Curcumin

Identification

Generic Name
Curcumin
DrugBank Accession Number
DB11672
Background

Curcumin, also known as diferuloylmethane, is an active component in the golden spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) and in Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil. It is a highly pleiotropic molecule that exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, wound-healing, and antimicrobial activities 1. Due to these properties, curcumin has been investigated for the treatment and supportive care of clinical conditions including proteinuria, breast cancer, multiple myeloma, depression, and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Despite proven efficacy against numerous experimental models, poor bioavailability due to poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and rapid systemic elimination have been shown to limit the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin 1. Curcumin is under investigation for the treatment and supportive care of various clinical conditions including mucositis, rectal cancer, prostate cancer, chronic schizophrenia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) 1.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational
Structure
Weight
Average: 368.3799
Monoisotopic: 368.125988372
Chemical Formula
C21H20O6
Synonyms
  • Curcumin
  • Diferuloylmethane
External IDs
  • E 100
  • E-100
  • E100
  • INS NO. 100(I)
  • INS-100(I)
  • NSC-32982

Pharmacology

Indication

No approved therapeutic indications.

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Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Intravenous application of 25 mg/kg bw curcumin to rats resulted in an increase in bile flow by 80 and 120% 3. In the rat model of inflammation, curcumin was shown to inhibit edema formation. In nude mouse that had been injected subcutaneously with prostate cancer cells, administration of curcumin caused a marked decrease in the extent of cell proliferation, a significant increase of apoptosis and micro-vessel density 3. Curcumin may exert choleretic effects by increasing biliary excretion of bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin, as well as increasing bile solubility 3. Curcumin inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in vitro 3.

Mechanism of action

Curcumin acts as a scavenger of oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and singlet oxygen and inhibit lipid peroxidation as well as peroxide-induced DNA damage 3. Curcumin mediates potent anti-inflammatory agent and anti-carcinogenic actions via modulating various signalling molecules. It suppresses a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways pertinent to growth, differentiation, and malignant transformation; it was demonstrated in vitro that curcumin inhibits protein kinases, c-Jun/AP-1 activation, prostaglandin biosynthesis, and the activity and expression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 3.

TargetActionsOrganism
UPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gammaNot AvailableHumans
UVitamin D3 receptorNot AvailableHumans
UMultidrug resistance-associated protein 5
inhibitor
Humans
UCarbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1Not AvailableHumans
UGlutathione S-transferase PNot AvailableHumans
Absorption

Curcumin displays poor absorption into the gastrointestinal tract. In a rat study, oral administration of a single dose of 2 g of curcumin resulted in a plasma concentration of less than 5 μg/mL, indicating poor absorption from the gut 3.

Volume of distribution

Following oral administration of radio-labelled curcumin to rats, radioactivity was detected in the liver and kidneys 3.

Protein binding

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Metabolism

Initially, curcumin undergoes rapid intestinal metabolism to form curcumin glucuronide and curcumin sulfate via O-conjugation. Other metabolites formed include tetrahydrocurcumin, hexahydrocurcumin, and hexahydrocurcuminol via reduction 3. Curcumin may also undergo intensive second metabolism in the liver where the major metabolites were glucuronides of tetrahydrocurcumin and hexahydrocurcumin, with dihydroferulic acid and traces of ferulic acid as further metabolites 3. Hepatic metabolites are expected to be excreted in the bile 3. Certain curcumin metabolites, such as tetrahydrocurcumin, retain anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties 3.

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

Following oral administration of curcumin to rats at a dose of 1 g/kg bw, about 75% of dose was excreted in the faeces and only traces of the compound was detected in the urine 3. When a single 400 mg dose of curcumin was administered orally to rats, about 60% was absorbed and 40% was excreted unchanged in the faeces over an period of 5 days 3. Intraperitoneal administration resulted in fecal excretion of 73% and biliary excretion of 11% 3.

Half-life

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Clearance

No pharmacokinetic data available.

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

In an acute oral toxicity study in mouse, LD50 was >2000 mg/kg MSDS. Single oral doses of curcumin at 1-5 g/kg bw induced no toxic effects in rats 3. There has been no cases of overdose reported 3.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe metabolism of 1,2-Benzodiazepine can be decreased when combined with Curcumin.
AbemaciclibThe metabolism of Abemaciclib can be decreased when combined with Curcumin.
AbirateroneThe metabolism of Abiraterone can be decreased when combined with Curcumin.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Acalabrutinib can be decreased when combined with Curcumin.
AcebutololThe metabolism of Acebutolol can be decreased when combined with Curcumin.
Food Interactions
Not Available

