The major activity of supplemental iron is in the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. Iron has putative immune-enhancing, anticarcinogenic and cognition-enhancing activities.

Mechanism of action

Iron is necessary for the production of hemoglobin. Iron-deficiency can lead to decreased production of hemoglobin and a microcytic, hypochromic anemia.

Target	Actions	Organism
UTransferrin receptor protein 1	Not Available	Humans
UEgl nine homolog 1	Not Available	Humans
UHistone deacetylase 8	Not Available	Humans
UAlpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein	Not Available	Humans
UHemoglobin subunit alpha	Not Available	Humans
UFrataxin, mitochondrial	Not Available	Humans
UFerritin heavy chain	Not Available	Humans
UFlap endonuclease 1	Not Available	Humans
UEndonuclease 8-like 1	Not Available	Humans
UEndonuclease 8-like 2	Not Available	Humans
UDNA polymerase beta	Not Available	Humans
UCeruloplasmin	Not Available	Humans
USerotransferrin	Not Available	Humans

Absorption

The efficiency of absorption depends on the salt form, the amount administered, the dosing regimen and the size of iron stores. Subjects with normal iron stores absorb 10% to 35% of an iron dose. Those who are iron deficient may absorb up to 95% of an iron dose.

Volume of distribution

Not Available

Protein binding

Not Available

Metabolism

Not Available

Route of elimination

Not Available

Half-life

Not Available

Clearance

Not Available

Adverse Effects

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Toxicity

Acute iron overdosage can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, which occurs up to six hours after ingestion, the principal symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea. Other symptoms include hypotension, tachycardia and CNS depression ranging from lethargy to coma. The second phase may occur at 6-24 hours after ingestion and is characterized by a temporary remission. In the third phase, gastrointestinal symptoms recur accompanied by shock, metabolic acidosis, coma, hepatic necrosis and jaundice, hypoglycemia, renal failure and pulmonary edema. The fourth phase may occur several weeks after ingestion and is characterized by gastrointestinal obstruction and liver damage. In a young child, 75 milligrams per kilogram is considered extremely dangerous. A dose of 30 milligrams per kilogram can lead to symptoms of toxicity. Estimates of a lethal dosage range from 180 milligrams per kilogram and upwards. A peak serum iron concentration of five micrograms or more per ml is associated with moderate to severe poisoning in many.

Pathways

Not Available

Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs

Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions

This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.

Drug	Interaction
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Alendronic acid	Ferrous gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Alendronic acid resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Almasilate	Almasilate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous gluconate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminium phosphate	Aluminium phosphate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous gluconate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Aluminum hydroxide	Aluminum hydroxide can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous gluconate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Asenapine	Asenapine can cause a decrease in the absorption of Ferrous gluconate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Cabotegravir	The serum concentration of Cabotegravir can be decreased when it is combined with Ferrous gluconate.
Calcium Phosphate	Ferrous gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium Phosphate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Calcium phosphate dihydrate	Ferrous gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Calcium phosphate dihydrate resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Carbidopa	Ferrous gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Carbidopa resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.
Cefdinir	Ferrous gluconate can cause a decrease in the absorption of Cefdinir resulting in a reduced serum concentration and potentially a decrease in efficacy.

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Food Interactions

Avoid milk and dairy products. Take ferrous gluconate at least 2 hours before or after milk.
Limit caffeine intake. Food and beverages containing caffeine may reduce iron absorption.
Take at least 2 hours before or after calcium supplements.
Take separate from antacids. Take ferrous gluconate at least 2 hours before or after antacids.
Take with food. This reduces gastric irritation.
Take with foods containing vitamin C. Foods rich in vitamin C increase the absorption of iron.

