Omega-3 fatty acids
Identification
- Name
- Omega-3 fatty acids
- Accession Number
- DB11133
- Description
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) with a double bond at the third carbon atom from the end of the carbon chain. The three types of omega-3 fatty acids involved in human physiology are α-linolenic acid (ALA) (found in plant oils), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (both commonly found in fish oil that originally come from microalgae that is further consumed by phytoplankton, a source of diet for fish). Omega-3 fatty acids play a critical role in metabolism and cellular function and they are available as daily supplements. On September 8, 2004, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration gave "qualified health claim" status to EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids. Therapeutic products containing omega-3 fatty acid and its derivatives for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia include Lovaza, Omtryg, Epanova, and Vascepa.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Nutraceutical
- Synonyms
- n-3 fatty acids
- Omega 3 fatty acids
- Omega-3
- Omega-3 acid
- Omega-3 acid triglycerides
- Omega-3 fatty acid
- Omega-3 phospholipids
- Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
- Omega-3 polyunsaturates
- Omega-3-acid triglycerides
- Phospholipids
- ω-3 fatty acids
- External IDs
- NDI 441
Pharmacology
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- Indication
Provided as daily supplements. Aa preparation of omega-3-acid ethyl esters is licensed in UK for prevention of recurrent events after myocardial infarction in addition to treatment of hypertriglyceridaemia.
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
- Contraindications & Blackbox WarningsWith our commercial data, access important information on dangerous risks, contraindications, and adverse effects.Our Blackbox Warnings cover Risks, Contraindications, and Adverse Effects
- Pharmacodynamics
Omega-3 fatty acids are triglycerides that get broken down into smaller fatty acid units. They act to reduce plasma triglyceride levels however increase the cholesterol levels and are thought to possess potent antiarrythmic effects. Polyunsaturated fatty acids including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid mediate important cellular function such as inhibition of platelet function, prolongation of bleeding time, anti-inflammatory effects and reduction of plasma fibrinogen. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are components of the phospholipids that form the structures of the cell membranes and also serve as energy source. They form eicosanoids which are important signalling molecules with wide-ranging functions in the body's cardiovascular, pulmonary, immune and endocrine systems. DHA tends to exist in high concentrations in the retina, brain (via uptake by Mfsd2a as a transporter), and sperm.
- Mechanism of action
Omega-3 fatty acids mediate anti-inflammatory effects and increased levels of EPA or DHA has shown to decrease the levels of PGE2 and 4 series-LT. Eicosapentaenoic acids compete with constitutive levels of arachidonic acid in cell membranes for the same desaturation enzymes and produce 3-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes, and 5-series leukotrienes which have low pro-inflammatory potential. The alteration in leukotriene biosynthesis due to higher concentration of omega-3 fatty acids compared to arachidonic acid underlies the anti-inflammatory effects. EPA and DHA also give rise to resolvins and related lipid signalling molecules such as protectins via cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, which have anti-inflammatory effects. They inhibit transendothelial migration of neutrophils and inhibit TNF and IL-1β production. Omega-3 fatty acids also decrease adhesion molecule expression on leukocytes and on endothelial cells and decrease intercellular adhesive interactions. Omega-3 (or n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their metabolites are natural ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma that regulates inflammatory gene expression and NFκB activation. PPAR alpha activation is also associated with induction of COX-2 expression. The role of EPA and DHA in reducing triglyceride levels include inhibition of acyl-CoA:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase, increased mitochondrial and peroxisomal-beta-oxidation in the liver, decreased lipogenesis in the liver, and increased plasma lipoprotein lipase activity. They also may reduce triglyceride synthesis because they are poor substrates for the enzymes responsible for TG synthesis, and EPA and DHA inhibit esterification of other fatty acids.
Target Actions Organism APeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligandHumans UPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activatorHumans USterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
After ingestion, dietary lipids are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen. The hydrolysis products—monoglycerides and free fatty acids—are then incorporated into bile-salt– containing micelles and absorbed into enterocytes, largely by passive diffusion. The absorption rate is about 95%. Within intestinal cells, free fatty acids are primarily incorporated into chylomicrons and enter the circulation via the lymphatic system where they are delivered to various tissues for metabolism, oxidation and storage.
- Volume of distribution
Vd of EPA is aproximately 82L
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
ALA, DHA and EPA are metabolized and oxidized in the liver, which is the site of biosynthesis of n-3 fatty acid intermediates, synthesizing VLDL that transport fatty acids in the plasma to tissues. Major enzymes that generate lipid signalling molecules from EPA, DHA and ALA are lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenase.
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half-life
Approximate half-life values in a compartmental study of ALA, EPA and DHA are 1h, 39-67h and 20h, respectively 8,10.
