Omeprazole

Identification

Summary

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat GERD associated conditions such as heartburn and gastric acid hypersecretion, and to promote healing of tissue damage and ulcers caused by gastric acid and H. pylori infection.

Brand Names
Konvomep, Losec, Omeclamox, Omesec, Previdolrx Analgesic Pak, Prilosec, Talicia, Yosprala, Zegerid, Zegerid Reformulated Aug 2006, Zegerid With Magnesium Hydroxide
Generic Name
Omeprazole
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00338
Background

Originally approved by the FDA in 1989, omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor, used to treat gastric acid-related disorders. These disorders may include gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer disease, and other diseases characterized by the oversecretion of gastric acid. This drug was the first clinical useful drug in its class, and its approval was followed by the formulation of many other proton pump inhibitor drugs 6. Omeprazole is generally effective and well-tolerated, promoting its popular use in children and adults Label.

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 345.416
Monoisotopic: 345.114712179
Chemical Formula
C17H19N3O3S
Synonyms
  • OMEP
  • Omeprazol
  • Omeprazole
  • Omeprazolum

Pharmacology

Indication

Omeprazole, according to the FDA label Label is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) used for the following purposes:

• Treatment of active duodenal ulcer in adults

• Eradication of Helicobacter pylori to reduce the risk of duodenal ulcer recurrence in adults

• Treatment of active benign gastric ulcer in adults

• Reduction of risk of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in critically ill adult patients.

• Treatment of symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients 1 year of age and older

• Treatment of erosive esophagitis (EE) due to acid-mediated GERD in patients 1 month of age and older

• Maintenance of healing of EE due to acid-mediated GERD in patients 1 year of age and older

• Pathologic hypersecretory conditions in adults

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Used in combination for symptomatic treatment ofAnkylosing spondylitis (as)Combination Product in combination with: Diclofenac (DB00586)••••••••••••••••••••• •••• •••••••••••••• •••••••••••••• ••••••• •••••••
Treatment ofDuodenal ulcers•••••••••••••••••
Management ofErosive esophagitis••••••••••••
Treatment ofGastric ulcer•••••••••••••••••
Symptomatic treatment ofGastroesophageal reflux disease••••••••••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Effects on gastric acid secretion

This drug decreases gastric acid secretion Label. After oral administration, the onset of the antisecretory effect of omeprazole is usually achieved within one hour, with the maximum effect occurring by 2 hours after administration. The inhibitory effect of omeprazole on acid secretion increases with repeated once-daily dosing, reaching a plateau after four days Label.

Effects on serum gastrin

In studies of 200 or more patients, serum gastrin levels increased during the first 1-2 weeks of daily administration of therapeutic doses of omeprazole. This occurred in a parallel fashion with the inhibition of acid secretion. No further increase in serum gastrin occurred with continued omeprazole administration. Increased gastrin causes enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia and increased serum Chromogranin A (CgA) levels. The increased CgA levels may lead to false positive results in diagnostic studies for neuroendocrine tumors Label.

Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell effects

Human gastric biopsy samples have been obtained from more than 3000 pediatric and adult patients treated with omeprazole in long-term clinical studies. The incidence of enterochromaffin-like cell hyperplasia in these studies increased with time; however, no case of ECL cell carcinoids, dysplasia, or neoplasia have been identified in these patients. These studies, however, are of insufficient in power and duration to draw conclusions on the possible influence of long-term administration of omeprazole in the development of any premalignant or malignant conditions Label.

Other effects

Systemic effects of omeprazole in the central nervous system, cardiovascular and respiratory systems have not been found to date. Omeprazole, given in oral doses of 30 or 40 mg for 2-4 weeks, showed no effect on thyroid function, carbohydrate metabolism, or circulating levels of parathyroid hormone, cortisol, estradiol, testosterone, prolactin, cholecystokinin or secretin Label.

Mechanism of action

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion into the gastric lumen is a process regulated mainly by the H(+)/K(+)-ATPase of the proton pump 10, expressed in high quantities by the parietal cells of the stomach. ATPase is an enzyme on the parietal cell membrane that facilitates hydrogen and potassium exchange through the cell, which normally results in the extrusion of potassium and formation of HCl (gastric acid) 9.

Omeprazole is a member of a class of antisecretory compounds, the substituted benzimidazoles, that stop gastric acid secretion by selective inhibition of the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system. Proton-pump inhibitors such as omeprazole bind covalently to cysteine residues via disulfide bridges on the alpha subunit of the H+/K+ ATPase pump, inhibiting gastric acid secretion for up to 36 hours 11. This antisecretory effect is dose-related and leads to the inhibition of both basal and stimulated acid secretion, regardless of the stimulus Label.

Mechanism of H. pylori eradication

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is frequently associated with Helicobacter pylori bacterial infection (NSAIDs) 12. The treatment of H. pylori infection may include the addition of omeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors as part of the treatment regimen Label, 13. H. pylori replicates most effectively at a neutral pH 14. Acid inhibition in H. pylori eradication therapy, including proton-pump inhibitors such as omeprazole, raises gastric pH, discouraging the growth of H.pylori 13. It is generally believed that proton pump inhibitors inhibit the urease enzyme, which increases the pathogenesis of H. pylori in gastric-acid related conditions 15.

TargetActionsOrganism
APotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1
inhibitor
Humans
UAryl hydrocarbon receptor
agonist
Humans
Absorption

Omeprazole delayed-release capsules contain an enteric-coated granule formulation of omeprazole (because omeprazole is acid-labile), so that absorption of omeprazole begins only after the granules exit the stomach Label.

Absorption of omeprazole occurs rapidly, with peak plasma concentrations of omeprazole achieved within 0.5-3.5 hours Label.