Products

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Product Ingredients

Ingredient	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Ferrous gluconate dihydrate	U1B11I423Z	6047-12-7	OKGNXSFAYMSVNN-SYAJEJNSSA-L

Active Moieties

Name	Kind	UNII	CAS	InChI Key
Iron	unknown	E1UOL152H7	7439-89-6	XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Ferrous cation	ionic	GW89581OWR	15438-31-0	CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Over the Counter Products

Name	Dosage	Strength	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Ferrous Gluconate	Tablet	35 mg	Oral	Wn Pharmaceuticals Ltd.	2002-05-31	2007-08-07
Ferrous Gluconate Tab 300mg	Tablet	300 mg / tab	Oral	Shoppers Drug Mart Inc.	1977-12-31	1997-08-15
Ferrous Gluconate Tab 300mg	Tablet	300 mg / tab	Oral	Pharmetics (2011) Inc.	1973-12-31	2000-08-21
Ferrous Gluconate Tab 300mg	Tablet	300 mg	Oral	Vita Health Products Inc	1957-12-31	2005-07-20
Ferrous Gluconate Tablet 300mg	Tablet	300 mg	Oral	D.C. Labs Limited	1969-12-31	2005-07-19
Fertinic Syr 35mg/5ml	Syrup	35 mg / 5 mL	Oral	Desbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc.	1973-12-31	2000-09-06
Fertinic Tab 300mg	Tablet	300 mg / tab	Oral	Desbergers LtÉe, Division Of Technilab Inc.	1939-12-31	1999-09-17
Iron Dietary Supplement	Tablet	35 mg / tab	Oral	Garden State Nutritionals	1998-09-22	2000-06-07
Timed Release Iron 35mg	Tablet, extended release	35 mg / srt	Oral	Nutricorp International	1999-11-30	2009-08-05
Timed Release Iron 50mg	Tablet, extended release	50 mg	Oral	Nutricorp International	2003-09-30	2009-08-06

Mixture Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
Alsimine W Vitamins A D	Ferrous gluconate (16 mg / amp) + Calcium glycerophosphate (13 mg / amp) + Cyanocobalamin (10 mcg / amp) + Dexpanthenol (5 mg / amp) + Dexpanthenol (400 unit / amp) + Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (2 mg / amp) + Nicotinamide (40 mg / amp) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg / amp) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4.5 mg / amp) + Vitamin A (10000 unit / amp)	Capsule; Liquid	Oral	Alsi Cie Ltee	1978-12-31	2003-05-21
ANFEZINC - G SURUP	Ferrous gluconate (40 mg/5mL) + Zinc gluconate (15 mg/5mL)	Syrup	Oral	BERAT BERAN İLAÇ SAN. VE TİC. LTD. ŞTİ.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
Bev 29 Tab	Ferrous gluconate (1 mg / tab) + Biotin (3 mcg / tab) + Choline (63 mg / tab) + Cyanocobalamin (50 mcg / tab) + Folic acid (.013 mg / tab) + Inositol (7 mg / tab) + Niacin (1 mg / tab) + Pantothenic acid (25 mg / tab) + Riboflavin (.025 mg / tab) + Thiamine (10 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Beverly International Nutrition	1987-12-31	1998-08-01
Children's Chew Multi & Min Tab	Ferrous gluconate (2.5 mg / tab) + Ascorbic acid (30 mg / tab) + Beta carotene (1250 unit / tab) + Biotin (75 mcg / tab) + Calcium carbonate (100 mg / tab) + Choline bitartrate (5 mg / tab) + Copper gluconate (1 mg / tab) + Cyanocobalamin (5 mcg / tab) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (15 unit / tab) + Iodine (.075 mg / tab) + Magnesium oxide (25 mg / tab) + Manganese gluconate (.5 mg / tab) + Nicotinamide (10 mg / tab) + Calcium pantothenate (6.25 mg / tab) + Potassium chloride (.5 mg / tab) + Potassium chloride (5 mg / tab) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1.25 mg / tab) + Riboflavin (1.25 mg / tab) + Thiamine hydrochloride (1.25 mg / tab) + Vitamin A palmitate (1250 unit / tab) + Vitamin D (200 unit / tab) + Zinc gluconate (1.25 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Natrol, Inc.	1995-12-31	2001-07-30
Dynam Ampoule Et Tablet	Ferrous gluconate (16 mg / 10 mL) + Ascorbic acid (150 mg / 10 mL) + Cyanocobalamin (10 mcg / 10 mL) + Dexpanthenol (5 mg / 10 mL) + Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (2 mg / 10 mL) + Nicotinamide (40 mg / 10 mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (3 mg / 10 mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (4.5 mg / 10 mL) + Vitamin A (5000 unit / 10 mL) + Vitamin D (400 unit / 10 mL)	Liquid; Tablet	Oral	Cardinaux Enrg Les Produits Naturels	1989-12-31	1996-09-09
FERROZINC - G SURUP, 100 ML	Ferrous gluconate (40 mg) + Zinc gluconate (15 mg)	Syrup	Oral	BERKO İLAÇ VE KİMYA SAN. A.Ş.	2020-08-14	Not applicable
Floravit - Syr	Ferrous gluconate (19.1 mg / 20 mL) + Ascorbic acid (21.2 mg / 20 mL) + Cyanocobalamin (2 mcg / 20 mL) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1.7 mg / 20 mL) + Riboflavin (1.7 mg / 20 mL) + Thiamine hydrochloride (1.6 mg / 20 mL)	Syrup	Oral	Flora Manufacturing And Distributing Ltd.	1995-05-28	2009-08-05
HEGLOBINA JARABE	Ferrous gluconate (0.3443 g) + Riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium salt dihydrate (0.02 g) + Nicotinamide (0.115 g) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (0.115 g) + Thiamine hydrochloride (0.06 g)	Syrup	Oral	LABORATORIO FRANCO COLOMBIANO - LAFRANCOL S.A.S.	2006-11-10	2014-10-03
Iron II	Ferrous gluconate (26 mg / tab) + Ferrous fumarate (75 mg / tab)	Tablet	Oral	Nutrilite, A Division Of Access Business Group, Llc	1983-12-31	1996-09-09
Isotonix Multitech Vitamin Mineral Supplemen	Ferrous gluconate (1.5 mg / g) + Ascorbic acid (40 mg / g) + Beta carotene (833.3 unit / g) + Biotin (50 mcg / g) + Cholecalciferol (133.3 unit / g) + Chromium (8.3 mcg / g) + Copper (.33 mg / g) + Cyanocobalamin (5 mcg / g) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (13.3 unit / g) + Folic acid (.13 mg / g) + Magnesium (16.6 mg / g) + Manganese (1.6 mg / g) + Nicotinamide (13.3 mg / g) + Calcium pantothenate (3.3 mg / g) + Potassium (33 mg / g) + Potassium Iodide (.05 mg / g) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (1.3 mg / g) + Riboflavin (1 mg / g) + Selenium (8.3 mcg / g) + Thiamine (.86 mg / g) + Vitamin A palmitate (1666.6 unit / g) + Zinc (2.5 mg / g)	Powder	Oral	Market America, Inc.	1996-12-31	2009-07-20

