Cabergoline

Identification

Summary

Cabergoline is a dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemic conditions due to various causes.

Brand Names
Dostinex
Generic Name
Cabergoline
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00248
Background

Cabergoline, an ergot derivative, is a long-acting dopamine agonist and prolactin inhibitor. It is used to treat hyperprolactinemic disorders and Parkinsonian Syndrome. Cabergoline possesses potent agonist activity on dopamine D2 receptors.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 451.6043
Monoisotopic: 451.294725453
Chemical Formula
C26H37N5O2
Synonyms
  • (8R)-6-allyl-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N-(ethylcarbamoyl)ergoline-8-carboxamide
  • (8β)-N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-N-[(ethylamino)carbonyl]-6-(2-propenyl)-ergoline-8-carboxamide
  • 1-((6-allylergolin-8β-yl)carbonyl)-1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-3-ethylurea
  • 1-[(6-allylergoline-8β-yl)carbonyl]-1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylurea
  • 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylamionpropyl)-2-(6'-allylergoline-8'β-carbonyl)urea
  • Cabergolina
  • Cabergoline
  • Cabergolinum
External IDs
  • FCE 21336
  • FCE-21336

Pharmacology

Indication

For the treatment of hyperprolactinemic disorders, either idiopathic or due to prolactinoma (prolactin-secreting adenomas). May also be used to manage symptoms of Parkinsonian Syndrome as monotherapy during initial symptomatic management or as an adjunct to levodopa therapy during advanced stages of disease.

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Treatment ofHyperprolactinemic disorder••••••••••••
Treatment ofIdiopathic hyperprolactinemic disorder••••••••••••
Associated Therapies
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Cabergoline stimulates centrally-located dopaminergic receptors resulting in a number of pharmacologic effects. Five dopamine receptor types from two dopaminergic subfamilies have been identified. The dopaminergic D1 receptor subfamily consists of D1 and D5 subreceptors, which are associated with dyskinesias. The dopaminergic D2 receptor subfamily consists of D2, D3 and D4 subreceptors, which are associated with improvement of symptoms of movement disorders. Thus, agonist activity specific for D2 subfamily receptors, primarily D2 and D3 receptor subtypes, are the primary targets of dopaminergic antiparkinsonian agents. It is thought that postsynaptic D2 stimulation is primarily responsible for the antiparkinsonian effect of dopamine agonists, while presynaptic D2 stimulation confers neuroprotective effects. This semisynthetic ergot derivative exhibits potent agonist activity on dopamine D2- and D3-receptors. It also exhibits: agonist activity (in order of decreasing binding affinities) on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT1D, dopamine D4, 5-HT1A, dopamine D1, 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C receptors and antagonist activity on α2B, α2A, and α2C receptors. Parkinsonian Syndrome manifests when approximately 80% of dopaminergic activity in the nigrostriatal pathway of the brain is lost. As this striatum is involved in modulating the intensity of coordinated muscle activity (e.g. movement, balance, walking), loss of activity may result in dystonia (acute muscle contraction), Parkinsonism (including symptoms of bradykinesia, tremor, rigidity, and flattened affect), akathesia (inner restlessness), tardive dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements usually associated with long-term loss of dopaminergic activity), and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which manifests when complete blockage of nigrostriatal dopamine occurs. High dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic pathway of the brain causes hallucinations and delusions; these side effects of dopamine agonists are manifestations seen in patients with schizophrenia who have overractivity in this area of the brain. The hallucinogenic side effects of dopamine agonists may also be due to 5-HT2A agonism. The tuberoinfundibular pathway of the brain originates in the hypothalamus and terminates in the pituitary gland. In this pathway, dopamine inhibits lactotrophs in anterior pituitary from secreting prolactin. Increased dopaminergic activity in the tuberoinfundibular pathway inhibits prolactin secretion.

Mechanism of action

The dopamine D2 receptor is a 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor associated with Gi proteins. In lactotrophs, stimulation of dopamine D2 causes inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, which decreases intracellular cAMP concentrations and blocks IP3-dependent release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Decreases in intracellular calcium levels may also be brought about via inhibition of calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels, rather than via inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Additionally, receptor activation blocks phosphorylation of p42/p44 MAPK and decreases MAPK/ERK kinase phosphorylation. Inhibition of MAPK appears to be mediated by c-Raf and B-Raf-dependent inhibition of MAPK/ERK kinase. Dopamine-stimulated growth hormone release from the pituitary gland is mediated by a decrease in intracellular calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels rather than via adenylyl cyclase inhibition. Stimulation of dopamine D2 receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway leads to improvements in coordinated muscle activity in those with movement disorders. Cabergoline is a long-acting dopamine receptor agonist with a high affinity for D2 receptors. Receptor-binding studies indicate that cabergoline has low affinity for dopamine D1, α1,- and α2- adrenergic, and 5-HT1- and 5-HT2-serotonin receptors.