Absolute bioavailability (compared with intravenous administration) is approximately 30-40% at doses of 20-40 mg, largely due to pre-systemic metabolism. The bioavailability of omeprazole increases slightly upon repeated administration of omeprazole delayed-release capsules Label.

Volume of distribution

Approximately 0.3 L/kg, corresponding to the volume of extracellular water 5.

Protein binding

Approximately 95% bound to human plasma proteins Label.

Metabolism

Omeprazole is heavily metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system. The main part of its metabolism depends on the polymorphically expressed CYP2C19, which is responsible for the formation of hydroxyomeprazole, the major metabolite found in plasma. The remaining part depends on CYP3A4, responsible for the formation of omeprazole sulphone Label.

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Route of elimination

After a single dose oral dose of a buffered solution of omeprazole, negligible (if any) amounts of unchanged drug were excreted in urine. Most of the dose (about 77%) was eliminated in urine as at least six different metabolites. Two metabolites were identified as hydroxyomeprazole and the corresponding carboxylic acid. The remainder of the dose was found in the feces. This suggests significant biliary excretion of omeprazole metabolites. Three metabolites have been identified in the plasma, the sulfide and sulfone derivatives of omeprazole, and hydroxyomeprazole. These metabolites possess minimal or no antisecretory activity Label.

Half-life

0.5-1 hour (healthy subjects, delayed-release capsule) Label
Approximately 3 hours (hepatic impairment) Label

Clearance

Healthy subject (delayed release capsule), total body clearance 500 - 600 mL/min Label

Geriatric plasma clearance: 250 mL/min Label

Hepatic impairment plasma clearance: 70 mL/min Label

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Oral acute (LD50): 4000 mg/kg (mouse), 2210 mg/kg (rat) MSDS.

Overdose

Symptoms of overdose include confusion, drowsiness, blurred vision, tachycardia, nausea, diaphoresis, flushing, headache, and dry mouth.

Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis

In 24-month studies in rats, a dose-related significant increase in gastric carcinoid tumors and ECL cell hyperplasia was seen in male and female animals. Carcinoid tumors have also been found in rats treated with a fundectomy or long-term treatment with other proton pump inhibitors, or high doses of H2-receptor antagonists Label.

Omeprazole showed positive clastogenic effects in an in vitro human lymphocyte chromosomal aberration study, in one of two in vivo mouse micronucleus tests, and in an in vivo bone marrow cell chromosomal aberration test. Omeprazole tested negative in the in vitro Ames test, an in vitro mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, and an in vivo rat liver DNA damage assay Label.

The use in breastfeeding

Limited data indicate that omeprazole may be present in human milk. There is currently no information on the effects of omeprazole on the breastfed infant or production of milk. The benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the level of need for omeprazole and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from omeprazole Label.

Effects on fertility

Effects of omeprazole at oral doses up to 138 mg/kg/day in rats (about 34 times an oral human dose) was found to have no impact on fertility and reproductive performance Label.

Pathways
PathwayCategory
Omeprazole Metabolism PathwayDrug metabolism
Omeprazole Action PathwayDrug action
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Interacting Gene/EnzymeAllele nameGenotype(s)Defining Change(s)Type(s)DescriptionDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2(A;A)A Allele, homozygoteEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of omeprazole.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*3(A;A)A Allele, homozygoteEffect Directly StudiedPatients with this genotype have reduced metabolism of omeprazole.Details
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2ANot Available681G>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*2BNot Available681G>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*4Not Available1A>GEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*5Not Available1297C>TEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*6Not Available395G>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*7Not Available19294T>AEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*22Not Available557G>C / 991A>GEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*24Not Available99C>T / 991A>G  … show all Effect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails
Cytochrome P450 2C19CYP2C19*35Not Available12662A>GEffect InferredPoor metabolizer, lower dose requirement, improved drug efficacyDetails

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
AbataceptThe metabolism of Omeprazole can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbrocitinibThe metabolism of Abrocitinib can be decreased when combined with Omeprazole.
AcenocoumarolThe metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be decreased when combined with Omeprazole.
AdalimumabThe metabolism of Omeprazole can be increased when combined with Adalimumab.
AlbendazoleThe metabolism of Albendazole can be decreased when combined with Omeprazole.
Food Interactions
  • Take before a meal. Allow 30-60 minutes before a meal.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Omeprazole magnesium426QFE7XLK95382-33-5KWORUUGOSLYAGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Omeprazole sodiumKV03YZ6QLW95510-70-6RYXPMWYHEBGTRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Antra / Audazol / Belmazol / Ceprandal / Danlox / Desec / Elgam / Emeproton / Gasec / Gastrimut / Gastroloc / Indurgan / Inhibitron / Logastric / Losec / Mepral / Mopral / Olexin / Omapren / Omepral / Omeprazon / Omeprol / Omezol / Omisec / Omizac / Ortanol / Parizac / Prazidec / Prazolit / Procelac / Ramezol / Regulacid / Sanamidol / Ulceral / Ulcesep / Ultop / Zepral
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Leader OmeprazoleTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralRemedy Repack2013-04-242014-04-24US flag
LosecTablet, delayed release20 mgOralCheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh1996-12-312021-10-31Canada flag
LosecCapsule, delayed release20 mgOralCheplapharm Arzneimittel Gmbh1989-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Losec 10 mgTablet, delayed release10 mgOralAstra Zeneca1997-04-282019-11-16Canada flag
Losec Capsules 10mgCapsule, delayed release10 mgOralAstra Zeneca2000-10-032013-12-04Canada flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Ag-omeprazole DrTablet, delayed release20 mgOralAngita Pharma Inc.Not applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Apo-omeprazoleCapsule, delayed release40 mgOralApotex CorporationNot applicableNot applicableCanada flag
Apo-omeprazoleCapsule, delayed release20 mgOralApotex Corporation2004-01-28Not applicableCanada flag
Auro-omeprazoleCapsule, delayed release10 mgOralAuro Pharma Inc2014-03-262014-03-26Canada flag
Auro-omeprazoleCapsule, delayed release20 mgOralAuro Pharma Inc2014-03-262014-03-26Canada flag
Over the Counter Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
24 Hr OmeprazoleTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralMEIJER, INC.2022-05-25Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralRUGBY LABORATORIES2020-09-15Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralAurohealth LLC2018-06-06Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerTablet, delayed release20 mg/1OralFamily Dollar, Inc.2018-06-06Not applicableUS flag
Acid ReducerCapsule, delayed release20 mg/1OralLEADER/ Cardinal Health 110, Inc.2017-03-07Not applicableUS flag
Mixture Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
ArthroComb 75 mg/20 mg Hartkapseln mit veränderter WirkstofffreisetzungOmeprazole (20 mg) + Diclofenac sodium (75 mg)Capsule, delayed releaseOralAristo Pharma Gmb H2017-04-27Not applicableAustria flag
Aspirin and Omeprazole Delayed-release TabOmeprazole (40 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg/1)Tablet, film coatedOralInnovida Phamaceutique Corporation2019-07-172021-11-30US flag
Aspirin and Omeprazole Delayed-release TabOmeprazole (40 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1)Tablet, film coatedOralInnovida Phamaceutique Corporation2019-07-172022-01-31US flag
Aspirin and Omeprazole Delayed-release TabOmeprazole (40 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (81 mg/1)Tablet, film coatedOralInnovida Therapeutique Corporation2019-11-13Not applicableUS flag
Basic Care Omeprazole and Sodium BicarbonateOmeprazole (20 mg/1) + Sodium bicarbonate (1100 mg/1)Capsule, gelatin coatedOralAmazon.com Services LLC2021-07-22Not applicableUS flag
Unapproved/Other Products
NameIngredientsDosageRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
OMEPROL 20 MG MIKROPELLET KAPSUL, 28 ADETOmeprazole (20 mg)Capsule, coated pelletsOralSANDOZ İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. A.Ş.2014-11-11Not applicableTurkey flag

