Glycopyrronium
Identification
- Name
- Glycopyrronium
- Accession Number
- DB00986
- Description
Glycopyrronium (as the bromide salt glycopyrrolate) is a synthetic anticholinergic agent with a quaternary ammonium structure. A muscarinic competitive antagonist used as an antispasmodic, in some disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and to reduce salivation with some anesthetics. In October 2015, glycopyrrolate was approved by the FDA for use as a standalone treatment for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as Seebri Neohaler.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational, Vet approved
- Structure
Structure for Glycopyrronium (DB00986)
- Weight
- Average: 318.4305
Monoisotopic: 318.206918767 - Chemical Formula
- C19H28NO3
- Synonyms
- Glicopirronio
- Glycopyrrolate cation
- Glycopyrrolate ion
- Glycopyrronium
- Glycopyrronium cation
- Glycopyrronium ion
- External IDs
- DRM-04
- DRM04
Pharmacology
Accelerate your drug discovery research with the industry’s only fully connected ADMET dataset, ideal for:Accelerate your drug discovery research with our fully connected ADMET dataset- Indication
For use as a preoperative antimuscarinic to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, to reduce the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubation. Also used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
- Associated Conditions
- Airway Obstruction
- Arrhythmia
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Gastric hypersecretion
- Muscarinic effects caused by neostigmine
- Muscarinic effects caused by pyridostigmine
- Neurocardiogenic Syncope
- Peptic Ulcer
- Salivary hypersecretion
- Chronic, severe Salivary hypersecretion
- Increased bronchial secretions
- Pharyngeal secretions
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Contraindications & Blackbox WarningsWith our commercial data, access important information on dangerous risks, contraindications, and adverse effects.Our Blackbox Warnings cover Risks, Contraindications, and Adverse Effects- Pharmacodynamics
Glycopyrrolate decreases acid secretion in the stomach. Hence it can be used for treating ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, in combination with other medications. In anesthesia, glycopyrrolate injection serves as a preoperative antimuscarinic operation that reduces salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, as well as decreases the acidity of gastric secretions blocks cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during intubation
- Mechanism of action
Glycopyrrolate binds competitively to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Like other anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agents, it inhibits the action of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to acetylcholine but lack cholinergic innervation. These peripheral cholinergic receptors are present in the autonomic effector cells of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial node, the atrioventricular node, exocrine glands and, to a limited degree, in the autonomic ganglia. Thus, it diminishes the volume and free acidity of gastric secretions and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal, and bronchial secretions.
Target Actions Organism AMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 antagonistHumans UMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 antagonistHumans UMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 binderHumans - Absorption
Rapidly absorbed (1-2 minutes) after intravenous injection
- Volume of distribution
- Not Available
- Protein binding
- Not Available
- Metabolism
- Not Available
- Route of elimination
- Not Available
- Half-life
0.6-1.2 hours
- Clearance
- Not Available
- Adverse Effects
Reduce medical errorsand improve treatment outcomes with our comprehensive & structured data on drug adverse effects.Reduce medical errors & improve treatment outcomes with our adverse effects data- Toxicity
Side effects include dry mouth, difficult urinating, heachaches, diarrhea and constipation. The medication also induces drowsiness or blurred vision. LD50=709 mg/kg (rat, oral).
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAcetazolamide Acetazolamide may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Glycopyrronium. Acetophenazine Acetophenazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Glycopyrronium. Aclidinium The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Glycopyrronium is combined with Aclidinium. Adenosine The risk or severity of Tachycardia can be increased when Adenosine is combined with Glycopyrronium. Agomelatine Agomelatine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Glycopyrronium. Alfentanil The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Alfentanil is combined with Glycopyrronium. Alimemazine Alimemazine may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Glycopyrronium. Alloin The therapeutic efficacy of Alloin can be decreased when used in combination with Glycopyrronium. Almotriptan Almotriptan may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Glycopyrronium. Alosetron Alosetron may increase the central nervous system depressant (CNS depressant) activities of Glycopyrronium. 
Improve patient outcomesBuild effective decision support tools with the industry’s most comprehensive drug-drug interaction checker.Learn more - Food Interactions
- Take with or without food. The absorption is unaffected by food.
