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Identification
- Summary
Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma in patients who have not been successfully treated with at least two previous therapies.
- Brand Names
- Velcade
- Generic Name
- Bortezomib
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00188
- Background
Bortezomib is a dipeptide boronic acid derivative and proteasome inhibitor used to treat multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.4 The 26S proteasome is a protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway: reversible inhibition of the 26S proteasome, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells, is thought to be the main mechanism of action of bortezomib.10 However, multiple mechanisms may be involved in the anticancer activity of bortezomib.4
Bortezomib was first synthesized in 1995.4 In May 2003, bortezomib became the first anticancer proteasome inhibitor that was approved by the FDA under the trade name VELCADE.5 Phase I, II, III, and IV clinical trials are undergoing to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of bortezomib in leukemia, myasthenia gravis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and solid tumours.6
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Bortezomib (DB00188)
- Weight
- Average: 384.237
Monoisotopic: 384.196885774 - Chemical Formula
- C19H25BN4O4
- Synonyms
- [(1R)-3-methyl-1-({(2S)-3-phenyl-2-[(pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl)amino]propanoyl}amino)butyl]boronic acid
- Bortezomib
- N-[(1R)-1-(DIHYDROXYBORYL)-3-methylbutyl]-N-(pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-phenylalaninamide
- External IDs
- BXCL 101
- BXCL-101
- BXCL101
- LDP 341
- LDP-341
- LDP341
- PS 341
- PS-341
- PS341
Pharmacology
- Indication
Bortezomib is indicated for the treatment of adults with multiple myeloma or mantle cell lymphoma.11
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Mantle cell lymphoma •••••••••••• ••••• Treatment of Multiple myeloma •••••••••••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Bortezomib works to target the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, an essential molecular pathway that regulates intracellular concentrations of proteins and promotes protein degradation.1 The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is often dysregulated in pathological conditions, leading to aberrant pathway signalling and the formation of malignant cells. In one study, patient-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells contained 3-fold higher levels of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity than normal lymphocytes.1 By reversibly inhibiting proteasome, bortezomib prevents proteasome-mediated proteolysis. Bortezomib exerts a cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell types in vitro and delays tumour growth in vivo in nonclinical tumour models.7 Bortezomib inhibits the proteasome activity in a dose-dependent manner. In one pharmacodynamic study, more than 75% of proteasome inhibition was observed in whole blood samples within one hour after dosing of bortezomib.4
- Mechanism of action
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a homeostatic proteolytic pathway for intracellular protein degradation: proteins marked with a poly-ubiquitin chain are degraded to small peptides and free ubiquitin by the proteasome, which is a large multimeric protease.2 Aberrant proteasome-dependent proteolysis, as seen in some malignancies, can lead to uncontrolled cell division, leading to tumorigenesis, cancer growth, and spread.2,4
Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, which is made up of a 20S core complexed with a 19S regulatory complex. Individual β-subunits allow specific catalytic action of the 20S core.3,4 In mammalian cells, bortezomib is a potent inhibitor of the proteasome’s chymotryptic-like activity, which is attributed to the β5-subunit of the 20S core particle.3 Bortezomib binds to the active site of the threonine hydroxyl group in the β5-subunit.4 A probing study showed bortezomib also binding to and inhibiting the β1-subunit, which mediates the caspase-like activity of the proteasome, and β1i-subunit, which is an altered subunit that is expressed to form immunoproteasomes in response to cell stress or inflammation.3 By inhibiting the proteasome-mediated degradation of key proteins that promote cell apoptosis,2 bortezomib induces a cell cycle arrest during the G2-M phase.10 It is believed that multiple mechanisms, other than proteasome inhibition, may be involved in the anticancer activity of bortezomib.4 The anticancer activity of bortezomib was largely associated with suppression of the NF-κB signalling pathway, resulting in the downregulation of anti-apoptotic target genes and expression of anti-apoptic proteins. This may be explained by bortezomib preventing uncontrolled degradation of IκB, which is an inhibitory protein of NF-κB. NOXA, which is a pro-apoptotic factor, induced by bortezomib selectively in cancer cells; thus, it is suggested to be another key mechanism of bortezomib.4