Categories

ATC Codes
A02BC01 — OmeprazoleA02BD05 — Omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycinA02BD16 — Omeprazole, amoxicillin and rifabutinA02BD01 — Omeprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sulfinylbenzimidazoles. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a sulfinyl group attached at the position 2 of a benzimidazole moiety.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organoheterocyclic compounds
Class
Benzimidazoles
Sub Class
Sulfinylbenzimidazoles
Direct Parent
Sulfinylbenzimidazoles
Alternative Parents
Anisoles / Methylpyridines / Alkyl aryl ethers / Imidazoles / Heteroaromatic compounds / Sulfoxides / Sulfinyl compounds / Azacyclic compounds / Organopnictogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds
show 2 more
Substituents
Alkyl aryl ether / Anisole / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound / Azacycle / Azole / Benzenoid / Ether / Heteroaromatic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Imidazole
show 12 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
aromatic ether, sulfoxide, pyridines, benzimidazoles (CHEBI:77260)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
KG60484QX9
CAS number
73590-58-6
InChI Key
SUBDBMMJDZJVOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C17H19N3O3S/c1-10-8-18-15(11(2)16(10)23-4)9-24(21)17-19-13-6-5-12(22-3)7-14(13)20-17/h5-8H,9H2,1-4H3,(H,19,20)
IUPAC Name
6-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethylpyridin-2-yl)methanesulfinyl]-1H-1,3-benzodiazole
SMILES
COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N=C(N2)S(=O)CC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C

References

Synthesis Reference

Arne E. Brandstrom, Bo R. Lamm, "Processes for the preparation of omeprazole and intermediates therefore." U.S. Patent US4620008, issued October, 1982.