Products
Comprehensive & structured drug product infoFrom application numbers to product codes, connect different identifiers through our commercial datasets.Easily connect various identifiers back to our datasets- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Glycopyrronium bromide V92SO9WP2I 51186-83-5 VPNYRYCIDCJBOM-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycopyrronium tosylate 1PVF6JLU7B 1624259-25-1 UOWOLENSDISMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Acpan (Gray) / Nodapton / Robanul / Robinal / Tarodyl (Lundbeck)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Cuvposa Solution 1 mg/5mL Oral Shionogi Pharma, Inc. 2010-07-28 2014-06-30 US 
Cuvposa Liquid 1 mg/5mL Oral Merz Pharmaceuticals, LLC 2013-01-01 Not applicable US Cuvposa Solution 1 mg Oral Medexus Pharmaceuticals Inc 2018-04-03 Not applicable Canada 
Enurev Breezhaler Capsule 44 micrograms Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU 
Enurev Breezhaler Capsule 44 micrograms Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Enurev Breezhaler Capsule 44 micrograms Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Enurev Breezhaler Capsule 44 micrograms Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Enurev Breezhaler Capsule 44 micrograms Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Enurev Breezhaler Capsule 44 micrograms Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU Enurev Breezhaler Capsule 44 micrograms Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2016-09-08 Not applicable EU - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Glycate Tablet 1.5 mg/1 Oral CarWin Pharmaceutical Associates, LLC 2018-06-10 Not applicable US Glycate Tablet 1.5 mg/1 Oral Nuro Pharma, Inc. 2012-03-12 Not applicable US Glycopyrrolate Injection, solution 0.2 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous General Injectables & Vaccines, Inc 2012-02-20 2020-04-30 US Glycopyrrolate Tablet 2 mg/1 Oral Rising Pharmaceuticals 2016-07-18 Not applicable US Glycopyrrolate Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral AvKARE, Inc. 2015-05-14 Not applicable US Glycopyrrolate Tablet 2 mg/1 Oral Appco Pharma Llcc 2017-02-27 Not applicable US Glycopyrrolate Injection 0.2 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous General Injectables and Vaccines, Inc. 2018-07-02 Not applicable US Glycopyrrolate Injection 0.2 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous HF Acquisition Co LLC, DBA HealthFirst 2019-12-21 Not applicable US Glycopyrrolate Injection 0.2 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp 2011-09-21 Not applicable US Glycopyrrolate Injection 0.2 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous Xiromed Llc 2020-09-09 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bevespi Aerosphere Glycopyrronium (7.2 mcg) + Formoterol fumarate (5.0 mcg) Respiratory (inhalation) Astra Zeneca Ab 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Bevespi Aerosphere Glycopyrronium (7.2 mcg) + Formoterol fumarate (5.0 mcg) Respiratory (inhalation) Astra Zeneca Ab 2020-12-16 Not applicable EU Bevespi Aerosphere Glycopyrronium bromide (8.3 mcg) + Formoterol fumarate (5.8 mcg) Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation) Astra Zeneca Not applicable Not applicable Canada Bevespi Aerosphere Glycopyrronium bromide (9 ug/1) + Formoterol fumarate (4.8 ug/1) Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation) AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP 2016-10-03 Not applicable US Breztri Glycopyrronium bromide (9 ug/1) + Budesonide (160 ug/1) + Formoterol (4.8 ug/1) Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation) AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP 2020-07-23 Not applicable US Enerzair Breezhaler Glycopyrronium bromide (46 mcg) + Indacaterol (114 mcg) + Mometasone furoate (136 mcg) Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2021-01-12 Not applicable EU Enerzair Breezhaler Glycopyrronium (50 mcg) + Indacaterol (150 mcg) + Mometasone furoate (160 mcg) Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis 2020-11-05 Not applicable Canada Enerzair Breezhaler Glycopyrronium bromide (46 mcg) + Indacaterol (114 mcg) + Mometasone furoate (136 mcg) Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2021-01-12 Not applicable EU Enerzair Breezhaler Glycopyrronium bromide (46 mcg) + Indacaterol (114 mcg) + Mometasone furoate (136 mcg) Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2021-01-12 Not applicable EU Enerzair Breezhaler Glycopyrronium bromide (46 mcg) + Indacaterol (114 mcg) + Mometasone furoate (136 mcg) Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) Novartis Europharm Limited 2021-01-12 Not applicable EU - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Glycopyrrolate Glycopyrronium bromide (0.2 mg/1mL) Injection, solution Intravenous Cantrell Drug Company 2014-08-05 2017-12-06 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- R03AL09 — Formoterol, glycopyrronium bromide and beclometasone
- R03AL — Adrenergics in combination with anticholinergics incl. triple combinations with corticosteroids
- R03A — ADRENERGICS, INHALANTS
- R03 — DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- R03AL — Adrenergics in combination with anticholinergics incl. triple combinations with corticosteroids