TargetActionsOrganism
ADopamine D2 receptor
agonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
agonist
Humans
UDopamine D3 receptor
agonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
agonist
Humans
UAlpha-2B adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D
agonist
Humans
UDopamine D4 receptor
agonist
Humans
UAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
agonist
Humans
UAlpha-2C adrenergic receptor
antagonist
Humans
UDopamine D5 receptor
agonist
Humans
UDopamine D1 receptor
agonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
agonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
agonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
antagonist
Humans
UAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor
binder
Humans
UAlpha-1B adrenergic receptor
binder
Humans
UAlpha-1D adrenergic receptor
binder
Humans
UBeta-1 adrenergic receptor
binder
Humans
UBeta-2 adrenergic receptor
binder
Humans
UD(1) dopamine receptor
agonist
Humans
Absorption

First-pass effect is seen, however the absolute bioavailability is unknown.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Moderately bound (40% to 42%) to human plasma proteins in a concentration-independent manner.

Metabolism

Hepatic. Cabergoline is extensively metabolized, predominately via hydrolysis of the acylurea bond of the urea moiety. Cytochrome P-450 mediated metabolism appears to be minimal. The main metabolite identified in urine is 6-allyl-8b-carboxy-ergoline (4-6% of dose). Three other metabolites were identified urine (less than 3% of dose).

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Route of elimination

After oral dosing of radioactive cabergoline to five healthy volunteers, approximately 22% and 60% of the dose was excreted within 20 days in the urine and feces, respectively. Less than 4% of the dose was excreted unchanged in the urine.

Half-life

The elimination half-life is estimated from urinary data of 12 healthy subjects to range between 63 to 69 hours.

Clearance
  • renal cl=0,008 L/min
  • nonrenal cl=3.2 L/min
Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Overdosage might be expected to produce nasal congestion, syncope, or hallucinations.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Cabergoline is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Cabergoline can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Cabergoline can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbrocitinibThe serum concentration of Cabergoline can be increased when it is combined with Abrocitinib.
AcalabrutinibThe metabolism of Cabergoline can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib.
Food Interactions
  • Exercise caution with grapefruit products. Cabergoline is partially metabolized through the CYP3A4 pathway. Therefore coadministration with grapefruit, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, may increase its serum concentration.
  • Exercise caution with St. John's Wort. Cabergoline is partially metabolized through the CYP3A4 pathway. Therefore coadministration with St. John's Wort, a CYP3A4 inducer, may reduce its serum concentration.
  • Take with or without food. Taking cabergoline with food may reduce gastric irritation.

Products

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Product Images
International/Other Brands
Cabaser (Pfizer)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Act CabergolineTablet0.5 mgOralTEVA Canada Limited2007-11-06Not applicableCanada flag
CabergolineTablet0.5 mgOralCobalt LaboratoriesNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
CabergolineTablet0.5 mg/1OralGreenstone, Ltd.2006-03-012006-03-01US flag
DostinexTablet0.5 mg/1OralPharmacia and Upjohn Company LLC1996-12-232010-06-01US flag
DostinexTablet0.5 mgOralPfizer Canada Ulc2000-06-30Not applicableCanada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo-cabergolineTablet0.5 mgOralApotex Corporation2017-03-23Not applicableCanada flag
CabergolineTablet0.5 mg/1OralA-S Medication Solutions2022-06-15Not applicableUS flag
CabergolineTablet0.5 mg/1OralAvera McKennan Hospital2015-04-142017-05-24US flag
CabergolineTablet0.5 mg/1OralGreenstone LLC2014-09-22Not applicableUS flag
CabergolineTablet0.5 mg/1OralTeva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.2007-03-07Not applicableUS flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N04BC06 — CabergolineG02CB03 — Cabergoline
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as lysergic acids and derivatives. These are alkaloids with a structure based on the lysergic acid skeleton.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Alkaloids and derivatives
Class
Ergoline and derivatives
Sub Class
Lysergic acids and derivatives
Direct Parent
Lysergic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Indoloquinolines / Benzoquinolines / Pyrroloquinolines / Quinoline-3-carboxamides / 3-alkylindoles / Piperidinecarboxamides / Isoindoles and derivatives / N-acyl ureas / Aralkylamines / Benzenoids
show 10 more
Substituents
3-alkylindole / 3-piperidinecarboxamide / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Benzenoid / Benzoquinoline / Carbonic acid derivative
show 28 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
N-acylurea (CHEBI:3286)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
LL60K9J05T
CAS number
81409-90-7
InChI Key
KORNTPPJEAJQIU-KJXAQDMKSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C26H37N5O2/c1-5-11-30-17-19(25(32)31(26(33)27-6-2)13-8-12-29(3)4)14-21-20-9-7-10-22-24(20)18(16-28-22)15-23(21)30/h5,7,9-10,16,19,21,23,28H,1,6,8,11-15,17H2,2-4H3,(H,27,33)/t19-,21-,23-/m1/s1
IUPAC Name
1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethyl-1-[(2R,4R,7R)-6-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-6,11-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.0^{2,7}.0^{12,16}]hexadeca-1(16),9,12,14-tetraene-4-carbonyl]urea
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC3=CNC4=CC=CC(=C34)[C@@]1([H])C[C@H](CN2CC=C)C(=O)N(CCCN(C)C)C(=O)NCC