Target Actions Organism AProteasome subunit beta type-5 inhibitorHumans ASerine protease 1 inhibitorHumans AProteasome subunit beta type-1 inhibitorHumans - Absorption
Following intravenous administration of 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2 doses, the mean Cmax of bortezomib were 57 and 112 ng/mL, respectively. In a twice-weekly dosing regimen, the Cmax ranged from 67 to 106 ng/mL at the dose of 1 mg/m2 and 89 to 120 ng/mL for the 1.3 mg/m2 dose. In patients with multiple myeloma, the Cmax of bortezomib followig subcutaneous administration was lower than that of intravenously-administered dose; however, the total systemic exposure of the drug was equivalent for both routes of administration.7 There is a wide interpatient variability in drug plasma concentrations.10
- Volume of distribution
The mean distribution volume of bortezomib ranged from approximately 498 to 1884 L/m2 in patients with multiple myeloma receiving a single- or repeat-dose of 1 mg/m2 or 1.3 mg/m2.7 Bortezomib distributes into nearly all tissues, except for the adipose and brain tissue.4
- Protein binding
Over the concentration range of 100 to 1000 ng/mL, bortezomib is about 83% bound to human plasma proteins.7
- Metabolism
Bortezomib is primarily metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2. CYP2D6 and CYP2C9 are also involved in drug metabolism, but to a smaller extent.7 Oxidative deboronation, which involves the removal of boronic acid from the parent compound, is the main metabolic pathway. Metabolites of bortezomib are pharmacologically inactive and more than 30 metabolites have been identified in human and animal studies.5
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- Route of elimination
Bortezomib is eliminated by both renal and hepatic routes.5
- Half-life
The mean elimination half-life of bortezomib ranged from 40 to 193 hours following a multiple dosing regimen at a 1 mg/m2 dose. The half-life ranged from 76 to 108 hours after multiple dosing of 1.3 mg/m2 bortezomib.7
- Clearance
Following the administration of a first dose of 1 mg/m2 and 1.3 mg/m2, the mean mean total body clearances were 102 and 112 L/h, respectively. The clearances were 15 and 32 L/h after the subsequent dose of 1 and 1.3 mg/m2, respectively.7
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
The Lowest published toxic dose (TDLo) in mouse was 5 mg/kg/14D following intraperitoneal administration of an intermittent dose and 1.6 mg/kg/12D following subcutaneous administration of a continuous dose.9
The therapeutic dose of bortezomib is individualized in each patient to prevent overdose. Fatal outcomes occurred in humans following the administration of more than twice the recommended therapeutic dose of bortezomib. The symptoms from overdose included the acute onset of symptomatic hypotension and thrombocytopenia. As there is no known antidote for bortezomib overdosage, monitoring of vital signs and appropriate supportive care should be initiated when drug overdosage is suspected. In monkeys and dogs, increased heart rate, decreased contractility, hypotension, and death were observed with the intravenous dose as low as two times the recommended clinical dose on a mg/m2 basis. A case of a slight increase in the corrected QT interval leading to death occurred in dog studies.7
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbametapir The serum concentration of Bortezomib can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Bortezomib can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abciximab The risk or severity of bleeding can be increased when Abciximab is combined with Bortezomib. Abemaciclib The serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Bortezomib. Abiraterone The serum concentration of Bortezomib can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone. - Food Interactions
- Avoid St. John's Wort. This herb induces CYP3A4 metabolism, which may reduce the serum concentration of bortezomib.
- Exercise caution with grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism, which may increase the serum concentration of bortezomib.
- Limit foods and supplements high in flavonoids. Flavonoids may interfere with the therapeutic action of this drug. Foods high in flavonoids include green vegetables, fruits, and green tea.