US4620008
General References
  1. Yang YX, Lewis JD, Epstein S, Metz DC: Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture. JAMA. 2006 Dec 27;296(24):2947-53. [Article]
  2. Castell D: Review of immediate-release omeprazole for the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005 Nov;6(14):2501-10. doi: 10.1517/14656566.6.14.2501 . [Article]
  3. Higuera-de-la-Tijera F: Efficacy of omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate treatment in gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review. Medwave. 2018 Mar 14;18(2):e7179. doi: 10.5867/medwave.2018.02.7179. [Article]
  4. Welage LS, Berardi RR: Evaluation of omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole in the treatment of acid-related diseases. J Am Pharm Assoc (Wash). 2000 Jan-Feb;40(1):52-62; quiz 121-3. [Article]
  5. Cederberg C, Andersson T, Skanberg I: Omeprazole: pharmacokinetics and metabolism in man. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1989;166:33-40; discussion 41-2. [Article]
  6. Strand DS, Kim D, Peura DA: 25 Years of Proton Pump Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. Gut Liver. 2017 Jan 15;11(1):27-37. doi: 10.5009/gnl15502. [Article]
  7. McTavish D, Buckley MM, Heel RC: Omeprazole. An updated review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in acid-related disorders. Drugs. 1991 Jul;42(1):138-70. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199142010-00008. [Article]
  8. Langtry HD, Wilde MI: Omeprazole. A review of its use in Helicobacter pylori infection, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcers induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drugs. 1998 Sep;56(3):447-86. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199856030-00012. [Article]
  9. Lewin MJ: Cellular mechanisms and inhibitors of gastric acid secretion. Drugs Today (Barc). 1999 Oct;35(10):743-52. [Article]
  10. Sachs G, Wallmark B: The gastric H+,K+-ATPase: the site of action of omeprazole. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1989;166:3-11. [Article]
  11. Sachs G, Shin JM, Howden CW: Review article: the clinical pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jun;23 Suppl 2:2-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02943.x. [Article]
  12. Sung JJ, Kuipers EJ, El-Serag HB: Systematic review: the global incidence and prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 May 1;29(9):938-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03960.x. [Article]
  13. Vcev A, Stimac D, Vceva A, Takac B, Pezerovic D, Ivandic A: High dose omeprazole plus amoxicillin and azithromycin in eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcers. Helicobacter. 1999 Mar;4(1):54-7. [Article]
  14. Scott DR, Sachs G, Marcus EA: The role of acid inhibition in Helicobacter pylori eradication. F1000Res. 2016 Jul 19;5. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.8598.1. eCollection 2016. [Article]
  15. Mobley HL: The role of Helicobacter pylori urease in the pathogenesis of gastritis and peptic ulceration. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Apr;10 Suppl 1:57-64. [Article]
  16. FDA Approved Drug Products: Talicia Amoxicillin, Omeprazole, and Rifabutin Oral Delayed Release Capsules [Link]
  17. NIH StatPearls: Omeprazole [Link]
  18. FDA Approved Products: Prilosec (omeprazole) oral delayed release capsules [Link]
  19. FDA Approved Drug Products: KONVOMEP™ (omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate for oral suspension) [Link]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0001913
KEGG Drug
D00455
KEGG Compound
C07324
PubChem Compound
4594
PubChem Substance
46509065
ChemSpider
4433
BindingDB
50241343
RxNav
7646
ChEBI
77260
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1503
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000180
PharmGKB
PA10075
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
PDRhealth
PDRhealth Drug Page
Wikipedia
Omeprazole
FDA label
Download (1.01 MB)
MSDS
Download (73.8 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4CompletedNot AvailableAchlorhydria / Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) / Hip Fracture / Osteoporosis1
4CompletedNot AvailableNormal Healthy Subject Population1
4CompletedBasic ScienceClostridium Difficile1
4CompletedBasic ScienceHealthy Volunteers (HV)1
4CompletedBasic ScienceProbiotics1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Apotex inc
  • Dr reddys laboratories ltd
  • Impax laboratories inc
  • Kremers urban development co
  • Lek pharmaceuticals d d
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Watson laboratories inc florida
  • Astrazeneca lp
  • Dexcel pharma technologies ltd
  • Santarus, Inc.
Packagers
  • Aidarex Pharmacuticals LLC
  • Altura Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Apotex Inc.
  • A-S Medication Solutions LLC
  • Astra Pharma Inc.
  • AstraZeneca Inc.
  • Atlantic Biologicals Corporation
  • Blenheim Pharmacal
  • Bryant Ranch Prepack
  • Cardinal Health
  • Caremark LLC
  • Comprehensive Consultant Services Inc.
  • Concern Stirol
  • Contract Packaging Resources Inc.
  • Corepharma LLC
  • Coupler Enterprises Inc.
  • CVS Pharmacy
  • Dept Health Central Pharmacy
  • Dexcel Ltd.
  • DHHS Program Support Center Supply Service Center
  • Dispensing Solutions
  • Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
  • Doctor Reddys Laboratories Ltd.
  • Ftl International Inc.
  • Global Pharmaceuticals
  • Golden State Medical Supply Inc.
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Impax Laboratories Inc.
  • Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
  • Kaiser Foundation Hospital
  • Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Laboratorios Dr Esteve SA
  • Lake Erie Medical and Surgical Supply
  • Lek Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Medsource Pharmaceuticals
  • Merck & Co.
  • Merial Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Par Pharmaceuticals
  • Patheon Inc.
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Perrigo Co.
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Prescript Pharmaceuticals
  • Procter & Gamble
  • Ranbaxy Laboratories
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Remedy Repack
  • S&P Healthcare
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Sandoz
  • Santarus Inc.
  • Schwarz Pharma Inc.
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • St Mary's Medical Park Pharmacy
  • Stat Rx Usa
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • Torpharm Inc.
  • UDL Laboratories
  • Vangard Labs Inc.
  • Watson Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
SolutionIntravenous44.632 mg
CapsuleOral20.0 mg
CapsuleOral20.0000 ml
CapsuleOral40 MG
Capsule; kit; tabletOral
Tablet, delayed releaseOral
CapsuleOral235.3 mg
SolutionIntravenous40.000 mg
InjectionIntravenous
SolutionParenteral44.630 mg