References

Synthesis Reference
US4526892
General References
  1. Pastor P, Tolosa E: [Cabergoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease]. Neurologia. 2003 May;18(4):202-9. [Article]
  2. Curran MP, Perry CM: Cabergoline : a review of its use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Drugs. 2004;64(18):2125-41. [Article]
  3. Bracco F, Battaglia A, Chouza C, Dupont E, Gershanik O, Marti Masso JF, Montastruc JL: The long-acting dopamine receptor agonist cabergoline in early Parkinson's disease: final results of a 5-year, double-blind, levodopa-controlled study. CNS Drugs. 2004;18(11):733-46. [Article]
  4. Miyagi M, Arai N, Taya F, Itoh F, Komatsu Y, Kojima M, Isaji M: Effect of cabergoline, a long-acting dopamine D2 agonist, on reserpine-treated rodents. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Nov;19(11):1499-502. [Article]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014393
KEGG Drug
D00987
KEGG Compound
C08187
PubChem Compound
54746
PubChem Substance
46508571
ChemSpider
49452
BindingDB
50426497
RxNav
47579
ChEBI
3286
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201087
ZINC
ZINC000003800008
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000251
PharmGKB
PA448708
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Cabergoline

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Impax laboratories inc
  • Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Par pharmaceutical inc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Pharmacia and upjohn co
Packagers
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Cobalt Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Finetech Pharmaceutical Ltd.
  • Greenstone LLC
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Par Pharmaceuticals
  • Pfizer Inc.
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionOral
TabletOral0.500 mg
TabletOral
TabletOral4 mg
TabletOral1 MG
TabletOral2 MG
TabletOral0.5 mg/1
TabletOral5 MG
TabletOral0.5 mg
TabletOral0.50 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Cabergoline 0.5 mg tablet37.39USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)102-104 °CNot Available
water solubilityInsolubleNot Available
logP2.6Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.064 mg/mLALOGPS
logP2.97ALOGPS
logP2.58Chemaxon
logS-3.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.25Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.32Chemaxon
Physiological Charge2Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area71.68 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count8Chemaxon
Refractivity133.5 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability52.5 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings4Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterNoChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9383
Caco-2 permeable-0.6583
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.7972
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.8903
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.7698
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.5339
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.812
CYP450 2D6 substrateNon-substrate0.7438
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6336
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.7733
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7396
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.7124
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.8341
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.6476
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.8712
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.5619
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8542
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.846
Rat acute toxicity2.8786 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.6224
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.5309
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0a4u-9332300000-c399dad54a5ca1142e58
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0ue9-0003900000-3e1cbce3ba364130eacf
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0pdi-0004900000-1c5d75a311e554b3f3dc
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-2129300000-902e6bda0e5215f3fcba
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-2439000000-43c51bf3bfe8de2b7cf2
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0udi-7976100000-c82573eafd2d30aeca92
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00dl-2059000000-7c277943fda8aff81816
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-224.1402793
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-227.9984793
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-212.00554
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+223.7082793
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+229.0634793
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+214.37596
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+223.9393793
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+227.6260793
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+220.2885
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new
insights and accelerate drug research.
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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name
DRD2
Uniprot ID
P14416
Uniprot Name
D(2) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
50618.91 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Lombardi G, Varsaldi F, Miglio G, Papini MG, Battaglia A, Canonico PL: Cabergoline prevents necrotic neuronal death in an in vitro model of oxidative stress. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Dec 20;457(2-3):95-8. [Article]
