Potassium Iodide

Identification

Summary

Potassium Iodide is an oral antithyroid agent used for the prevention of radioactive iodine uptake into the thyroid gland during a nuclear radiation emergency.

Brand Names
Iosat, Pregvit, Thyrosafe, Thyroshield, Xylocaine With Epinephrine
Generic Name
Potassium Iodide
DrugBank Accession Number
DB06715
Background

Saturated solution of Potassium Iodide (SSKI) is used pharmaceutically for emergency use in patients experiencing acute symptoms of severe hyperthyroidism (also known as thyroid storm or thyrotoxic crisis). SSKI can also be used for radioiodine-contamination emergencies or in preparation of thyrotoxic patients for thyroidectomy.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 166.0028
Monoisotopic: 165.868175281
Chemical Formula
IK
Synonyms
  • Kaliumiodid
  • KI
  • Potasio ioduro
  • Potassium Iodide
External IDs
  • NSC-77362

Pharmacology

Indication

Potassium Iodide is oral antithyroid agent used in the prevention of radioactive iodine uptake into the thyroid gland during a nuclear radiation emergency. Potassium Iodide may be used as an adjunct to other antithyroid agents in the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis and preoperatively to induce thyroid involution.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination to preventFolate deficiencyCombination Product in combination with: Ferrous fumarate (DB14491), Folic acid (DB00158)••• ••••••••••• •••••
Used as adjunct in combination to preventGoitreCombination Product in combination with: Levothyroxine (DB00451)••••••••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatGoitreCombination Product in combination with: Levothyroxine (DB00451)••••••••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatHypothyroidismCombination Product in combination with: Levothyroxine (DB00451)••••••••••••••••••
Used in combination to treatIodine deficiencyCombination Product in combination with: Iodine (DB05382)••• •••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

It works in the thyroid gland. By inhibiting thyroid hormone synthesis and release, thyroid gland vascularity is reduced, thyroid gland tissue becomes firmer, thyroid cell size is reduced, follicular colloid reaccumulates, and bound iodine levels increase. As a protectant following radiation exposure, KI blocks the uptake of radioactive iodine isotopes by the thyroid gland thereby minimizing the risk of radiation-induced thyroid neoplasms.

Mechanism of action
TargetActionsOrganism
UTyrosine
binder
Humans
Absorption

Not Available

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism
Not Available
Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Not Available

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbciximabPotassium Iodide may increase the anticoagulant activities of Abciximab.
AcalabrutinibThe therapeutic efficacy of Potassium Iodide can be decreased when used in combination with Acalabrutinib.
AcebutololPotassium Iodide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acebutolol.
AceclofenacPotassium Iodide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Aceclofenac.
AcemetacinPotassium Iodide may increase the hyperkalemic activities of Acemetacin.
Food Interactions
No interactions found.