Products

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Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Victory 19 Virus OutLiquid0.5 g/1mLOralCHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd.2021-09-21Not applicableUS flag
Victory 19 Virus OutLiquid0.5 g/1mLOralCHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd.2022-03-10Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Kaydia PatchCurcumin (1 g/100g) + Arnica montana flower (0.5 g/100g) + Ginger (0.5 g/100g) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (2 g/100g) + Piperine (0.2 g/100g) + Pyridoxine (1 g/100g) + Thiamine chloride (1 g/100g)PatchTopicalStrong Current Enterprises Limited2020-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Kaydia PatchCurcumin (1 g/100g) + Arnica montana flower (0.5 g/100g) + Ginger (0.5 g/100g) + Magnesium chloride hexahydrate (2 g/100g) + Piperine (0.2 g/100g) + Pyridoxine (1 g/100g) + Thiamine chloride (1 g/100g)PatchTopicalStrong Current Enterprises Limited2020-05-01Not applicableUS flag
Victory 19 Virus OutCurcumin (0.5 g/1mL)LiquidOralCHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd.2022-03-10Not applicableUS flag
Victory 19 Virus OutCurcumin (0.5 g/1mL)LiquidOralCHANGJAE BENKO BIO Co., Ltd.2021-09-21Not applicableUS flag

Categories

Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as curcuminoids. These are aromatic compounds containing a curcumin moiety, which is composed of two aryl buten-2-one (feruloyl) chromophores joined by a methylene group.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Phenylpropanoids and polyketides
Class
Diarylheptanoids
Sub Class
Linear diarylheptanoids
Direct Parent
Curcuminoids
Alternative Parents
Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Methoxyphenols / Styrenes / Phenoxy compounds / Methoxybenzenes / Anisoles / Beta-diketones / Alkyl aryl ethers / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Enones
show 4 more
Substituents
1,3-dicarbonyl compound / 1,3-diketone / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / Acryloyl-group / Alkyl aryl ether / Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone / Anisole / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzenoid / Carbonyl group
show 16 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
aromatic ether, enone, polyphenol, beta-diketone, diarylheptanoid (CHEBI:3962)
Affected organisms
Not Available

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
IT942ZTH98
CAS number
458-37-7
InChI Key
VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-12,24-25H,13H2,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+
IUPAC Name
(1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione
SMILES
COC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2)=CC=C1O

References

General References
  1. Gupta SC, Patchva S, Aggarwal BB: Therapeutic roles of curcumin: lessons learned from clinical trials. AAPS J. 2013 Jan;15(1):195-218. doi: 10.1208/s12248-012-9432-8. Epub 2012 Nov 10. [Article]
  2. Lopes-Rodrigues V, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH: Curcumin as a Modulator of P-Glycoprotein in Cancer: Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016 Nov 10;9(4). pii: ph9040071. doi: 10.3390/ph9040071. [Article]
  3. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0002269
PubChem Compound
969516
PubChem Substance
347828040
ChemSpider
839564
BindingDB
50140172
RxNav
2955
ChEBI
3962
ChEMBL
CHEMBL140
ZINC
ZINC000000899824
PDBe Ligand
CC9
Wikipedia
Curcumin
PDB Entries
6hdr
MSDS
Download (48 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentBleeding / Breakthrough Bleeding / Implants1
4CompletedTreatmentAutosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)1
4CompletedTreatmentChronic Schizophrenia1
4CompletedTreatmentMajor Depressive Disorder (MDD)1
4CompletedTreatmentPeriodontitis2