  3. Kageyama K, Nigawara T, Kamata Y, Takahashi T, Anzai J, Suzuki S, Osamura YR, Suda T: A case of macroprolactinoma with subclinical growth hormone production. Endocr J. 2002 Feb;49(1):41-7. [Article]
  4. Pastor P, Tolosa E: [Cabergoline in the treatment of Parkinson's disease]. Neurologia. 2003 May;18(4):202-9. [Article]
  5. Curran MP, Perry CM: Cabergoline : a review of its use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Drugs. 2004;64(18):2125-41. [Article]
  6. Miyagi M, Arai N, Taya F, Itoh F, Komatsu Y, Kojima M, Isaji M: Effect of cabergoline, a long-acting dopamine D2 agonist, on reserpine-treated rodents. Biol Pharm Bull. 1996 Nov;19(11):1499-502. [Article]
  7. Ichikawa K, Kojima M: [Pharmacological effects of cabergoline against parkinsonism]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2001 Jun;117(6):395-400. [Article]
  8. Linazasoro G: Conversion from dopamine agonists to cabergoline: an open-label trial in 128 patients with advanced Parkinson disease. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2008 Jan-Feb;31(1):19-24. doi: 10.1097/wnf.0b013e318067bcc4. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation...
Gene Name
HTR2B
Uniprot ID
P41595
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
Molecular Weight
54297.41 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Sharif NA: Serotonin-2 receptor agonists as novel ocular hypotensive agents and their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Aug;11(8):978-93. [Article]
  4. Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Kelly CR, Katoli P, Drace C, Husain S, Crosson C, Toris C, Zhan GL, Camras C: Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):386-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 1. [Article]
  5. Huang XP, Setola V, Yadav PN, Allen JA, Rogan SC, Hanson BJ, Revankar C, Robers M, Doucette C, Roth BL: Parallel functional activity profiling reveals valvulopathogens are potent 5-hydroxytryptamine(2B) receptor agonists: implications for drug safety assessment. Mol Pharmacol. 2009 Oct;76(4):710-22. doi: 10.1124/mol.109.058057. Epub 2009 Jul 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name
DRD3
Uniprot ID
P35462
Uniprot Name
D(3) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
44224.335 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Kelly CR, Katoli P, Drace C, Husain S, Crosson C, Toris C, Zhan GL, Camras C: Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):386-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodop...
Gene Name
HTR2A
Uniprot ID
P28223
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
Molecular Weight
52602.58 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Sharif NA: Serotonin-2 receptor agonists as novel ocular hypotensive agents and their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Aug;11(8):978-93. [Article]
  4. Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Kelly CR, Katoli P, Drace C, Husain S, Crosson C, Toris C, Zhan GL, Camras C: Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):386-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Epinephrine binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine...
Gene Name
ADRA2B
Uniprot ID
P18089
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
49565.8 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Kelly CR, Katoli P, Drace C, Husain S, Crosson C, Toris C, Zhan GL, Camras C: Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):386-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 1. [Article]
  4. Newman-Tancredi A, Cussac D, Audinot V, Nicolas JP, De Ceuninck F, Boutin JA, Millan MJ: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. II. Agonist and antagonist properties at subtypes of dopamine D(2)-like receptor and alpha(1)/alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):805-14. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
Gene Name
HTR1D
Uniprot ID
P28221
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D
Molecular Weight
41906.38 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Sh3 domain binding
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins ...
Gene Name
DRD4
Uniprot ID
P21917
Uniprot Name
D(4) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
48359.86 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Newman-Tancredi A, Cussac D, Audinot V, Nicolas JP, De Ceuninck F, Boutin JA, Millan MJ: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. II. Agonist and antagonist properties at subtypes of dopamine D(2)-like receptor and alpha(1)/alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):805-14. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...
Gene Name
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID
P08913
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
48956.275 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Newman-Tancredi A, Cussac D, Audinot V, Nicolas JP, De Ceuninck F, Boutin JA, Millan MJ: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. II. Agonist and antagonist properties at subtypes of dopamine D(2)-like receptor and alpha(1)/alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):805-14. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
Gene Name
HTR1A
Uniprot ID
P08908
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Molecular Weight
46106.335 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Kelly CR, Katoli P, Drace C, Husain S, Crosson C, Toris C, Zhan GL, Camras C: Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):386-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
Gene Name
ADRA2C
Uniprot ID
P18825
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