Products

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Active Moieties
NameKindUNIICASInChI Key
Potassium cationionic295O53K15224203-36-9NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Iodideionic09G4I6V86Q20461-54-5XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Potassium IodideSolution1 g/1mLOralLaser Pharmaceuticals Inc.2022-06-15Not applicableUS flag
Potassium IodideSolution1 g/1mLOralNivagen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.2021-12-29Not applicableUS flag
SskiSolution1 g/1mLOralAvondale Pharmaceuticals, Llc2017-11-13Not applicableUS flag
SskiSolution1 g/1mLOralAtlantic Biologicals Corp.2017-11-13Not applicableUS flag
SskiSolution1 g/1mLOralUpsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC1973-04-302019-06-30US flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
IodineCapsule0.22 mgOralThorne Research Inc.1997-09-092006-08-04Canada flag
Iodine Ctr Srt 300mgTablet, extended release300 mcg / tabOralBioenergy Inc.1979-12-311998-06-03Canada flag
Iodine Tab 0.5mgTablet.5 mg / tabOralCreative Nutrition Canada Corp.1986-12-311998-07-16Canada flag
IosatTablet130 mg/1OralAnbex Inc.1982-10-14Not applicableUS flag
IosatTablet65 mg/1OralAnbex Inc.2013-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
24 Multivitamins + MineralsPotassium Iodide (.1 mg) + Ascorbic acid (150 mg) + Beta carotene (10000 unit) + Biotin (25 mcg) + Calcium (130 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Choline bitartrate (25 mg) + Chromium (20 mcg) + Copper (1 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Ferrous fumarate (15 mg) + Folic acid (.8 mg) + Inositol (25 mg) + Magnesium (65 mg) + Manganese (2 mg) + Molybdenum (20 mcg) + Niacin (25 mg) + Calcium pantothenate (25 mg) + Potassium (15 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Racemethionine (25 mg) + Riboflavin (25 mg) + Selenium (20 mcg) + Thiamine hydrochloride (25 mg) + Vanadium (20 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (5000 unit) + Vitamin E (50 unit) + Zinc (10 mg)TabletOralStanley Pharmaceuticals, A Division Of Vita Health Products Inc.1997-04-302002-07-31Canada flag
50 Plus Multiple Vitamins & MineralsPotassium Iodide (0.15 mg) + Ascorbic acid (90 mg) + Biotin (45 mcg) + Calcium (200 mg) + Cholecalciferol (400 unit) + Chromium (10 mcg) + Copper (2 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (25 mcg) + Folic acid (0.4 mg) + Magnesium (100 mg) + Manganese (5 mg) + Molybdenum (25 mcg) + Nicotinamide (40 mg) + Pantothenic acid (10 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg) + Riboflavin (3.2 mg) + Selenium (25 mcg) + Thiamine mononitrate (2.25 mg) + Vanadium (10 mcg) + Vitamin A palmitate (6000 unit) + Zinc (15 mg)TabletOralGfr Pharma Ltd.2002-10-202004-06-15Canada flag
ADDAMEL INFUSION NPotassium Iodide (166 mcg) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (53.3 mcg) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (3.4 mg) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (5.4 mg) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (990 mcg) + Sodium selenite pentahydrate (105 mcg) + Sodium fluoride (2.1 mg) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (48.5 mcg) + Zinc chloride (13.6 mg)Solution, concentrateIntravenousFRESENIUS KABI COLOMBIA S.A.S.2006-11-102009-05-08Colombia flag
ADDAMEL NPotassium Iodide (16.6 mcg/ml) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (5.33 mcg/ml) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (0.1 mg/ml) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (0.54 mg/ml) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (19.8 mcg/ml) + Sodium selenite (17.3 mcg/ml) + Sodium fluoride (0.21 mg/ml) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (4.85 mcg/ml) + Zinc chloride (1.05 mg/ml)Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenousFresenius Kabi Italia S.R.L.2014-07-082020-05-12Italy flag
ADDAMEL N FOR INFUSIONPotassium Iodide (16.6 mcg/ml) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (5.33 mcg/ml) + Cupric chloride dihydrate (0.34 mg/ml) + Ferric chloride hexahydrate (0.54 mg/ml) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (99 mcg/ml) + Sodium selenite (6.9 mcg/ml) + Sodium fluoride (0.21 mg/ml) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (4.85 mcg/ml) + Zinc chloride (1.36 mg/ml)InjectionIntravenousFRESENIUS KABI (SINGAPORE) PTE LTD1992-01-31Not applicableSingapore flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
AbavitePotassium Iodide (0.25 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (60 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (0.025 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (13.5 mg/1) + Ferrous sulfate (30 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Mecobalamin (0.5 mg/1) + Niacin (15 mg/1) + Calcium pantothenate (5 mg/1) + Riboflavin (1.8 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.6 mg/1) + Vitamin A palmitate (0.33 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (15 mg/1)TabletOralABACOS HEALTH2021-03-31Not applicableUS flag
Addamel NPotassium Iodide (0.013 mg/1mL) + Chromic chloride hexahydrate (1 ug/1mL) + Cuprous chloride (0.13 mg/1mL) + Ferric chloride (0.11 mg/1mL) + Manganese chloride tetrahydrate (0.027 mg/1mL) + Sodium selenite (3.2 ug/1mL) + Sodium fluoride (0.095 mg/1mL) + Sodium molybdate dihydrate (1.9 ug/1mL) + Zinc chloride (0.65 mg/1mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousFresenius Kabi USA, LLC2013-05-072017-03-31US flag
ADDAMEL N 20 AMPULPotassium Iodide (166 mcg/10mL) + Chromic chloride (53.3 mcg/10mL) + Cupric Chloride (3.4 mg/10mL) + Ferric chloride (5.4 mg/10mL) + Manganese chloride (990 mcg/10mL) + Sodium selenite (69 mcg/10mL) + Sodium fluoride (2.1 mg/10mL) + Sodium molybdate (48.5 mcg/10mL) + Zinc chloride (13.6 mg/10mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousFRESENİUS KABİ İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.2019-04-30Not applicableTurkey flag
ADDAVEN IV INFUZYON ICIN KONSANTRE SOLUSYONPotassium Iodide (166 mcg/10mL) + Chromic chloride (53.3 mcg/10mL) + Cupric Chloride (1.02 mg/10mL) + Ferric chloride (5.4 mg/10mL) + Manganese chloride (198 mcg/10mL) + Sodium selenite (173 mcg/10mL) + Sodium fluoride (2.1 mg/10mL) + Sodium molybdate (48.5 mcg/10mL) + Zinc chloride (10.5 mg/10mL)Injection, solutionIntravenousFRESENİUS KABİ İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.2016-09-062022-11-10Turkey flag
BumP DHAPotassium Iodide (250 ug/1) + Cobamamide (500 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (1 mg/1) + Flavin mononucleotide (2 mg/1) + Iron (15 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (125 mg/1) + NADH (25 ug/1) + Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Zinc glycinate (15 1/1)CapsuleOralCenturion Labs2017-03-242017-04-17US flag