- Clearance
Clearance of EPA is approximately 757mL/h 9.
- Adverse Effects
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- Toxicity
Some adverse effects experienced in patients include gastrointestinal disturbances such as vomiting and constipation, metabolic disorders and skin reactions.
- Affected organisms
- Not Available
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbciximab Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the antiplatelet activities of Abciximab. Acenocoumarol Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Acenocoumarol. Acetylsalicylic acid Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the antiplatelet activities of Acetylsalicylic acid. Alteplase Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Alteplase. Anagrelide Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the antiplatelet activities of Anagrelide. Ancrod Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Ancrod. Anistreplase Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Anistreplase. Antithrombin Alfa Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Antithrombin Alfa. Antithrombin III human Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Antithrombin III human. Apixaban Omega-3 fatty acids may increase the anticoagulant activities of Apixaban. Improve patient outcomesBuild effective decision support tools with the industry’s most comprehensive drug-drug interaction checker.Learn more - Food Interactions
- No interactions found.
Products
- Comprehensive & structured drug product infoFrom application numbers to product codes, connect different identifiers through our commercial datasets.Easily connect various identifiers back to our datasets
- Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Doconexent unknown ZAD9OKH9JC 6217-54-5 MBMBGCFOFBJSGT-KUBAVDMBSA-N - Product Images
- Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Smoflipid 20% Omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/100mL) + Medium-chain triglycerides (6 g/100mL) + Olive oil (5 g/100mL) + Soybean oil (6 g/100mL) Emulsion Intravenous Fresenius Kabi 2013-05-08 Not applicable Canada ลิโวลิน ฟอร์ด Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (10 mcg) + Nicotinamide (30 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (10 mg) + Riboflavin (6 mg) + Thiamine mononitrate (10 mg) + Vitamin E (10 mg) Capsule บริษัท เมก้า ไลฟ์ไซแอ็นซ์ จำกัด (มหาชน) 1993-09-11 Not applicable Thailand เฮปปาแคป Omega-3 fatty acids (175 mg) + Cyanocobalamin (5 mcg) + Nicotinamide (15 mg) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg) + Riboflavin (3 mg) + Thiamine mononitrate (10 mg) + Vitamin E (10 mg) Capsule บริษัท เมก้า ไลฟ์ไซแอ็นซ์ จำกัด (มหาชน) 1993-09-22 Not applicable Thailand - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Animi-3 Omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (1000 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (500 ug/1) + Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (35 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12.5 mg/1) + Soy sterol (200 mg/1) Capsule Oral Pbm Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2011-06-01 Not applicable US Animi-3 with Vitamin D Omega-3 fatty acids (500 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (1000 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (500 ug/1) + Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Icosapent (35 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (12.5 mg/1) + Soy sterol (200 mg/1) Capsule Oral Pbm Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2011-06-01 Not applicable US Bal-Care DHA Omega-3 fatty acids (430 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Pru Gen Pharmaceuticals 2012-05-01 Not applicable US Bal-Care DHA Essential Omega-3 fatty acids (374 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2850 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (219 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (840 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (.012 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (.223 mg/1) + Iron sucrose (1.35 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (25.65 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Pru Gen Pharmaceuticals 2012-05-01 Not applicable US BumP DHA Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Cobamamide (500 mg/1) + Flavin adenine dinucleotide (1 mg/1) + Flavin mononucleotide (2 mg/1) + Iron (15 mg/1) + Leucovorin (1 mg/1) + Levomefolate magnesium (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (125 mg/1) + NADH (25 ug/1) + Potassium Iodide (250 ug/1) + Pyridoxal phosphate (5 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Zinc glycinate (15 1/1) Capsule Oral Centurion Labs 2017-03-24 2017-04-17 US C-Nate DHA Omega-3 fatty acids (200 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric sulfate pentahydrate (1 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (15 ug/1) + Ferrous fumarate (28 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium (30 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (3 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (20 mg/1) Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Centurion Labs, LLC 2013-01-01 Not applicable US Cavan Alpha Omega-3 fatty acids (300 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (220 ug/1) + Iron (27 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-07-01 2013-09-30 US Cavan-EC SOD DHA Omega-3 fatty acids (440 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (130 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (410 [iU]/1) + Copper (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (28 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (30 