- Limit foods and supplements high in vitamin C. Vitamin C may interfere with the therapeutic action of this drug. Foods high in vitamin C include citrus fruits and beverages.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bortezomib Injection 3.5 mg/1.4mL Intratendinous Accord Healthcare Inc. 2024-08-01 Not applicable US 
Bortezomib Injection 1 mg/1 Intravenous Fosun Pharma USA Inc 2022-08-23 2024-06-30 US Bortezomib Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 1 mg/1 Intravenous; Subcutaneous Hospira, Inc. 2022-05-16 Not applicable US Bortezomib Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 1 mg/1mL Intravenous Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC 2017-11-06 Not applicable US Bortezomib Injection 2.5 mg/1mL Intracavernous Accord Healthcare Inc. 2024-08-01 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bortezomib Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg/1 Intravenous; Subcutaneous Camber Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2024-05-03 Not applicable US Bortezomib Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg/1 Intravenous; Subcutaneous Apotex Corp 2022-05-02 2028-12-31 US Bortezomib Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg/3.5mL Intravenous; Subcutaneous BluePoint Laboratories 2022-07-31 Not applicable US Bortezomib Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg/1 Intravenous; Subcutaneous Meitheal Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2022-07-26 Not applicable US Bortezomib Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg/1 Intravenous; Subcutaneous Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. 2022-07-27 Not applicable US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- L01XG01 — Bortezomib
- Drug Categories
- Acids
- Acids, Noncarboxylic
- Antineoplastic Agents
- Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents
- Boron Compounds
- Boronic Acids
- Cardiotoxic antineoplastic agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (moderate)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors (weak)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Hepatotoxic Agents
- Hypotensive Agents
- Immunosuppressive Agents
- Myelosuppressive Agents
- Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
- OATP1B3 inhibitors
- P-glycoprotein substrates
- P-glycoprotein substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Potential QTc-Prolonging Agents
- Proteasome Inhibitors
- Pyrazines
- QTc Prolonging Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. These are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Organic acids and derivatives
- Class
- Carboxylic acids and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
- Direct Parent
- Phenylalanine and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acid amides / Amphetamines and derivatives / Pyrazinecarboxamides / 2-heteroaryl carboxamides / Fatty amides / Heteroaromatic compounds / Secondary carboxylic acid amides / Boronic acids / Organic metalloid salts show 7 more
- Substituents
- 2-heteroaryl carboxamide / Alkylborane / Alpha-amino acid amide / Amphetamine or derivatives / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Boronic acid / Boronic acid derivative / Carbonyl group show 23 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- pyrazines, amino acid amide, L-phenylalanine derivative (CHEBI:52717)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 69G8BD63PP
- CAS number
- 179324-69-7
- InChI Key
- GXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C19H25BN4O4/c1-13(2)10-17(20(27)28)24-18(25)15(11-14-6-4-3-5-7-14)23-19(26)16-12-21-8-9-22-16/h3-9,12-13,15,17,27-28H,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,23,26)(H,24,25)/t15-,17-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- [(1R)-3-methyl-1-[(2S)-3-phenyl-2-[(pyrazin-2-yl)formamido]propanamido]butyl]boronic acid
- SMILES
- CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)B(O)O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Raghavendracharyulu Venkata Palle, Rajasekhar Kadaboina, Veerendeer Murki, Amarendhar Manda, Nageshwar Gunda, Ramaseshagiri Rao Pulla, Mallesha Hanmanthu, Narasimha Naidu Mopidevi, Suresh Kumar Ramdoss, "BORTEZOMIB AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SAME." U.S. Patent US20100226597, issued September 09, 2010.