49521.585 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Newman-Tancredi A, Cussac D, Audinot V, Nicolas JP, De Ceuninck F, Boutin JA, Millan MJ: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. II. Agonist and antagonist properties at subtypes of dopamine D(2)-like receptor and alpha(1)/alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):805-14. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name
DRD5
Uniprot ID
P21918
Uniprot Name
D(1B) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
52950.5 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Kvernmo T, Hartter S, Burger E: A review of the receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopamine agonists. Clin Ther. 2006 Aug;28(8):1065-78. [Article]
  3. Ichikawa K, Kojima M: [Pharmacological effects of cabergoline against parkinsonism]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2001 Jun;117(6):395-400. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name
DRD1
Uniprot ID
P21728
Uniprot Name
D(1A) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
49292.765 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Kvernmo T, Hartter S, Burger E: A review of the receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopamine agonists. Clin Ther. 2006 Aug;28(8):1065-78. [Article]
  4. Ichikawa K, Kojima M: [Pharmacological effects of cabergoline against parkinsonism]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 2001 Jun;117(6):395-400. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive subst...
Gene Name
HTR1B
Uniprot ID
P28222
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
Molecular Weight
43567.535 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-...
Gene Name
HTR2C
Uniprot ID
P28335
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
Molecular Weight
51820.705 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Lam YW: Clinical pharmacology of dopamine agonists. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jan;20(1 Pt 2):17S-25S. [Article]
  3. Sharif NA: Serotonin-2 receptor agonists as novel ocular hypotensive agents and their cellular and molecular mechanisms of action. Curr Drug Targets. 2010 Aug;11(8):978-93. [Article]
  4. Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Kelly CR, Katoli P, Drace C, Husain S, Crosson C, Toris C, Zhan GL, Camras C: Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):386-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor ...
Gene Name
HTR7
Uniprot ID
P34969
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
Molecular Weight
53554.43 Da
References
  1. Sharif NA, McLaughlin MA, Kelly CR, Katoli P, Drace C, Husain S, Crosson C, Toris C, Zhan GL, Camras C: Cabergoline: Pharmacology, ocular hypotensive studies in multiple species, and aqueous humor dynamic modulation in the Cynomolgus monkey eyes. Exp Eye Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):386-97. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.003. Epub 2008 Nov 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
Gene Name
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID
P35348
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):791-804. [Article]
  2. PDSP Ki Database [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
Gene Name
ADRA1B
Uniprot ID
P35368
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
56835.375 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):791-804. [Article]
  2. PDSP Ki Database [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium.
Gene Name
ADRA1D
Uniprot ID
P25100
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
60462.205 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):791-804. [Article]
  2. PDSP Ki Database [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Receptor signaling protein activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately e...
Gene Name
ADRB1
Uniprot ID
P08588
Uniprot Name
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51322.1 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):791-804. [Article]
  2. PDSP Ki Database [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Binder
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately ...
Gene Name
ADRB2
Uniprot ID
P07550
Uniprot Name
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
46458.32 Da
References
  1. Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):791-804. [Article]
  2. PDSP Ki Database [Link]
Kind
Protein group
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.

Components:
References
  1. Millan MJ, Maiofiss L, Cussac D, Audinot V, Boutin JA, Newman-Tancredi A: Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Nov;303(2):791-804. [Article]
  2. PDSP Ki Database [Link]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Kvernmo T, Houben J, Sylte I: Receptor-binding and pharmacokinetic properties of dopaminergic agonists. Curr Top Med Chem. 2008;8(12):1049-67. [Article]
  2. Nakatsuka A, Nagai M, Yabe H, Nishikawa N, Nomura T, Moritoyo H, Moritoyo T, Nomoto M: Effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of cabergoline in healthy controls and in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Pharmacol Sci. 2006 Jan;100(1):59-64. doi: 10.1254/jphs.fp0050711. Epub 2006 Jan 13. [Article]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
No
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Athanasoulia AP, Sievers C, Ising M, Brockhaus AC, Yassouridis A, Stalla GK, Uhr M: Polymorphisms of the drug transporter gene ABCB1 predict side effects of treatment with cabergoline in patients with PRL adenomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2012 Sep;167(3):327-35. doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0198. Epub 2012 Jun 6. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48