CapsuleOral10.000 mg
CapsuleOral40.000 mg
Kit; solution; suspensionOral
SolutionParenteral
Capsule, delayed release; capsule, extended releaseOral
Tablet, delayed releaseOral10 mg
CapsuleOral235.300 mg
Capsule, delayed releaseOral40 mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral20 mg
TabletOral10 MG
TabletOral20 MG
Tablet, film coatedOral10 mg
CapsuleOral235.290 mg
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous
Capsule, extended releaseOral10 mg
Injection, solutionIntravenous40 mg
Capsule, coated pelletsOral
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous40 MG
Capsule, delayed releaseOral10 MG
CapsuleOral
Capsule; capsule, delayed release; kit; tabletOral
KitOral
Capsule, coated pelletsOral20 mg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral40 MG
Tablet, coatedOral20 mg
CapsuleOral20 MG
Powder, for solutionIntravenous40 MG
Capsule, coatedOral10 mg
Capsule, coatedOral
Capsule, coatedOral20 mg
Capsule, coatedOral40 mg
Capsule, coatedOral4000000 mg
PowderIntravenous40 mg
Capsule, coatedOral470.59 mg
Capsule, coatedOral21 mg
Capsule, coatedOral232.8 mg
CapsuleOral40 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral20.6 mg/1
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral10 mg/1
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral20 mg/1
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral40 mg/1
PowderNot applicable1 kg/1kg
Tablet, delayed releaseOral20 mg/1
Tablet, orally disintegrating, delayed releaseOral20 mg/1
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionIntravenous40 mg
For suspensionOral
CapsuleOral10 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral10 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral20 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral40 mg/1
CapsuleOral20.6 mg/1
Tablet, film coatedOral20 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous126 mg
TabletOral
Powder, for suspensionOral
Capsule, delayed releaseOral15 MG
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral10 MG
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral20 MG
CapsuleOral10 MG
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral40 MG
Capsule, delayed release pelletsOral
Injection, solutionIntravenous
InjectionIntravenous40 MG
CapsuleOral20.00 mg
Capsule, coatedOral
Injection, powder, lyophilized, for solutionParenteral40 mg
KitOral; Topical
SolutionParenteral40.000 mg
Capsule; capsule, delayed releaseOral20 mg
CapsuleOral20 mg/1
Granule, delayed releaseOral10 mg/1
Granule, delayed releaseOral2.5 mg/1
Tablet, delayed releaseOral20.6 mg/1
Capsule, delayed releaseOral20.000 mg
SolutionOral20.000 mg
CapsuleOral235.294 mg
SolutionIntravenous
Capsule, delayed releaseOral
SolutionIntravenous42.400 mg
Tablet, coatedOral
Capsule, delayed releaseOral
Capsule, gelatin coatedOral
Capsule, coatedOral2000000 mg
Capsule, coatedOral20.00007 mg
Tablet, film coatedOral
SolutionIntravenous40.00 mg
CapsuleOral
Tablet, chewableOral
CapsuleOral20.000 mg
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous
Capsule, delayed releaseOral20 mg
PowderIntravenous40 mg/1vial
Injection, powder, for solutionIntravenous40 mg/1vial
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
PriLOSEC 30 20 mg Delayed Release Capsule Bottle459.99USD bottle
Zegerid 30 20-1680 mg Packets Packet224.27USD packet
Zegerid 30 40-1680 mg Packets Packet224.27USD packet
PriLOSEC 30 10 mg Delayed Release Capsule Bottle174.37USD bottle
Omeprazole 28 20 mg Enteric Coated Tabs Box25.99USD box
PriLOSEC OTC 14 20 mg Enteric Coated Tabs Box19.99USD box
PriLOSEC 40 mg Delayed Release Capsule9.59USD capsule
Prilosec dr 40 mg capsule9.22USD capsule
Omeprazole 40 mg Delayed Release Capsule7.69USD capsule
Zegerid 40-1100 mg capsule7.48USD capsule
Zegerid 20 mg capsule7.19USD capsule
Zegerid 40 mg capsule6.46USD capsule
Prilosec dr 20 mg capsule6.24USD capsule
Prilosec 20 mg capsule dr6.15USD capsule
Prilosec dr 10 mg capsule5.59USD capsule
Omeprazole powder5.05USD g
Omeprazole 20 mg Delayed Release Capsule4.32USD capsule
Omeprazole 10 mg Delayed Release Capsule3.13USD capsule
Losec (Sustained-Release Tablet) 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet2.48USD tablet
Losec (Sustained-Release Tablet) 10 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.97USD tablet
Losec (Sustained-Release Capsule) 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.24USD tablet
Apo-Omeprazole 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.15USD tablet
Mylan-Omeprazole 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.15USD tablet
Pms-Omeprazole (Delayed Release Tablet) 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.15USD tablet
Pms-Omeprazole (Sustained-Release Capsule) 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.15USD tablet
Ratio-Omeprazole (Sustained-Release Tablet) 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.15USD tablet
Sandoz Omeprazole (Sustained-Release Capsule) 20 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet1.15USD tablet
Mylan-Omeprazole 10 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet0.86USD tablet
Sandoz Omeprazole (Sustained-Release Capsule) 10 mg Capsule/Sustained Release Tablet0.86USD tablet
Zegerid otc 20-1100 mg capsule0.78USD capsule
Prilosec otc 20 mg tablet0.76USD tablet
Omeprazole dr 20 mg tablet0.66USD tablet
CVS Pharmacy omeprazole dr 20 mg tablet0.53USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Patent NumberPediatric ExtensionApprovedExpires (estimated)Region
US5690960No1997-11-252014-11-25US flag
CA2180535No2004-03-232014-01-05Canada flag
CA1338377No1996-06-112013-06-11Canada flag
US6489346No2002-12-032016-07-16US flag
US6699885No2004-03-022016-07-16US flag
USRE45198No2014-10-142016-07-16US flag
US6645988No2003-11-112016-07-16US flag
US7399772No2008-07-152016-07-16US flag
US6150380Yes2000-11-212019-05-10US flag
US6191148Yes2001-02-202019-04-09US flag
US6147103Yes2000-11-142019-04-09US flag
US6166213Yes2000-12-262019-04-09US flag
US5900424Yes1999-05-042016-11-04US flag
US6428810Yes2002-08-062020-05-03US flag
US9023391No2015-05-052025-08-16US flag
US6403616No2002-06-112019-11-15US flag
US5817338No1998-10-062015-10-06US flag
US5840737No1998-11-242016-07-15US flag
US6780882No2004-08-242016-07-15US flag
US6926907No2005-08-092023-02-28US flag
US9539214No2017-01-102033-03-13US flag
US9364439No2016-06-142022-05-31US flag
US8206741No2012-06-262023-02-28US flag
US9987231No2018-06-052033-01-02US flag
US10076494No2018-09-182036-12-08US flag
US9603806No2017-03-282034-02-12US flag
US9498445No2016-11-222034-02-12US flag
US9050263No2015-06-092034-02-12US flag
US10238606No2019-03-262034-02-12US flag
US10835488No2020-11-172036-12-08US flag
US11135172No2021-10-052034-02-12US flag
US10751333No2020-08-252039-07-16US flag
US11103492No2021-08-312039-07-16US flag
US11633478No2019-07-162039-07-16US flag
US11771686No2020-03-012040-03-01US flag