- R03A — ADRENERGICS, INHALANTS
- R03 — DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- R03BB — Anticholinergics
- R03B — OTHER DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES, INHALANTS
- R03 — DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- D11AA — Antihidrotics
- D11A — OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
- D11 — OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
- D — DERMATOLOGICALS
- A03AB — Synthetic anticholinergics, quaternary ammonium compounds
- A03A — DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
- A03 — DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- R03AL — Adrenergics in combination with anticholinergics incl. triple combinations with corticosteroids
- R03A — ADRENERGICS, INHALANTS
- R03 — DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- R03AL — Adrenergics in combination with anticholinergics incl. triple combinations with corticosteroids
- R03A — ADRENERGICS, INHALANTS
- R03 — DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- A03CA — Synthetic anticholinergic agents in combination with psycholeptics
- A03C — ANTISPASMODICS IN COMBINATION WITH PSYCHOLEPTICS
- A03 — DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
- A — ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM
- Drug Categories
- Adjuvants, Anesthesia
- Adrenergics, Inhalants
- Agents producing tachycardia
- Alimentary Tract and Metabolism
- Amines
- Ammonium Compounds
- Anticholinergic Agents
- Antihidrotics
- Antimuscarinics Antispasmodics
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Cholinergic Agents
- Dermatologicals
- Drugs for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
- Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases
- Muscarinic Antagonists
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Nitrogen Compounds
- Onium Compounds
- Pyrrolidines
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- Synthetic Anticholinergics, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
- Classification
- Not classified
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- A14FB57V1D
- CAS number
- 740028-90-4
- InChI Key
- ANGKOCUUWGHLCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C19H28NO3/c1-20(2)13-12-17(14-20)23-18(21)19(22,16-10-6-7-11-16)15-8-4-3-5-9-15/h3-5,8-9,16-17,22H,6-7,10-14H2,1-2H3/q+1
- IUPAC Name
- 3-[(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl)oxy]-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidin-1-ium
- SMILES
- C[N+]1(C)CCC(C1)OC(=O)C(O)(C1CCCC1)C1=CC=CC=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Michael Woehrmann, Lara Terstegen, Stefan Biel, Thomas Raschke, Svenja-Kathrin Cerv, Werner Zilz, Sven Untiedt, Thomas Nuebel, Uwe Schoenrock, Heiner Max, Helga Biergiesser, Yvonne Eckhard, Heike Miertsch, Heike Foelster, Cornelia Meier-Zimmerer, Bernd Traupe, Inge Kruse, "GLYCOPYRROLATE IN COSMETIC PREPARATIONS." U.S. Patent US20090208437, issued August 20, 2009.
US20090208437- General References
- Ali-Melkkila T, Kanto J, Iisalo E: Pharmacokinetics and related pharmacodynamics of anticholinergic drugs. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993 Oct;37(7):633-42. [PubMed:8249551]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015121
- KEGG Drug
- D00540
- PubChem Compound
- 9933193
- PubChem Substance
- 46509133
- ChemSpider
- 3374
- BindingDB
- 50417445
- 1546438
- ChEBI
- 94449
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1201335
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP001116
- PharmGKB
- PA164754882
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Glycopyrronium_bromide
- AHFS Codes
- 48:12.08 — Anticholinergic Agents
- 12:08.08 — Antimuscarinics Antispasmodics
- FDA label
- Download (193 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (73.7 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Anaesthesia therapy / Neuromuscular Blockade 1 4 Completed Basic Science Electromyography / Respiratory Muscles 1 4 Completed Other Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 1 4 Completed Prevention Effect of Drug / Glycopyrrolate / Hemodynamics Instability / Post-spinal Hypotension 1 4 Completed Prevention Emergence Delirium 1 4 Completed Supportive Care BMI >30 kg/m2 / Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation / Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass Surgery / Respiratory Function / Surgical Conditions 1 4 Completed Supportive Care Cancer, Bladder / Malignant Neoplasms of Urinary Tract 1 4 Completed Treatment Airway Reflexes, Protective / Anesthetic Recovery / Recovery After Neuromuscular Block 1 4 Completed Treatment Anaesthesia 1 4 Completed Treatment Anesthesia Recovery 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Abraxis pharmaceutical products
- Hospira inc
- Luitpold pharmaceuticals inc
- Teva parenteral medicines inc
- Watson laboratories inc
- Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
- Ah robins co
- Shionogi pharma inc
- Corepharma llc
- Dr reddys laboratories ltd
- Par pharmaceutical inc
- Ranbaxy inc
- Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
- West ward pharmaceutical corp
- Packagers
- American Regent
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- Baxter International Inc.