Categories

ATC Codes
S01XA04 — Potassium iodideV03AB21 — Potassium iodideR05CA02 — Potassium iodide
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as alkali metal iodides. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Iodine, and the heaviest metal atom is an alkali metal.
Kingdom
Inorganic compounds
Super Class
Mixed metal/non-metal compounds
Class
Alkali metal salts
Sub Class
Alkali metal iodides
Direct Parent
Alkali metal iodides
Alternative Parents
Inorganic salts
Substituents
Alkali metal iodide / Inorganic salt
Molecular Framework
Not Available
External Descriptors
potassium salt (CHEBI:8346)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
1C4QK22F9J
CAS number
7681-11-0
InChI Key
NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI
InChI=1S/HI.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
IUPAC Name
potassium iodide
SMILES
[K+].[I-]

References

Synthesis Reference

Stanley D. Lazarus, "Production of thermally stabilized polyester with alkylene carbonates and sodium or potassium iodide." U.S. Patent US4327207, issued October, 1973.

US4327207
General References
Not Available
KEGG Drug
D01016
KEGG Compound
C08219
PubChem Compound
4875
PubChem Substance
99443267
ChemSpider
4709
RxNav
8597
ChEBI
8346
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1141
PharmGKB
PA451060
Wikipedia
Potassium_iodide

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentDental Caries in Children1
4CompletedTreatmentDental Decay1
4CompletedTreatmentDiabetic Macular Edema (DME)1
4CompletedTreatmentGraves' Disease / Hyperthyroidism1
4CompletedTreatmentHyperemesis Gravidarum / Morning Sickness / Nausea / Pregnancy / Vomiting1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
InjectionIntravenous5.33 mcg/ml
Injection, solutionIntravenous drip
SolutionIntravenous5.33 mcg/ml
SolutionIntravenous
Tablet, chewableOral
Bar, chewableOral
CapsuleOral
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
Tablet, extended releaseOral
Syrup
GelOral
LiquidOral
LiquidTopical
Tablet, coatedOral
CapsuleOral0.22 mg
SolutionTopical
Tablet, extended releaseOral300 mcg / tab
TabletOral.5 mg / tab
SolutionOral
TabletOral65 mg/1
TabletOral0.131 mg
TabletOral0.196 mg
TabletOral0.262 mg
TabletOral2 mg
TabletOral100 µg
TabletOral
TabletOral100 mcg
TabletOral200 mcg
Tablet, effervescentOral
LiquidIntravenous
SyrupOral
Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tabletOral
SolutionIntravenous0.053 mg/10ml
Injection, solutionIntravenous
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous; Parenteral
Injection, solution, concentrateParenteral
Solution, concentrateIntravenous
InjectionIntravenous
PowderNot applicable1 kg/1kg
Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tablet, coatedOral
Capsule, liquid filled; kit; tabletOral
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral
PillOral
Injection, solution; kit; solutionInfiltration; Perineural; Topical
TabletOral130 mg/1
TabletOral
KitOral
PowderTopical
SolutionOral1 g/1mL
Solution / dropsOral
TabletOral0.09 mg
TabletOral130 mg
TabletOral65 mg
SolutionOral65 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionParenteral
Injection, solution, concentrateIntravenous
Capsule, liquid filledOral
Capsule; kit; tabletOral
Tablet, film coatedOral
Solution / dropsOphthalmic
PowderOral
SolutionOral1.5 g
TinctureTopical
Tablet, film coated
Solution
TabletOral150 mg
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.2Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.09Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area0 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count0Chemaxon
Refractivity0 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability1.78 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings0Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleYesChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.7647
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9702
Caco-2 permeable+0.6625
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.8989
P-glycoprotein inhibitor INon-inhibitor0.984
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.9854
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.9282
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8261
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7789
CYP450 3A4 substrateNon-substrate0.7857
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7164
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8527
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9142
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8842
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9317
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.9022
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.6838
CarcinogenicityCarcinogens 0.659
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.5913
Rat acute toxicity2.9202 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.9535
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.9657
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
Not Available
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-113.819305
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+115.714714
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+123.34075
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Small molecule
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
References
  1. Pisarev MA, Aiello LO: Studies on the mechanism of action of potassium iodide on thyroid protein biosynthesis. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1976 Jun;82(2):298-305. [Article]
  2. Foldes J, Gesztesi E, Juhasz J: Mechanism of action of di-iodotyrosine and of iodine. Acta Med Acad Sci Hung. 1974;31(1-2):131-7. [Article]

Drug created at May 16, 2010 23:39 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48