US20100226597- General References
- Voorhees PM, Dees EC, O'Neil B, Orlowski RZ: The proteasome as a target for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Dec 15;9(17):6316-25. [Article]
- Adams J, Palombella VJ, Sausville EA, Johnson J, Destree A, Lazarus DD, Maas J, Pien CS, Prakash S, Elliott PJ: Proteasome inhibitors: a novel class of potent and effective antitumor agents. Cancer Res. 1999 Jun 1;59(11):2615-22. [Article]
- Berkers CR, Verdoes M, Lichtman E, Fiebiger E, Kessler BM, Anderson KC, Ploegh HL, Ovaa H, Galardy PJ: Activity probe for in vivo profiling of the specificity of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Nat Methods. 2005 May;2(5):357-62. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [Article]
- Chen D, Frezza M, Schmitt S, Kanwar J, Dou QP: Bortezomib as the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug: current status and future perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011 Mar;11(3):239-53. doi: 10.2174/156800911794519752. [Article]
- Schwartz R, Davidson T: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and practical applications of bortezomib. Oncology (Williston Park). 2004 Dec;18(14 Suppl 11):14-21. [Article]
- Guedes RA, Aniceto N, Andrade MAP, Salvador JAR, Guedes RC: Chemical Patterns of Proteasome Inhibitors: Lessons Learned from Two Decades of Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Oct 25;20(21). pii: ijms20215326. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215326. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Bortezomib for Injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use [Link]
- Thermo Fisher Scientific: Bortezomib Safety Data Sheet [Link]
- Cayman Chemical: Bortezomib Safety Data Sheet [Link]
- BC Cancer: Bortezomib Monograph [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: BORTEZOMIB for injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use (December 2022) [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014334
- KEGG Drug
- D03150
- PubChem Compound
- 387447
- PubChem Substance
- 46508736
- ChemSpider
- 343402
- BindingDB
- 50069989
- 358258
- ChEBI
- 52717
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL325041
- ZINC
- ZINC000169746649
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001318
- PharmGKB
- PA10252
- PDBe Ligand
- BO2
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Bortezomib
- PDB Entries
- 2f16 / 4fwd / 4qvl / 4qvm / 4qvn / 4qvp / 4qvq / 4qvv / 4qvw / 4qvy … show 22 more
- FDA label
- Download (199 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Active Not Recruiting Not Available Multiple Myeloma (MM) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Cardiotoxins / Hearth Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) / Multiple Myeloma (MM) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (CIPN) / Multiple Myeloma (MM) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Multiple Myeloma (MM) 6 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Not Available Multiple Myeloma (MM) / Neoplasms, Hematologic 2 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Millennium pharmaceuticals inc
- Packagers
- Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
- Janssen-Ortho Inc.
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral Powder Intravenous; Subcutaneous Solution Parenteral 3.5 mg Solution Intravenous 3.50 mg Injection Intravenous; Subcutaneous Injection, solution Intravenous 3.5 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg Injection Intracavernous 2.5 mg/1mL Injection Intratendinous 3.5 mg/1.4mL Injection Intravenous 1 mg/1 Injection Intravenous 2.5 mg/1 Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 1 mg/1mL Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 3.5 mg/1 Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg/1mL Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg/1 Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 2.5 mg/1 Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 mg/3.5mL Powder Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 MG Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 1 MG Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 3.5 MG Injection, solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 2.5 mg/ml Injection, solution Subcutaneous 2.5 MG/ML Injection, powder, for solution 1 mg/1vial Injection, powder, for solution 3.5 mg/1vial Injection, solution 2.5 MG/ML Injection, solution Parenteral 2.5 mg/ml Injection, powder, for solution Subcutaneous 2.5 MG Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 3.5 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 2.5 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3 mg Injection, powder, for solution 1 MG Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 1 MG Injection, powder, for solution Parenteral 2.5 MG Injection, solution Parenteral Injection, powder, for solution Injection, powder, for solution 2.5 MG Injection, solution Intravenous 1 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 100000 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 2.5 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 250000 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Parenteral 3.5 mg Injection, powder, for solution; injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 1 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 2.5 mg Powder Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1.0 mg Solution Subcutaneous 3.500 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.50 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous 3.5 mg Solution Intravenous 3.500 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 350000 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 1.0 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 mg/1vial Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 mg/1 Solution Parenteral 3.500 mg Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous 3.5 mg Injection Parenteral 3.5 mg Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 mg Injection Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 mg Injection, powder, for solution 3.5 MG Injection, powder, for solution Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 mg Powder Intravenous; Subcutaneous 3.5 mg/1vial Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 1 mg/1vial Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution 3.5 mg/1vial - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Velcade 3.5 mg vial 1590.0USD vial DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US6083903 No 2000-07-04 2014-10-28 US CA2203936 No 2005-04-12 2015-10-27 Canada 