Unapproved/Other Products

Name	Ingredients	Dosage	Route	Labeller	Marketing Start	Marketing End
BioFerr 90	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (13.2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (138 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (16.8 ug/1) + Docusate sodium (55 mg/1) + Folic acid (1.4 mg/1) + Iron (88.5 mg/1)	Tablet, film coated	Oral	Biocomp Pharma, Inc.	2014-07-01	Not applicable
CitraNatal 90 DHA	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (5 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (159 mg/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (85 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine chloride (3 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (4.54 mg/1) + Vitamin D (400 [iU]/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1) + alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1)	Tablet	Oral	Mission Pharmacal Company	2014-04-11	Not applicable
CitraNatal Bloom	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (13.2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (138 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (16.8 ug/1) + Docusate sodium (55 mg/1) + Folic acid (1.4 mg/1) + Iron (88.5 mg/1)	Tablet, film coated	Oral	Mission Pharmacal Company	2017-08-01	2024-06-01
CitraNatal Bloom	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (13.2 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (138 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (16.8 ug/1) + Docusate sodium (55 mg/1) + Folic acid (1.4 mg/1) + Iron (88.5 mg/1)	Tablet, film coated	Oral	Mission Pharmacal Company	2017-08-01	2017-07-20
CitraNatal Bloom DHA	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (1.5 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Crypthecodinium cohnii DHA oil (300 mg/300mg) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (88.5 mg/1)	Kit	Oral	Mission Pharmacal Company	2018-01-18	Not applicable
Foltabs Prenatal	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (13 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (14 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (30 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (3 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)	Tablet	Oral	Mayne Pharma	2009-01-01	2016-12-31
Foltabs Prenatal Plus DHA	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (13 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + D-alpha-Tocopherol acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (14 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine mononitrate (3 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)	Kit	Oral	Midlothian Laboratories, LLC	2009-01-01	2011-04-30
Natalvirt FLT	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (90 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Cyanocobalamin (12 ug/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1)	Tablet, film coated	Oral	Virtus Pharmaceuticals	2013-04-01	2014-12-27
Pnv Ob DHA	Ferrous gluconate dihydrate (0.1 mg/1) + Ascorbic acid (120 mg/1) + Calcium citrate tetrahydrate (125 mg/1) + Cholecalciferol (400 [iU]/1) + Cupric oxide (2 mg/1) + DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate (30 [iU]/1) + Doconexent (250 mg/1) + Docusate sodium (50 mg/1) + Folic acid (1 mg/1) + Iron (26.9 mg/1) + Nicotinamide (20 mg/1) + Potassium Iodide (150 ug/1) + Pyridoxine hydrochloride (20 mg/1) + Riboflavin (3.4 mg/1) + Thiamine hydrochloride (3 mg/1) + Zinc oxide (25 mg/1)	Capsule, gelatin coated; Kit; Tablet	Oral	PureTek Corporation	2011-06-01	2019-05-29