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)155 °CFDA label
boiling point (°C) 599.991 °C at 760 mmHghttps://www.lookchem.com/Omeprazole/
water solubility0.359 mg/mlhttp://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2015/vol4issue8/PartA/4-8-12.pdf
logP2.23http://www.thepharmajournal.com/archives/2015/vol4issue8/PartA/4-8-12.pdf
pKa9.29 (acid), 4.77 (base)https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_US_CB8160492.aspx
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.359 mg/mLALOGPS
logP1.66ALOGPS
logP2.43Chemaxon
logS-3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.29Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.77Chemaxon
Physiological Charge0Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area77.1 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count5Chemaxon
Refractivity93.66 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability37.45 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+0.9968
Blood Brain Barrier-0.6326
Caco-2 permeable+0.8867
P-glycoprotein substrateNon-substrate0.5573
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.6622
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IINon-inhibitor0.968
Renal organic cation transporterNon-inhibitor0.542
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.7838
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.6175
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.6901
CYP450 1A2 substrateInhibitor0.7505
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.907
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9231
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorInhibitor0.8994
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.796
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityHigh CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7895
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.5692
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8318
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable0.9778
Rat acute toxicity2.2254 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.719
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Non-inhibitor0.8977
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-0udj-0902000000-cfa5184c794ea62ab995
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-qTof , PositiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-1669000000-51f9342d7e4bbd0356b2
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , negativeLC-MS/MSsplash10-002f-0900000000-412912cbbcdbd1b34699
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0901000000-189e81fb724041d50498
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0900000000-db101d248a4e861d4c3b
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0uds-0900000000-f579fb74ac97c56dd3eb
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0900000000-eefbf9686f0313da581e
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-000i-0900000000-363d6954875894f433ba
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-1900000000-d8c64d496f1d9b3ed465
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-1669000000-51f9342d7e4bbd0356b2
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0900000000-d21755acc44ff2d29cfa
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0f80-2900000000-9989d19c171c612ea3dc
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-0002-0900000000-f74adb7f41e2d390b602
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0049000000-dd6465ff98d6ab7b732e
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0005-1904000000-2c0b41fb687c7276742c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0f6t-0935000000-8e10633e2e9d56c4305a
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0900000000-9fd0b7267901f29c8a26
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-0910000000-3cb2734362e389c7f316
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-4900000000-c49d95c2f14e14dc5350
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum2D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-204.6499042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-179.86778
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+205.1663042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+182.22575
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+205.0830042
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+189.21736
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Sodium:potassium-exchanging atpase activity
Specific Function
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. Responsible for acid production in the stomach.
Gene Name
ATP4A
Uniprot ID
P20648
Uniprot Name
Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1
Molecular Weight
114117.74 Da
References
  1. Shi S, Klotz U: Proton pump inhibitors: an update of their clinical use and pharmacokinetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2008 Oct;64(10):935-51. doi: 10.1007/s00228-008-0538-y. Epub 2008 Aug 5. [Article]
  2. Kirchheiner J, Glatt S, Fuhr U, Klotz U, Meineke I, Seufferlein T, Brockmoller J: Relative potency of proton-pump inhibitors-comparison of effects on intragastric pH. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;65(1):19-31. doi: 10.1007/s00228-008-0576-5. Epub 2008 Oct 17. [Article]
  3. Shin JM, Munson K, Vagin O, Sachs G: The gastric HK-ATPase: structure, function, and inhibition. Pflugers Arch. 2009 Jan;457(3):609-22. doi: 10.1007/s00424-008-0495-4. Epub 2008 Jun 6. [Article]
  4. Munson K, Law RJ, Sachs G: Analysis of the gastric H,K ATPase for ion pathways and inhibitor binding sites. Biochemistry. 2007 May 8;46(18):5398-417. doi: 10.1021/bi062305h. Epub 2007 Apr 11. [Article]
  5. Zuger B: Effeminate behavior present in boys from childhood: ten additional years of follow-up. Compr Psychiatry. 1978 Jul-Aug;19(4):363-9. [Article]
  6. Sachs G, Shin JM, Howden CW: Review article: the clinical pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jun;23 Suppl 2:2-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02943.x. [Article]
  7. FDA label, Omeprazole [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Agonist
General Function
Transcription regulatory region dna binding
Specific Function
Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes...
Gene Name
AHR
Uniprot ID
P35869
Uniprot Name
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Molecular Weight
96146.705 Da
References
  1. Dzeletovic N, McGuire J, Daujat M, Tholander J, Ema M, Fujii-Kuriyama Y, Bergman J, Maurel P, Poellinger L: Regulation of dioxin receptor function by omeprazole. J Biol Chem. 1997 May 9;272(19):12705-13. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inducer
General Function
Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID
P04798
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A1
Molecular Weight
58164.815 Da
References
  1. Harvey JL, Paine AJ, Maurel P, Wright MC: Effect of the adrenal 11-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor metyrapone on human hepatic cytochrome P-450 expression: induction of cytochrome P-450 3A4. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Jan;28(1):96-101. [Article]
  2. Kikuchi H, Hossain A: Signal transduction-mediated CYP1A1 induction by omeprazole in human HepG2 cells. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 1999 Jul;51(4-5):342-6. doi: 10.1016/S0940-2993(99)80018-9. [Article]
  3. Lee DY, Jung YS, Shin HS, Lee I, Kim YC, Lee MG: Faster clearance of omeprazole in rats with acute renal failure induced by uranyl nitrate: contribution of increased expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A1 and intestinal CYP1A and 3A subfamilies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008 Jul;60(7):843-51. doi: 10.1211/jpp.60.7.0005. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Frick A, Kopitz J, Bergemann N: Omeprazole reduces clozapine plasma concentrations. A case report. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 May;36(3):121-3. doi: 10.1055/s-2003-39980. [Article]
  2. Krusekopf S, Roots I, Hildebrandt AG, Kleeberg U: Time-dependent transcriptional induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 mRNAs by H+/K+ -ATPase inhibitors and other xenobiotics. Xenobiotica. 2003 Feb;33(2):107-18. [Article]
  3. Zhou Q, Zhou S, Chan E: Effect of omeprazole on the hydroxylation of warfarin enantiomers in human: in-vitro studies with liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 isozymes. Curr Drug Metab. 2005 Oct;6(5):399-411. [Article]
  4. Han XM, Ouyang DS, Chen XP, Shu Y, Jiang CH, Tan ZR, Zhou HH: Inducibility of CYP1A2 by omeprazole in vivo related to the genetic polymorphism of CYP1A2. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 Nov;54(5):540-3. [Article]