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Vitamin E (30 mg/1) + Zinc (26 mg/1) Kit Oral Seton Pharmaceuticals 2010-01-10 2014-07-15 US Cavan-EC SOD DHA Omega-3 fatty acids (440 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (130 mg/1) + Beta carotene (3000 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (230 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (410 [iU]/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (28 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Sodium feredetate (30 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (26 mg/1) Kit Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 2010-08-24 2013-01-15 US Duet DHA Omega-3 fatty acids (430 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Beta carotene (2825 [iU]/1) + Calcium carbonate (200 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (800 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (3 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iodine (220 ug/1) + Iron (25 mg/1) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (45 mg/1) + Riboflavin (4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (1.8 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) Kit Oral Wh Nutritionals, Llc 2011-09-09 2014-03-31 US
Categories
- Drug Categories
- Classification
- Not classified
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 71M78END5S
- CAS number
- 329042-31-1
- InChI Key
- Not Available
- InChI
- Not Available
- IUPAC Name
- Not Available
- SMILES
- Not Available
References
- General References
- Calder PC: Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes. Nutrients. 2010 Mar;2(3):355-74. doi: 10.3390/nu2030355. Epub 2010 Mar 18. [PubMed:22254027]
- Mahaffey KR, Sunderland EM, Chan HM, Choi AL, Grandjean P, Marien K, Oken E, Sakamoto M, Schoeny R, Weihe P, Yan CH, Yasutake A: Balancing the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risks of methylmercury exposure from fish consumption. Nutr Rev. 2011 Sep;69(9):493-508. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00415.x. [PubMed:21884130]
- Ito MK: A Comparative Overview of Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acid Products. P T. 2015 Dec;40(12):826-57. [PubMed:26681905]
- Forbes SC, Holroyd-Leduc JM, Poulin MJ, Hogan DB: Effect of Nutrients, Dietary Supplements and Vitamins on Cognition: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Can Geriatr J. 2015 Dec 23;18(4):231-45. doi: 10.5770/cgj.18.189. eCollection 2015 Dec. [PubMed:26740832]
- Burckhardt M, Herke M, Wustmann T, Watzke S, Langer G, Fink A: Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 11;4:CD009002. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009002.pub3. [PubMed:27063583]
- Marsen TA, Pollok M, Oette K, Baldamus CA: Pharmacokinetics of omega-3-fatty acids during ingestion of fish oil preparations. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1992 Jul;46(3):191-6. [PubMed:1387231]
- Dobson EP, Barrow CJ, Kralovec JA, Adcock JL: Controlled formation of mono- and dihydroxy-resolvins from EPA and DHA using soybean 15-lipoxygenase. J Lipid Res. 2013 May;54(5):1439-47. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M036186. Epub 2013 Mar 7. [PubMed:23471029]
- Pawlosky RJ, Hibbeln JR, Novotny JA, Salem N Jr: Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha-linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans. J Lipid Res. 2001 Aug;42(8):1257-65. [PubMed:11483627]
- Braeckman RA, Stirtan WG, Soni PN: Pharmacokinetics of Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Plasma and Red Blood Cells After Multiple Oral Dosing With Icosapent Ethyl in Healthy Subjects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2014 Mar;3(2):101-108. Epub 2013 Oct 22. [PubMed:26097787]
- Pawlosky RJ, Hibbeln JR, Salem N Jr: Compartmental analyses of plasma n-3 essential fatty acids among male and female smokers and nonsmokers. J Lipid Res. 2007 Apr;48(4):935-43. Epub 2007 Jan 17. [PubMed:17234605]
- Nguyen LN, Ma D, Shui G, Wong P, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Zhang X, Wenk MR, Goh EL, Silver DL: Mfsd2a is a transporter for the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid. Nature. 2014 May 22;509(7501):503-6. doi: 10.1038/nature13241. Epub 2014 May 14. [PubMed:24828044]
- Chene G, Dubourdeau M, Balard P, Escoubet-Lozach L, Orfila C, Berry A, Bernad J, Aries MF, Charveron M, Pipy B: n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce the expression of COX-2 via PPARgamma activation in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 May;1771(5):576-89. Epub 2007 Mar 16. [PubMed:17459764]
- 23. (2012). In Rang and Dale's Pharmacology (7th ed., pp. 291-2). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. [ISBN:978-0-7020-3471-8]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements: Omega-3 Fatty Acids Fact Sheet for Health Professionals [Link]
- Lovaza FDA Label [Link]
- External Links
- PubChem Substance
- 347911131
- 4301
- Wikipedia
- Omega-3_fatty_acid
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Prevention Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Prevention Ultra High Risk for Psychosis 1 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment BMI >30 kg/m2 / Esophagus, Barrett 1 4 Completed Prevention Health 1 4 Completed Prevention Liver Cancer / Liver Cirrhosis 1 4 Completed Prevention Malignant Neoplasm of Colon 1 4 Completed Prevention Prodrome / Schizophrenia 1 4 Completed Prevention Sepsis / Severe Sepsis 1 4 Completed Supportive Care Gastric Resection / Malnutrition 1 4 Completed Treatment Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) / Dyslipidemia / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections / Hypertriglyceridemias 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Not Available
