAMEL N 20 AMPUL Chromic chloride (53.3 mcg/10mL) + Cupric Chloride (3.4 mg/10mL) + Ferric chloride (5.4 mg/10mL) + Manganese chloride (990 mcg/10mL) + Potassium Iodide (166 mcg/10mL) + Sodium selenite (69 mcg/10mL) + Sodium fluoride (2.1 mg/10mL) + Sodium molybdate (48.5 mcg/10mL) + Zinc chloride (13.6 mg/10mL) Injection, solution Intravenous FRESENİUS KABİ İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ. 2019-04-30 Not applicable Turkey 
ADDAVEN IV INFUZYON ICIN KONSANTRE SOLUSYON Chromic chloride (53.3 mcg/10mL) + Cupric Chloride (1.02 mg/10mL) + Ferric chloride (5.4 mg/10mL) + Manganese chloride (198 mcg/10mL) + Potassium Iodide (166 mcg/10mL) + Sodium selenite (173 mcg/10mL) + Sodium fluoride (2.1 mg/10mL) + Sodium molybdate (48.5 mcg/10mL) + Zinc chloride (10.5 mg/10mL) Injection, solution Intravenous FRESENİUS KABİ İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ. 2016-09-06 Not applicable Turkey Chromic Chloride Chromic chloride hexahydrate (20.5 ug/1mL) Injection, solution Intravenous AMERICAN REGENT, INC. 1990-09-30 2012-04-01 US Megavite Rx Chromic chloride hexahydrate (0.1 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (500 mg/1) + Biotin (150 ug/1) + Cupric oxide (3 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (50 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Ferrous fumarate (27 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Lemon (50 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (50 mg/1) + Manganese cation (5 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (100 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (25 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) + Riboflavin (20 mg/1) + Selenomethionine Se-75 (50 ug/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (20 mg/1) + Vitamin A acetate (2000 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (22.5 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2009-06-01 2010-03-31 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal chlorides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Chlorine, and the heaviest metal atom is a transition metal.
- Kingdom
- Inorganic compounds
- Super Class
- Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
- Class
- Transition metal salts
- Sub Class
- Transition metal chlorides
- Direct Parent
- Transition metal chlorides
- Alternative Parents
- Inorganic chloride salts
- Substituents
- Inorganic chloride salt / Inorganic salt / Transition metal chloride
- Molecular Framework
- Not Available
- External Descriptors
- chromium chloride (CHEBI:53351)
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- Z310X5O5RP
- CAS number
- 10025-73-7
- InChI Key
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K
- InChI
- InChI=1S/3ClH.Cr/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
- IUPAC Name
- chromium(3+) ion trichloride
- SMILES
- [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3]
References
- General References
- External Links
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
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Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Solution, concentrate Intravenous Injection Intravenous 5.33 mcg/ml Injection, solution Intravenous drip Solution Intravenous 5.33 mcg/ml Tablet Oral 100 mcg Capsule Oral Injection, solution Intravenous 20.5 ug/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 4 ug/1mL Tablet Oral 500 mcg Tablet, coated Oral Capsule Oral 75 mcg / cap Tablet Oral 200 mcg Capsule Oral 200 mcg / cap Tablet, film coated Oral Solution Intravenous 4 mcg / mL Injection, solution, concentrate Intravenous Injection, solution Intravenous Liquid Oral 100 mcg / 15 mL Solution Intravenous 0.053 mg/10ml Liquid Oral Tablet Oral 100 mcg / tab Tablet Oral Solution Oral 200 mcg / 15 mL Liquid Oral 150 mcg / 15 mL Liquid Intravenous Solution Intravenous - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 5.83 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 2.09 ALOGPS logP 0.61 Chemaxon logS -1.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) -7 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 0 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 0 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 0 Chemaxon Refractivity 5.62 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 2.39 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 0 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule Yes Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosine residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway, which is responsible for most of the metabolic actions of insulin, and the Ras-MAPK pathway, which regulates expression of some genes and cooperates with the PI3K pathway to control cell growth and differentiation. Binding of the SH2 domains of PI3K to phosphotyrosines on IRS1 leads to the activation of PI3K and the generation of phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4, 5)-triphosphate (PIP3), a lipid second messenger, which activates several PIP3-dependent serine/threonine kinases, such as PDPK1 and subsequently AKT/PKB. The net effect of this pathway is to produce a translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the cell membrane to facilitate glucose transport. Moreover, upon insulin stimulation, activated AKT/PKB is responsible for: anti-apoptotic effect of insulin by inducing phosphorylation of BAD; regulates the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes by controlling the activity of the winged helix or forkhead (FOX) class of transcription factors. Another pathway regulated by PI3K-AKT/PKB activation is mTORC1 signaling pathway which regulates cell growth and metabolism and integrates signals from insulin. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 thereby activating mTORC1 pathway. The Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway is mainly involved in mediating cell growth, survival and cellular differentiation of insulin. Phosphorylated IRS1 recruits GRB2/SOS complex, which triggers the activation of the Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway. In addition to binding insulin, the insulin receptor can bind insulin-like growth factors (IGFI and IGFII). Isoform Short has a higher affinity for IGFII binding. When present in a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, binds IGF1. PubMed:12138094 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1, with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin, and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2 and insulin. In contrast, PubMed:16831875 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics, both bind IGF1 and have a low affinity for insulin. In adipocytes, inhibits lipolysis (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- amyloid-beta binding
- Gene Name
- INSR
- Uniprot ID
- P06213
- Uniprot Name
- Insulin receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 156331.465 Da
References
- Pubchem [Link]
Drug created at September 29, 2015 17:05 / Updated at October 13, 2024 00:21