Chemical Identifiers

UNII: 781E2AXH0K
CAS number: 299-29-6
InChI Key: VRIVJOXICYMTAG-IYEMJOQQSA-L
InChI: InChI=1S/2C6H12O7.Fe/c2*7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13;/h2*2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13);/q;;+2/p-2/t2*2-,3-,4+,5-;/m11./s1
IUPAC Name: lambda2-iron(2+) bis((2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate)
SMILES: [Fe++].[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([O-])=O.[H][C@@](O)(CO)[C@@]([H])(O)[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(O)C([O-])=O

References

General References

TITCK Product Information: Ferrozinc-G (ferrous gluconate/zinc gluconate) oral syrup [Link]

External Links

PubChem Compound: 9291
ChemSpider: 19953133
Wikipedia: Iron(II)_gluconate

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials

Phase	Status	Purpose	Conditions	Count
4	Completed	Basic Science	Anemia	1
4	Completed	Diagnostic	Iron Absorption / Post-gastrointestinal bypass surgery / Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Anemia	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Heart Failure / Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Hemodialysis Treatment / Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) / Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Iron Deficiency (ID)	1
4	Completed	Treatment	Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) / Renal Failure, Chronic Renal Failure	1
4	Terminated	Treatment	Anemia	1
4	Unknown Status	Treatment	Anemia / Iron Deficiency (ID)	1
3	Recruiting	Treatment	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) / Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)	1

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers

Not Available

Packagers

Not Available

Dosage Forms

Form	Route	Strength
Capsule; liquid	Oral
Solution	Oral	6.66 mg
Suspension	Oral	600 mg
Tablet, film coated	Oral
Solution	Oral	3.33 g
Powder, for solution	Oral	126 MG/10ML
Powder, for solution	Oral	126 mg
Powder, for solution	Oral	80 MG
Tablet	Oral	80 MG
Tablet	Oral	35 mg
Tablet	Oral	38 mg/1
Tablet	Oral	300 mg / tab
Tablet	Oral	300 mg
Syrup	Oral	35 mg / 5 mL
Tablet	Oral
Kit	Oral
Capsule, liquid filled	Oral
Powder, for solution	Oral	300 mg
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	650 MG
Tablet	Oral	35 mg / tab
Powder	Oral
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	695.04 mg
Tablet	Oral	695 MG
Tablet, effervescent	Oral
Solution	Oral
Capsule, gelatin coated; kit; tablet	Oral
Syrup	Oral
Capsule	Oral
Solution, concentrate	Intravenous
Injection, solution, concentrate	Intravenous
Liquid; tablet	Oral
Solution	Oral	650 mg
Tablet, extended release	Oral	35 mg / srt
Tablet, extended release	Oral	50 mg
Liquid	Oral
Tablet, effervescent	Oral	695 mg
Tablet, sugar coated	Oral
Capsule