US5780454 Yes 1998-07-14 2017-11-03 US US6958319 Yes 2005-10-25 2022-07-25 US US6713446 Yes 2004-03-30 2022-07-25 US US8962572 No 2015-02-24 2032-11-03 US US11679119 No 2022-09-23 2042-09-23 US US11752164 No 2022-09-23 2042-09-23 US US12005069 No 2022-09-23 2042-09-23 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 139-143 Thermo Fisher Scientific Bortezomib Safety Data Sheet water solubility The solubility of bortezomib, as the monomeric boronic acid, is 3.3 to 3.8 mg/mL in a pH range of 2 to 6.5. Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0532 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 0.89 ALOGPS logP 1.53 Chemaxon logS -3.9 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 8.64 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -0.59 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 0 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 4 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 124.44 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 9 Chemaxon Refractivity 99.37 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 40.65 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.6935 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.6533 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6576 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5909 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.785 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 1.0 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.9445 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7145 CYP450 2D6 substrate Substrate 0.8918 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.5209 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.855 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8267 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9304 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8108 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.7308 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9604 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7439 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8064 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9943 Rat acute toxicity 2.4537 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9936 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8593
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 201.3410112 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 200.8482112 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 200.4446112 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0
Targets
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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Associated with the PA200 or PA28, the 20S proteasome mediates ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. This type of proteolysis is required in several pathways including spermatogenesis (20S-PA200 complex) or generation of a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides (20S-PA28 complex). Within the 20S core complex, PSMB5 displays a chymotrypsin-like activity
- Specific Function
- Endopeptidase activity
- Gene Name
- PSMB5
- Uniprot ID
- P28074
- Uniprot Name
- Proteasome subunit beta type-5
- Molecular Weight
- 28480.01 Da
References
- Berkers CR, Verdoes M, Lichtman E, Fiebiger E, Kessler BM, Anderson KC, Ploegh HL, Ovaa H, Galardy PJ: Activity probe for in vivo profiling of the specificity of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Nat Methods. 2005 May;2(5):357-62. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [Article]
- Chen D, Frezza M, Schmitt S, Kanwar J, Dou QP: Bortezomib as the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug: current status and future perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011 Mar;11(3):239-53. doi: 10.2174/156800911794519752. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Has activity against the synthetic substrates Boc-Phe-Ser-Arg-Mec, Boc-Leu-Thr-Arg-Mec, Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-Mec and Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-Mec. The single-chain form is more active than the two-chain form against all of these substrates
- Specific Function
- Metal ion binding
- Gene Name
- PRSS1
- Uniprot ID
- P07477
- Uniprot Name
- Serine protease 1
- Molecular Weight
- 26557.88 Da
References
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Non-catalytic component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Associated with the PA200 or PA28, the 20S proteasome mediates ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. This type of proteolysis is required in several pathways including spermatogenesis (20S-PA200 complex) or generation of a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides (20S-PA28 complex)
- Specific Function
- Not Available
- Gene Name
- PSMB1
- Uniprot ID
- P20618
- Uniprot Name
- Proteasome subunit beta type-1
- Molecular Weight
- 26489.09 Da
References
- Berkers CR, Verdoes M, Lichtman E, Fiebiger E, Kessler BM, Anderson KC, Ploegh HL, Ovaa H, Galardy PJ: Activity probe for in vivo profiling of the specificity of proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Nat Methods. 2005 May;2(5):357-62. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [Article]
- Chen D, Frezza M, Schmitt S, Kanwar J, Dou QP: Bortezomib as the first proteasome inhibitor anticancer drug: current status and future perspectives. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2011 Mar;11(3):239-53. doi: 10.2174/156800911794519752. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- Curator comments
- There is no time-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 by bortezomib or its metabolites (Lu et al., 2006).