- Cardinal Health
- Corepharma LLC
- Dispensing Solutions
- Doctor Reddys Laboratories Ltd.
- General Injectables and Vaccines Inc.
- Heartland Repack Services LLC
- Kaiser Foundation Hospital
- Kali Laboratories Inc.
- Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Medisca Inc.
- Mikart Inc.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Par Pharmaceuticals
- Pharmaceutical Packaging Center
- Pharmedium
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Qualitest
- Ranbaxy Laboratories
- Rising Pharmaceuticals
- Sciele Pharma Inc.
- Shionogi Pharma Inc.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- UDL Laboratories
- United Research Laboratories Inc.
- Vangard Labs Inc.
- West-Ward Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Suspension Respiratory (inhalation) 7.2 mcg Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation) Aerosol; suspension Respiratory (inhalation) 7.2 MCG Suspension Respiratory (inhalation) 5 mcg Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation) 7.2 mcg Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) 85 mcg Liquid Oral 1 mg/5mL Solution Oral 1 mg/5mL Solution Oral 1 mg Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) 44 micrograms Injection, solution 200 MICROGRAMMI/ML Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 200 mcg/ml Tablet Oral 1.5 mg/1 Solution Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.2 mg/1mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.4 mg/2mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 mg/5mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 4 mg/20mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.2 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.4 mg/2mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 1 mg/5mL Injection, solution Intravenous 0.2 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 0.4 mg/2mL Injection, solution Intravenous 1 mg/5mL Injection, solution Intravenous 5 mg/20mL Powder Not applicable 1 g/1g Tablet Oral 1 mg/1 Tablet Oral 2 mg/1 Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous Injection, solution Parenteral 200 Mikrogramm/ml Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravitreal 0.2 mg/1mL Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 25 ug/1mL Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) 50 mcg Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 200 mcg/ml Cloth Topical 2.4 g/100g Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.2 mg/ml Tablet Oral Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) Capsule, coated Respiratory (inhalation) 50 cg Powder, metered Respiratory (inhalation) 44 MCG Powder Respiratory (inhalation) 50 mcg Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) 15.6 ug/1 Solution Oral 320 MICROGRAMMI/ML Solution Oral 320 MCG/ML Solution Oral 320 μg/ml Solution Oral 320 ?g/ml Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation) 87 MCG Solution Respiratory (inhalation) 87 mcg Aerosol Respiratory (inhalation) Capsule Respiratory (inhalation) Powder Respiratory (inhalation) 85 MCG Capsule, coated Respiratory (inhalation) 110 mcg Powder, metered Respiratory (inhalation) 43 MCG Powder Respiratory (inhalation) 110 mcg Powder, metered Respiratory (inhalation) 46 MCG - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Glycopyrrolate powder 278.46USD g Robinul-Forte 2 mg tablet 6.46USD tablet Robinul forte 2 mg tablet 6.21USD tablet Robinul 1 mg tablet 3.96USD tablet Glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg/ml 3.63USD ml Glycopyrrolate 1 mg/5 ml syr 2.91USD ml Glycopyrrolate 2 mg tablet 2.24USD tablet Glycopyrrolate 1 mg tablet 1.34USD tablet Robinul 0.2 mg/ml vial 1.26USD ml Glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg/ml vial 0.85USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US7091236 No 2006-08-15 2024-04-24 US US6878721 No 2005-04-12 2020-10-10 US US6528678 No 2003-03-04 2018-04-24 US US8067437 No 2011-11-29 2020-06-02 US US8658673 No 2014-02-25 2020-06-02 US US8796307 No 2014-08-05 2020-06-02 US US8479730 No 2013-07-09 2028-10-11 US US7638552 No 2009-12-29 2023-08-20 US US7816396 No 2010-10-19 2023-08-20 US US7229607 No 2007-06-12 2021-04-09 US US7820694 No 2010-10-26 2020-06-02 US US8029768 No 2011-10-04 2021-04-09 US US8283362 No 2012-10-09 2020-06-02 US US7736670 No 2010-06-15 2021-06-27 US US8435567 No 2013-05-07 2021-06-27 US US8303991 No 2012-11-06 2021-06-27 US US8956661 No 2015-02-17 2021-06-27 US US8580306 No 2013-11-12 2021-06-27 US US6582678 No 2003-06-24 2018-04-24 US US8182838 No 2012-05-22 2028-10-20 US US6521260 No 2003-02-18 2016-01-31 US US8048451 No 2011-11-01 2021-06-27 US US9463161 No 2016-10-11 2030-05-28 US US9415009 No 2016-08-16 2030-05-28 US US8808713 No 2014-08-19 2030-05-28 US US8324266 No 2012-12-04 2030-05-28 US US8703806 No 2014-04-22 2030-05-28 US US8815258 No 2014-08-26 2031-03-17 US US7458372 No 2008-12-02 