Prices

Not Available

Patents

Not Available

Properties

State

Not Available

Experimental Properties

Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Water Solubility	36.6 mg/mL	ALOGPS
logP	-2	ALOGPS
logP	-3.4	Chemaxon
logS	-1.1	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.39	Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-3	Chemaxon
Physiological Charge	-1	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	7	Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	5	Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area	141.28 Å²	Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count	10	Chemaxon
Refractivity	49.11 m³·mol^-1	Chemaxon
Polarizability	16.62 Å³	Chemaxon
Number of Rings	0	Chemaxon
Bioavailability	1	Chemaxon
Rule of Five	Yes	Chemaxon
Ghose Filter	No	Chemaxon
Veber's Rule	No	Chemaxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	Chemaxon

Predicted ADMET Features

Not Available

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST): Not Available
Spectra: Not Available

Targets

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Details1. Transferrin receptor protein 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Virus receptor activity
Specific Function: Cellular uptake of iron occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis of ligand-occupied transferrin receptor into specialized endosomes. Endosomal acidification leads to iron release. The apotransferri...
Gene Name: TFRC
Uniprot ID: P02786
Uniprot Name: Transferrin receptor protein 1
Molecular Weight: 84870.665 Da

References

Hemadi M, Ha-Duong NT, El Hage Chahine JM: The mechanism of iron release from the transferrin-receptor 1 adduct. J Mol Biol. 2006 May 12;358(4):1125-36. Epub 2006 Mar 13. [Article]

Details2. Egl nine homolog 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Peptidyl-proline dioxygenase activity
Specific Function: Cellular oxygen sensor that catalyzes, under normoxic conditions, the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) alpha proteins. Hydroxylates a specific prol...
Gene Name: EGLN1
Uniprot ID: Q9GZT9
Uniprot Name: Egl nine homolog 1
Molecular Weight: 46020.585 Da

References

Davidson TL, Chen H, Di Toro DM, D'Angelo G, Costa M: Soluble nickel inhibits HIF-prolyl-hydroxylases creating persistent hypoxic signaling in A549 cells. Mol Carcinog. 2006 Jul;45(7):479-89. [Article]

Details3. Histone deacetylase 8

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Transcription factor binding
Specific Function: Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an impo...
Gene Name: HDAC8
Uniprot ID: Q9BY41
Uniprot Name: Histone deacetylase 8
Molecular Weight: 41757.29 Da

References

Gantt SL, Gattis SG, Fierke CA: Catalytic activity and inhibition of human histone deacetylase 8 is dependent on the identity of the active site metal ion. Biochemistry. 2006 May 16;45(19):6170-8. [Article]

Details4. Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Acts as a chaperone to prevent the harmful aggregation of alpha-hemoglobin during normal erythroid cell development. Specifically protects free alpha-hemoglobin from precipitation. It is predicted to modulate pathological states of alpha-hemoglobin excess such as beta-thalassemia.
Specific Function: Hemoglobin binding
Gene Name: AHSP
Uniprot ID: Q9NZD4
Uniprot Name: Alpha-hemoglobin-stabilizing protein
Molecular Weight: 11840.325 Da

References

Zhou S, Olson JS, Fabian M, Weiss MJ, Gow AJ: Biochemical fates of alpha hemoglobin bound to alpha hemoglobin-stabilizing protein AHSP. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 27;281(43):32611-8. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [Article]

Details5. Hemoglobin subunit alpha

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Oxygen transporter activity
Specific Function: Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues.
Gene Name: HBA1
Uniprot ID: P69905
Uniprot Name: Hemoglobin subunit alpha
Molecular Weight: 15257.405 Da

References

Zhou S, Olson JS, Fabian M, Weiss MJ, Gow AJ: Biochemical fates of alpha hemoglobin bound to alpha hemoglobin-stabilizing protein AHSP. J Biol Chem. 2006 Oct 27;281(43):32611-8. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [Article]