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Hellmann A, Rule S, Walewski J, Shpilberg O, Feng H, van de Velde H, Patel H, Skee DM, Girgis S, Louw VJ: Effect of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of bortezomib in patients with multiple myeloma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2011 Dec 1;50(12):781-91. doi: 10.2165/11594410-000000000-00000. [Article]
- Zhou W, An G, Jian Y, Guo H, Chen W: Effect of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms on the efficacy of bortezomib-based regimens in patients with multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett. 2015 Aug;10(2):1171-1175. doi: 10.3892/ol.2015.3294. Epub 2015 May 29. [Article]
- Pekol T, Daniels JS, Labutti J, Parsons I, Nix D, Baronas E, Hsieh F, Gan LS, Miwa G: Human metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: identification of circulating metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):771-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.002956. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [Article]
- Lu C, Gallegos R, Li P, Xia CQ, Pusalkar S, Uttamsingh V, Nix D, Miwa GT, Gan LS: Investigation of drug-drug interaction potential of bortezomib in vivo in female Sprague-Dawley rats and in vitro in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):702-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.008060. Epub 2006 Jan 27. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Bortezomib for Injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- Curator comments
- In an in vitro study, bortezomib and its metabolites M1 and M2 were found to be mild inhibitors of CYP2C19 with IC50 values of approximately 18.0, 10.0, and 13.2 microM, respectively (Lu et al., 2006).
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18577768, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Hydroxylates PUFA specifically at the omega-1 position (PubMed:18577768). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine. Hydroxylates fenbendazole at the 4' position (PubMed:23959307)
- Specific Function
- (r)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C19
- Uniprot ID
- P33261
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C19
- Molecular Weight
- 55944.565 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
- Pekol T, Daniels JS, Labutti J, Parsons I, Nix D, Baronas E, Hsieh F, Gan LS, Miwa G: Human metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: identification of circulating metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):771-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.002956. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [Article]
- Uttamsingh V, Lu C, Miwa G, Gan LS: Relative contributions of the five major human cytochromes P450, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, to the hepatic metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Nov;33(11):1723-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.005710. Epub 2005 Aug 15. [Article]
- Lu C, Gallegos R, Li P, Xia CQ, Pusalkar S, Uttamsingh V, Nix D, Miwa GT, Gan LS: Investigation of drug-drug interaction potential of bortezomib in vivo in female Sprague-Dawley rats and in vitro in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):702-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.008060. Epub 2006 Jan 27. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Bortezomib for Injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of fatty acids, steroids and retinoids (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997, PubMed:21289075, PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20972997). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamide (20-HETE-EA) and 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:18698000, PubMed:21289075). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes the oxidative transformations of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal, a precursor for the active form all-trans-retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants
- Specific Function
- Anandamide 11,12 epoxidase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2D6
- Uniprot ID
- P10635
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2D6
- Molecular Weight
- 55768.94 Da
References
- Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
- Uttamsingh V, Lu C, Miwa G, Gan LS: Relative contributions of the five major human cytochromes P450, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, to the hepatic metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Nov;33(11):1723-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.005710. Epub 2005 Aug 15. [Article]
- Pekol T, Daniels JS, Labutti J, Parsons I, Nix D, Baronas E, Hsieh F, Gan LS, Miwa G: Human metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: identification of circulating metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):771-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.002956. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Bortezomib for Injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:9435160). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317). Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). May act as a major enzyme for all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis in the liver. Catalyzes two successive oxidative transformation of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal and then to the active form all-trans retinoic acid (PubMed:10681376). Primarily catalyzes stereoselective epoxidation of the last double bond of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), displaying a strong preference for the (R,S) stereoisomer (PubMed:19965576). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and omega-1 hydroxylation of PUFA (PubMed:9435160). May also participate in eicosanoids metabolism by converting hydroperoxide species into oxo metabolites (lipoxygenase-like reaction, NADPH-independent) (PubMed:21068195). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Catalyzes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin (PubMed:14725854). Metabolizes caffeine via N3-demethylation (Probable)
- Specific Function
- Aromatase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58406.915 Da
References
- Pekol T, Daniels JS, Labutti J, Parsons I, Nix D, Baronas E, Hsieh F, Gan LS, Miwa G: Human metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: identification of circulating metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):771-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.002956. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Bortezomib for Injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- Curator comments
- In an in vitro study, the M1 metabolite of bortezomib was a mild inhibitor of CYP2C9 with an IC50 value of approximately 11.5 microM (Lu et al., 2006).