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Capsule, delayed release Oral 1000 mg Injection, powder, for solution Capsule Oral Capsule Oral 700 mg Capsule, delayed release Oral 1200 mg Capsule, liquid filled Oral 1200 mg Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 1000 mg Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 758 mg Capsule Oral 1000 mg Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 744 mg Suspension Endotracheal 105 mg Suspension Endotracheal 210 mg Capsule, liquid filled Oral 500 mg Injection, emulsion Intravenous 100 g/L Emulsion Intravenous 80 g/l Capsule, liquid filled Oral 840 mg Emulsion Intravenous 80 g Liquid Oral Emulsion Intravenous 16 g Emulsion Parenteral 2.4 g/l Emulsion Parenteral 2.88 g/l Emulsion Intravenous 4.656 g Emulsion Parenteral 6.792 g Injection, emulsion Intravenous 4.25 g/625ml Emulsion Intravenous 6.792 g Emulsion Intravenous 180 g/1250ml Emulsion Intravenous 270 g/1875ml Emulsion Intravenous 90 g/625ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 11.64 g/2500ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 5.82 g/1250ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 8.73 g/1875ml Capsule Oral 3000 IU Emulsion Intravenous 25 g/1250ml Emulsion Intravenous 37.5 g/1875ml Emulsion Intravenous 50 g/2500ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 180 g/1250ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 270 g/1875ml Injection, emulsion Intravenous 90 g/625ml Tablet, coated Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral 600 mg Kit Oral Pill Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Emulsion Intravenous Capsule, coated Oral Capsule Oral 1000 g Emulsion Oral 400 mg Tablet, chewable Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Capsule Oral 600 mg Capsule Injection, emulsion Intravenous - Prices
- Not Available
- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Not Available
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted ADMET Features
- Not Available
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Not Available
Targets

- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Ligand
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE...
- Gene Name
- PPARG
- Uniprot ID
- P37231
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Molecular Weight
- 57619.58 Da
References
- Varga T, Czimmerer Z, Nagy L: PPARs are a unique set of fatty acid regulated transcription factors controlling both lipid metabolism and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Aug;1812(8):1007-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.02.014. Epub 2011 Mar 5. [PubMed:21382489]
- Edwards IJ, O'Flaherty JT: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and PPARgamma in Cancer. PPAR Res. 2008;2008:358052. doi: 10.1155/2008/358052. [PubMed:18769551]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Activator
- General Function
- Zinc ion binding
- Specific Function
- Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleyleth...
- Gene Name
- PPARA
- Uniprot ID
- Q07869
- Uniprot Name
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- Molecular Weight
- 52224.595 Da
References
- Rudkowska I, Garenc C, Couture P, Vohl MC: Omega-3 fatty acids regulate gene expression levels differently in subjects carrying the PPARalpha L162V polymorphism. Genes Nutr. 2009 Sep;4(3):199-205. doi: 10.1007/s12263-009-0129-2. Epub 2009 Jul 8. [PubMed:19585164]
- Liu M, Montgomery MK, Fiveash CE, Osborne B, Cooney GJ, Bell-Anderson K, Turner N: PPARalpha-independent actions of omega-3 PUFAs contribute to their beneficial effects on adiposity and glucose homeostasis. Sci Rep. 2014 Jul 2;4:5538. doi: 10.1038/srep05538. [PubMed:24986106]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Transcriptional activator activity, rna polymerase ii core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
- Specific Function
- Transcriptional activator required for lipid homeostasis. Regulates transcription of the LDL receptor gene as well as the fatty acid and to a lesser degree the cholesterol synthesis pathway (By sim...
- Gene Name
- SREBF1
- Uniprot ID
- P36956
- Uniprot Name
- Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
- Molecular Weight
- 121673.6 Da
References
- Patterson E, Wall R, Fitzgerald GF, Ross RP, Stanton C: Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated Fatty acids. J Nutr Metab. 2012;2012:539426. doi: 10.1155/2012/539426. Epub 2012 Apr 5. [PubMed:22570770]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase activity
- Specific Function
- Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and...
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Vecchio AJ, Simmons DM, Malkowski MG: Structural basis of fatty acid substrate binding to cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 16;285(29):22152-63. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.119867. Epub 2010 May 12. [PubMed:20463020]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Iron ion binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the first step in leukotriene biosynthesis, and thereby plays a role in inflammatory processes.
- Gene Name
- ALOX5
- Uniprot ID
- P09917
- Uniprot Name
- Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
- Molecular Weight
- 77982.595 Da
References
- Calder PC: Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes. Nutrients. 2010 Mar;2(3):355-74. doi: 10.3390/nu2030355. Epub 2010 Mar 18. [PubMed:22254027]
Drug created on December 03, 2015 16:51 / Updated on February 13, 2021 10:52