Details6. Frataxin, mitochondrial

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Promotes the biosynthesis of heme and assembly and repair of iron-sulfur clusters by delivering Fe(2+) to proteins involved in these pathways. May play a role in the protection against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress through its ability to catalyze the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+); the oligomeric form but not the monomeric form has in vitro ferroxidase activity. May be able to store large amounts of iron in the form of a ferrihydrite mineral by oligomerization; however, the physiological relevance is unsure as reports are conflicting and the function has only been shown using heterologous overexpression systems. Modulates the RNA-binding activity of ACO1.
Specific Function: 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding
Gene Name: FXN
Uniprot ID: Q16595
Uniprot Name: Frataxin, mitochondrial
Molecular Weight: 23134.895 Da

References

Bencze KZ, Kondapalli KC, Cook JD, McMahon S, Millan-Pacheco C, Pastor N, Stemmler TL: The structure and function of frataxin. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2006 Sep-Oct;41(5):269-91. [Article]

Details7. Ferritin heavy chain

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Iron ion binding
Specific Function: Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after ...
Gene Name: FTH1
Uniprot ID: P02794
Uniprot Name: Ferritin heavy chain
Molecular Weight: 21225.47 Da

References

Toussaint L, Bertrand L, Hue L, Crichton RR, Declercq JP: High-resolution X-ray structures of human apoferritin H-chain mutants correlated with their activity and metal-binding sites. J Mol Biol. 2007 Jan 12;365(2):440-52. Epub 2006 Oct 7. [Article]

Details8. Flap endonuclease 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'-3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structurs that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA.
Specific Function: 5'-3' exonuclease activity
Gene Name: FEN1
Uniprot ID: P39748
Uniprot Name: Flap endonuclease 1
Molecular Weight: 42592.635 Da

References

Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [Article]

Details9. Endonuclease 8-like 1

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Not Available
Specific Function: Not Available
Gene Name: NEIL1
Uniprot ID: Q96FI4
Uniprot Name: Endonuclease 8-like 1
Molecular Weight: 43683.625 Da

References

Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [Article]

Details10. Endonuclease 8-like 2

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Zinc ion binding
Specific Function: Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5-hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preferenc...
Gene Name: NEIL2
Uniprot ID: Q969S2
Uniprot Name: Endonuclease 8-like 2
Molecular Weight: 36826.285 Da

References

Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [Article]

Details11. DNA polymerase beta

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Microtubule binding
Specific Function: Repair polymerase that plays a key role in base-excision repair. Has 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity that removes the 5' sugar phosphate and also acts as a DNA polymerase that...
Gene Name: POLB
Uniprot ID: P06746
Uniprot Name: DNA polymerase beta
Molecular Weight: 38177.34 Da

References

Hegde ML, Hegde PM, Holthauzen LM, Hazra TK, Rao KS, Mitra S: Specific Inhibition of NEIL-initiated repair of oxidized base damage in human genome by copper and iron: potential etiological linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 10;285(37):28812-25. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.126664. Epub 2010 Jul 9. [Article]

Details12. Ceruloplasmin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Ferroxidase activity
Specific Function: Ceruloplasmin is a blue, copper-binding (6-7 atoms per molecule) glycoprotein. It has ferroxidase activity oxidizing Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) without releasing radical oxygen species. It is involved in iro...
Gene Name: CP
Uniprot ID: P00450
Uniprot Name: Ceruloplasmin
Molecular Weight: 122204.45 Da

References

Ha-Duong NT, Eid C, Hemadi M, El Hage Chahine JM: In vitro interaction between ceruloplasmin and human serum transferrin. Biochemistry. 2010 Dec 7;49(48):10261-3. doi: 10.1021/bi1014503. Epub 2010 Nov 9. [Article]

Details13. Serotransferrin

Kind: Protein
Organism: Humans
Pharmacological action: Unknown

General Function: Transferrin receptor binding
Specific Function: Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. It is responsible for the transport of iron from si...
Gene Name: TF
Uniprot ID: P02787
Uniprot Name: Serotransferrin
Molecular Weight: 77063.195 Da

References

Ha-Duong NT, Eid C, Hemadi M, El Hage Chahine JM: In vitro interaction between ceruloplasmin and human serum transferrin. Biochemistry. 2010 Dec 7;49(48):10261-3. doi: 10.1021/bi1014503. Epub 2010 Nov 9. [Article]

Drug created at July 09, 2018 16:47 / Updated at October 02, 2023 21:58

Ferrous gluconate

Identification

Structure for Ferrous gluconate (DB14488)

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