  5. Rost KL, Fuhr U, Thomsen T, Zaigler M, Brockmoller J, Bohnemeier H, Roots I: Omeprazole weakly inhibits CYP1A2 activity in man. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999 Nov;37(11):567-74. [Article]
  6. Rost KL, Brosicke H, Brockmoller J, Scheffler M, Helge H, Roots I: Increase of cytochrome P450IA2 activity by omeprazole: evidence by the 13C-[N-3-methyl]-caffeine breath test in poor and extensive metabolizers of S-mephenytoin. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1992 Aug;52(2):170-80. [Article]
  7. Daujat M, Peryt B, Lesca P, Fourtanier G, Domergue J, Maurel P: Omeprazole, an inducer of human CYP1A1 and 1A2, is not a ligand for the Ah receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Oct 30;188(2):820-5. [Article]
  8. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1B1
Uniprot ID
Q16678
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1B1
Molecular Weight
60845.33 Da
References
  1. Krusekopf S, Roots I, Hildebrandt AG, Kleeberg U: Time-dependent transcriptional induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 mRNAs by H+/K+ -ATPase inhibitors and other xenobiotics. Xenobiotica. 2003 Feb;33(2):107-18. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID
P10632
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Molecular Weight
55824.275 Da
References
  1. Karam WG, Goldstein JA, Lasker JM, Ghanayem BI: Human CYP2C19 is a major omeprazole 5-hydroxylase, as demonstrated with recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Oct;24(10):1081-7. [Article]
Details
5. Cytochrome P450 2C9
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Lasker JM, Wester MR, Aramsombatdee E, Raucy JL: Characterization of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 from human liver: respective roles in microsomal tolbutamide, S-mephenytoin, and omeprazole hydroxylations. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 May 1;353(1):16-28. [Article]
  2. Du H, Wei Z, Yan Y, Xiong Y, Zhang X, Shen L, Ruan Y, Wu X, Xu Q, He L, Qin S: Functional Characterization of Human CYP2C9 Allelic Variants in COS-7 Cells. Front Pharmacol. 2016 Apr 25;7:98. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00098. eCollection 2016. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C18
Uniprot ID
P33260
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C18
Molecular Weight
55710.075 Da
References
  1. Karam WG, Goldstein JA, Lasker JM, Ghanayem BI: Human CYP2C19 is a major omeprazole 5-hydroxylase, as demonstrated with recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1996 Oct;24(10):1081-7. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Furuta S, Kamada E, Suzuki T, Sugimoto T, Kawabata Y, Shinozaki Y, Sano H: Inhibition of drug metabolism in human liver microsomes by nizatidine, cimetidine and omeprazole. Xenobiotica. 2001 Jan;31(1):1-10. doi: 10.1080/00498250110035615. [Article]
  2. Li XQ, Andersson TB, Ahlstrom M, Weidolf L: Comparison of inhibitory effects of the proton pump-inhibiting drugs omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole on human cytochrome P450 activities. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Aug;32(8):821-7. [Article]
Details
8. Cytochrome P450 3A4
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Inducer
Curator comments
Omeprazole and 5'-O-desmethylomeprazole were found to be time-dependent inhibitors of CYP3A4.
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Li XQ, Weidolf L, Simonsson R, Andersson TB: Enantiomer/enantiomer interactions between the S- and R- isomers of omeprazole in human cytochrome P450 enzymes: major role of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Nov;315(2):777-87. Epub 2005 Aug 10. [Article]
  2. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
  3. Botsch S, Gautier JC, Beaune P, Eichelbaum M, Kroemer HK: Identification and characterization of the cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in N-dealkylation of propafenone: molecular base for interaction potential and variable disposition of active metabolites. Mol Pharmacol. 1993 Jan;43(1):120-6. [Article]
  4. Turpeinen M, Uusitalo J, Jalonen J, Pelkonen O: Multiple P450 substrates in a single run: rapid and comprehensive in vitro interaction assay. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2005 Jan;24(1):123-32. [Article]
  5. Park EJ, Cho HY, Lee YB: Effect of Cimetidine and Phenobarbital on metabolite kinetics of Omeprazole in rats. Arch Pharm Res. 2005 Oct;28(10):1196-202. [Article]
  6. Zhou Q, Zhou S, Chan E: Effect of omeprazole on the hydroxylation of warfarin enantiomers in human: in-vitro studies with liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed cytochrome P450 isozymes. Curr Drug Metab. 2005 Oct;6(5):399-411. [Article]
  7. Roymans D, Van Looveren C, Leone A, Parker JB, McMillian M, Johnson MD, Koganti A, Gilissen R, Silber P, Mannens G, Meuldermans W: Determination of cytochrome P450 1A2 and cytochrome P450 3A4 induction in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 1;67(3):427-37. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2003.09.022. [Article]
  8. Abelo A, Andersson TB, Antonsson M, Naudot AK, Skanberg I, Weidolf L: Stereoselective metabolism of omeprazole by human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Aug;28(8):966-72. [Article]
  9. Tassaneeyakul W, Vannaprasaht S, Yamazoe Y: Formation of omeprazole sulphone but not 5-hydroxyomeprazole is inhibited by grapefruit juice. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 Feb;49(2):139-44. [Article]
  10. Shirasaka Y, Sager JE, Lutz JD, Davis C, Isoherranen N: Inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by omeprazole metabolites and their contribution to drug-drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Jul;41(7):1414-24. doi: 10.1124/dmd.113.051722. Epub 2013 Apr 25. [Article]
  11. Prilosec FDA label [File]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
Curator comments
Omeprazole and 5'-O-desmethylomeprazole were found to be time-dependent inhibitors of CYP3A4.
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Foti RS, Wahlstrom JL: CYP2C19 inhibition: the impact of substrate probe selection on in vitro inhibition profiles. Drug Metab Dispos. 2008 Mar;36(3):523-8. Epub 2007 Nov 29. [Article]
  2. Li XQ, Andersson TB, Ahlstrom M, Weidolf L: Comparison of inhibitory effects of the proton pump-inhibiting drugs omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole on human cytochrome P450 activities. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Aug;32(8):821-7. [Article]
  3. Li XQ, Weidolf L, Simonsson R, Andersson TB: Enantiomer/enantiomer interactions between the S- and R- isomers of omeprazole in human cytochrome P450 enzymes: major role of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Nov;315(2):777-87. Epub 2005 Aug 10. [Article]
  4. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
  5. Yamazaki H, Inoue K, Shaw PM, Checovich WJ, Guengerich FP, Shimada T: Different contributions of cytochrome P450 2C19 and 3A4 in the oxidation of omeprazole by human liver microsomes: effects of contents of these two forms in individual human samples. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Nov;283(2):434-42. [Article]
  6. McGinnity DF, Parker AJ, Soars M, Riley RJ: Automated definition of the enzymology of drug oxidation by the major human drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s. Drug Metab Dispos. 2000 Nov;28(11):1327-34. [Article]
  7. Ko JW, Sukhova N, Thacker D, Chen P, Flockhart DA: Evaluation of omeprazole and lansoprazole as inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isoforms. Drug Metab Dispos. 1997 Jul;25(7):853-62. [Article]
  8. Ieiri I, Kubota T, Urae A, Kimura M, Wada Y, Mamiya K, Yoshioka S, Irie S, Amamoto T, Nakamura K, Nakano S, Higuchi S: Pharmacokinetics of omeprazole (a substrate of CYP2C19) and comparison with two mutant alleles, C gamma P2C19m1 in exon 5 and C gamma P2C19m2 in exon 4, in Japanese subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Jun;59(6):647-53. doi: 10.1016/S0009-9236(96)90004-1. [Article]
  9. Liu S, Wang Z, Tian X, Cai W: Predicting the Effects of CYP2C19 and Carboxylesterases on Vicagrel, a Novel P2Y12 Antagonist, by Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling Approach. Front Pharmacol. 2020 Dec 8;11:591854. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591854. eCollection 2020. [Article]
  10. Shirasaka Y, Sager JE, Lutz JD, Davis C, Isoherranen N: Inhibition of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 by omeprazole metabolites and their contribution to drug-drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos. 2013 Jul;41(7):1414-24. doi: 10.1124/dmd.113.051722. Epub 2013 Apr 25. [Article]
  11. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
  12. Prilosec FDA label [File]