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
Not Available
Packagers
Not Available
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
PatchTopical
LiquidOral0.5 g/1mL
Prices
Not Available
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)183MSDS
water solubilityInsoluble in cold waterMSDS
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00575 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.62ALOGPS
logP4.12Chemaxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.08Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.4Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area93.06 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count8Chemaxon
Refractivity103.81 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability38.12 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings2Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-004i-0902000000-a583c69443735ecee34d
GC-MS Spectrum - EI-BGC-MSsplash10-0fbc-0923000000-107f42bbc825be91449b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITTOF , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0600-0920000000-c006d38848959c621ec5
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0982000000-2c508f0e4a39ae290728
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0950000000-af821cd7589af1e24d16
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-0fk9-0981000000-e4da18f81a545b08874b
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-002b-2920000000-3c3aa8613bf16651cdf5
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kr-0119000000-18fb2ca41b5d316910ce
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0819000000-6c3abd90685ea691db00
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0frt-0951000000-bf803b1fbc2a6092d99e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00kb-0659000000-2d66ddd0560df875ade6
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-03ej-0925000000-81b8798a37b5ec95442c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-002k-1956000000-7e399423101972d5c0a1
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-228.7768835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-228.8447835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-228.8214835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-229.2853835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-228.9663835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-184.98848
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+229.8095835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+209.2882119
predicted
DarkChem Standard v0.1.0
[M+H]+232.2334835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+230.3873835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+229.2603835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+187.34648
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+229.5451835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+228.6890835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+229.1596835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+229.1553835
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+193.79266
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE...
Gene Name
PPARG
Uniprot ID
P37231
Uniprot Name
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
Molecular Weight
57619.58 Da
References
  1. Nishiyama T, Mae T, Kishida H, Tsukagawa M, Mimaki Y, Kuroda M, Sashida Y, Takahashi K, Kawada T, Nakagawa K, Kitahara M: Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Agric Food Chem. 2005 Feb 23;53(4):959-63. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
Nuclear hormone receptor. Transcription factor that mediates the action of vitamin D3 by controlling the expression of hormone sensitive genes. Recruited to promoters via its interaction with BAZ1B...
Gene Name
VDR
Uniprot ID
P11473
Uniprot Name
Vitamin D3 receptor
Molecular Weight
48288.64 Da
References
  1. Bartik L, Whitfield GK, Kaczmarska M, Lowmiller CL, Moffet EW, Furmick JK, Hernandez Z, Haussler CA, Haussler MR, Jurutka PW: Curcumin: a novel nutritionally derived ligand of the vitamin D receptor with implications for colon cancer chemoprevention. J Nutr Biochem. 2010 Dec;21(12):1153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2009.09.012. Epub 2010 Feb 12. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Acts as a multispecific organic anion pump which can transport nucleotide analogs.
Gene Name
ABCC5
Uniprot ID
O15440
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5
Molecular Weight
160658.8 Da
References
  1. Prehm P: Curcumin analogue identified as hyaluronan export inhibitor by virtual docking to the ABC transporter MRP5. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Dec;62:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.028. Epub 2013 Aug 24. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Curator comments
Non-competitive inhibitor
General Function
Prostaglandin-e2 9-reductase activity
Specific Function
NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity. Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus various xenobiotics. ...
Gene Name
CBR1
Uniprot ID
P16152
Uniprot Name
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
Molecular Weight
30374.73 Da
References
  1. Hintzpeter J, Hornung J, Ebert B, Martin HJ, Maser E: Curcumin is a tight-binding inhibitor of the most efficient human daunorubicin reductase--Carbonyl reductase 1. Chem Biol Interact. 2015 Jun 5;234:162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.12.019. Epub 2014 Dec 22. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Curator comments
Irreversibly inhibits the enzyme via covalent modification at high concentrations. At low concentrations enzyme activity may be modified but not entirely inhibited by covalent binding.
General Function
S-nitrosoglutathione binding
Specific Function
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration.
Gene Name
GSTP1
Uniprot ID
P09211
Uniprot Name
Glutathione S-transferase P
Molecular Weight
23355.625 Da
References
  1. van Iersel ML, Ploemen JP, Lo Bello M, Federici G, van Bladeren PJ: Interactions of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with human glutathione S-transferase P1-1. Chem Biol Interact. 1997 Dec 12;108(1-2):67-78. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Inhibitor
Curator comments
Curcumin is expected to be a moderate to strong inhibitor of CYP 2C9.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Volak LP, Ghirmai S, Cashman JR, Court MH: Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1594-605. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552. Epub 2008 May 14. [Article]
  2. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Volak LP, Ghirmai S, Cashman JR, Court MH: Curcuminoids inhibit multiple human cytochromes P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, and sulfotransferase enzymes, whereas piperine is a relatively selective CYP3A4 inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Aug;36(8):1594-605. doi: 10.1124/dmd.108.020552. Epub 2008 May 14. [Article]
  2. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID
P20813
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2B6
Molecular Weight
56277.81 Da
References
  1. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Glutathione transferase activity
Specific Function
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
Gene Name
GSTA1
Uniprot ID
P08263
Uniprot Name
Glutathione S-transferase A1
Molecular Weight
25630.785 Da
References
  1. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.
Gene Name
GSTM1
Uniprot ID
P09488
Uniprot Name
Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1
Molecular Weight
25711.555 Da
References
  1. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
S-nitrosoglutathione binding
Specific Function
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration.
Gene Name
GSTP1
Uniprot ID
P09211
Uniprot Name
Glutathione S-transferase P
Molecular Weight
23355.625 Da
References
  1. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Lopes-Rodrigues V, Sousa E, Vasconcelos MH: Curcumin as a Modulator of P-Glycoprotein in Cancer: Challenges and Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2016 Nov 10;9(4). pii: ph9040071. doi: 10.3390/ph9040071. [Article]
  2. Romiti N, Tongiani R, Cervelli F, Chieli E: Effects of curcumin on P-glycoprotein in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Life Sci. 1998;62(25):2349-58. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00216-1. [Article]
  3. Zhang W, Tan TM, Lim LY: Impact of curcumin-induced changes in P-glycoprotein and CYP3A expression on the pharmacokinetics of peroral celiprolol and midazolam in rats. Drug Metab Dispos. 2007 Jan;35(1):110-5. doi: 10.1124/dmd.106.011072. Epub 2006 Oct 18. [Article]
  4. European Medicines Agency (EMA): Assessment report on Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. (C. xanthorrhiza D. Dietrich)., rhizoma [File]

Drug created at October 20, 2016 20:38 / Updated at May 15, 2023 23:19