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids and steroids (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697, PubMed:9866708). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes cholesterol toward 25-hydroxycholesterol, a physiological regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (PubMed:21576599). Exhibits low catalytic activity for the formation of catechol estrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2 (PubMed:12865317). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation and hydroxylation with double-bond migration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160, PubMed:9866708). Also metabolizes plant monoterpenes such as limonene. Oxygenates (R)- and (S)-limonene to produce carveol and perillyl alcohol (PubMed:11950794). Contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan (PubMed:25994031)
- Specific Function
- (r)-limonene 6-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP2C9
- Uniprot ID
- P11712
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 2C9
- Molecular Weight
- 55627.365 Da
References
- Pekol T, Daniels JS, Labutti J, Parsons I, Nix D, Baronas E, Hsieh F, Gan LS, Miwa G: Human metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib: identification of circulating metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Jun;33(6):771-7. doi: 10.1124/dmd.104.002956. Epub 2005 Mar 11. [Article]
- Lu C, Gallegos R, Li P, Xia CQ, Pusalkar S, Uttamsingh V, Nix D, Miwa GT, Gan LS: Investigation of drug-drug interaction potential of bortezomib in vivo in female Sprague-Dawley rats and in vitro in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):702-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.008060. Epub 2006 Jan 27. [Article]
- Uttamsingh V, Lu C, Miwa G, Gan LS: Relative contributions of the five major human cytochromes P450, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, to the hepatic metabolism of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Nov;33(11):1723-8. doi: 10.1124/dmd.105.005710. Epub 2005 Aug 15. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Bortezomib for Injection, for subcutaneous or intravenous use [Link]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- Abc-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- O'Connor R, Ooi MG, Meiller J, Jakubikova J, Klippel S, Delmore J, Richardson P, Anderson K, Clynes M, Mitsiades CS, O'Gorman P: The interaction of bortezomib with multidrug transporters: implications for therapeutic applications in advanced multiple myeloma and other neoplasias. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013 May;71(5):1357-68. doi: 10.1007/s00280-013-2136-7. Epub 2013 Apr 16. [Article]
- Clemens J, Welti L, Schafer J, Seckinger A, Burhenne J, Theile D, Weiss J: Bortezomib, carfilzomib and ixazomib do not mediate relevant transporter-based drug-drug interactions. Oncol Lett. 2017 Sep;14(3):3185-3192. doi: 10.3892/ol.2017.6560. Epub 2017 Jul 8. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- No
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Mediates the Na(+)-independent uptake of organic anions (PubMed:10779507, PubMed:15159445, PubMed:17412826). Shows broad substrate specificity, can transport both organic anions such as bile acid taurocholate (cholyltaurine) and conjugated steroids (17-beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and estrone 3-sulfate), as well as eicosanoid leukotriene C4, prostaglandin E2 and L-thyroxine (T4) (PubMed:10779507, PubMed:11159893, PubMed:12568656, PubMed:15159445, PubMed:17412826, PubMed:19129463). Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions (PubMed:19129463). Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity towards sulfated steroids, taurocholate and T4 which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment (PubMed:19129463). Involved in the clearance of bile acids and organic anions from the liver (PubMed:22232210). Can take up bilirubin glucuronides from plasma into the liver, contributing to the detoxification-enhancing liver-blood shuttling loop (PubMed:22232210). Transports coproporphyrin I and III, by-products of heme synthesis, and may be involved in their hepatic disposition (PubMed:26383540). May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable). Can transport HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as statins) such as pitavastatin, a clinically important class of hypolipidemic drugs (PubMed:15159445). May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel (PubMed:23243220). May also transport antihypertension agents, such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prodrug enalapril, and the highly selective angiotensin II AT1-receptor antagonist valsartan, in the liver (PubMed:16624871, PubMed:16627748)
- Specific Function
- Bile acid transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLCO1B3
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NPD5
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3
- Molecular Weight
- 77402.175 Da
References
- Alam K, Farasyn T, Crowe A, Ding K, Yue W: Treatment with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib decreases organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3-mediated transport in a substrate-dependent manner. PLoS One. 2017 Nov 6;12(11):e0186924. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186924. eCollection 2017. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at September 18, 2024 17:45