Transporters

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inhibitor
Curator comments
This transporter action is based on data from in vitro studies.
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
High-capacity urate exporter functioning in both renal and extrarenal urate excretion. Plays a role in porphyrin homeostasis as it is able to mediates the export of protoporhyrin IX (PPIX) both fro...
Gene Name
ABCG2
Uniprot ID
Q9UNQ0
Uniprot Name
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2
Molecular Weight
72313.47 Da
References
  1. Breedveld P, Zelcer N, Pluim D, Sonmezer O, Tibben MM, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH, van Tellingen O, Borst P, Schellens JH: Mechanism of the pharmacokinetic interaction between methotrexate and benzimidazoles: potential role for breast cancer resistance protein in clinical drug-drug interactions. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 15;64(16):5804-11. [Article]
  2. Suzuki K, Doki K, Homma M, Tamaki H, Hori S, Ohtani H, Sawada Y, Kohda Y: Co-administration of proton pump inhibitors delays elimination of plasma methotrexate in high-dose methotrexate therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;67(1):44-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03303.x. Epub 2008 Nov 17. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inducer
Curator comments
This transporter action is based on in vitro data.
General Function
Organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
May act as an inducible transporter in the biliary and intestinal excretion of organic anions. Acts as an alternative route for the export of bile acids and glucuronides from cholestatic hepatocyte...
Gene Name
ABCC3
Uniprot ID
O15438
Uniprot Name
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 2
Molecular Weight
169341.14 Da
References
  1. Hitzl M, Klein K, Zanger UM, Fritz P, Nussler AK, Neuhaus P, Fromm MF: Influence of omeprazole on multidrug resistance protein 3 expression in human liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003 Feb;304(2):524-30. [Article]
Details
3. P-glycoprotein 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Pauli-Magnus C, Rekersbrink S, Klotz U, Fromm MF: Interaction of omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole with P-glycoprotein. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;364(6):551-7. [Article]
  2. Li W, Zeng S, Yu LS, Zhou Q: Pharmacokinetic drug interaction profile of omeprazole with adverse consequences and clinical risk management. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2013;9:259-71. doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S43151. Epub 2013 May 27. [Article]
  3. Shah Y, Iqbal Z, Ahmad L, Khuda F, Khan A, Khan A, Khan MI, Ismail: Effect of Omeprazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Rosuvastatin in Healthy Male Volunteers. Am J Ther. 2016 Nov/Dec;23(6):e1514-e1523. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000221. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 16:48