2024-11-18 US US9789270 No 2017-10-17 2030-10-30 US US9168556 No 2015-10-27 2032-09-01 US US9265900 No 2016-02-23 2028-12-07 US US9604018 No 2017-03-28 2033-05-16 US US7316067 No 2008-01-08 2022-09-06 US US6962151 No 2005-11-08 2020-10-27 US US7931212 No 2011-04-26 2025-11-25 US US8511581 No 2013-08-20 2023-11-08 US US9931304 No 2018-04-03 2021-06-27 US US9962338 No 2018-05-08 2021-06-27 US US10052267 No 2018-08-21 2028-10-17 US US9259414 No 2016-02-16 2033-02-28 US US9744105 No 2017-08-29 2030-07-18 US US8618160 No 2013-12-31 2029-12-10 US US6433003 No 2002-08-13 2020-04-10 US US8859610 No 2014-10-14 2033-02-28 US US10004717 No 2018-06-26 2033-02-28 US US9006462 No 2015-04-14 2033-02-28 US US10376661 No 2019-08-13 2035-09-14 US US10543192 No 2013-02-28 2033-02-28 US US10548875 No 2013-02-28 2033-02-28 US US10688518 No 2016-11-12 2036-11-12 US US10744277 No 2016-12-07 2036-12-07 US US10716753 No 2010-05-28 2030-05-28 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 193-194.5 U.S. Patent 2,956,062. logP -0.99 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.000944 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -1.2 ALOGPS logP -1.4 ChemAxon logS -5.6 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 11.53 ChemAxon pKa (Strongest Basic) -4.3 ChemAxon Physiological Charge 1 ChemAxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 2 ChemAxon Hydrogen Donor Count 1 ChemAxon Polar Surface Area 46.53 Å2 ChemAxon Rotatable Bond Count 5 ChemAxon Refractivity 101.08 m3·mol-1 ChemAxon Polarizability 35.88 Å3 ChemAxon Number of Rings 3 ChemAxon Bioavailability 1 ChemAxon Rule of Five Yes ChemAxon Ghose Filter No ChemAxon Veber's Rule No ChemAxon MDDR-like Rule No ChemAxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption - 0.8406 Blood Brain Barrier + 0.8436 Caco-2 permeable + 0.5778 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.7928 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.894 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9731 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.5299 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7812 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7136 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.662 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9046 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9133 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9243 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8735 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.978 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.7888 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9257 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.8627 Rat acute toxicity 2.5887 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9345 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.7884
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
Spectrum Spectrum Type Splash Key Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MS Predicted GC-MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated) Predicted LC-MS/MS Not Available
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM1
- Uniprot ID
- P11229
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1
- Molecular Weight
- 51420.375 Da
References
- Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284]
- Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423]
- Ali-Melkkila T, Kanto J, Iisalo E: Pharmacokinetics and related pharmacodynamics of anticholinergic drugs. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1993 Oct;37(7):633-42. [PubMed:8249551]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM3
- Uniprot ID
- P20309
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
- Molecular Weight
- 66127.445 Da
References
- Haddad EB, Patel H, Keeling JE, Yacoub MH, Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG: Pharmacological characterization of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, glycopyrrolate, in human and guinea-pig airways. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 May;127(2):413-20. [PubMed:10385241]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Binder
- General Function
- G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor activity
- Specific Function
- The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
- Gene Name
- CHRM2
- Uniprot ID
- P08172
- Uniprot Name
- Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2
- Molecular Weight
- 51714.605 Da
References
- Haddad EB, Patel H, Keeling JE, Yacoub MH, Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG: Pharmacological characterization of the muscarinic receptor antagonist, glycopyrrolate, in human and guinea-pig airways. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 May;127(2):413-20. [PubMed:10385241]
Drug created on June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated on February 24, 2021 19:34