Identification
- Summary
Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used in the management of hypotension, generally in the surgical setting associated with the use of anesthetics.
- Brand Names
- 4-way, Advil Congestion Relief, Advil Sinus Congestion and Pain, Ala-hist PE, Allerest PE, Benadryl-D Allergy and Sinus, Biorphen, Cyclomydril, Dayquil Sinex, Deconex, Despec Reformulated Jun 2008, Dimetapp Nighttime Cold & Congestion, Diphen, Entex Lq, Gilphex, Histex Ac, Little Noses Decongestant, M-end PE, Mucinex Stuffy Nose & Cold, Mydfrin, Nasopen PE, Neo-synephrine, Omidria, Poly Hist Forte Reformulated Nov 2013, Preparation H Cooling Gel, Preparation H Cream, Preparation H Reformulated Jun 2013, Refenesen PE, Rescon-GG, Rymed-D, Soframycin, Sudafed PE, Sudafed PE Children's Cold & Cough, Sudafed PE Children's Nasal Decongestant, Sudafed PE Head Congestion Plus Pain, Sudafed PE Sinus Headache, Sudo-tab, Sudogest PE, Triaminic Day Time Cold & Cough, Triaminic Night Time Cold & Cough, Vazculep, Wal-profen Congestion Relief and Pain
- Generic Name
- Phenylephrine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00388
- Background
Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat hypotension,6,8 dilate the pupil,7 and induce local vasoconstriction.1 The action of phenylephrine, or neo-synephrine, was first described in literature in the 1930s.2
Phenylephrine was granted FDA approval in 1939.7
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Phenylephrine (DB00388)
- Weight
- Average: 167.205
Monoisotopic: 167.094628665 - Chemical Formula
- C9H13NO2
- Synonyms
- (−)-m-hydroxy-α-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol
- Fenilefrina
- l-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-methylethanolamine
- Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrinum
- R(-)-Phenylephrine
- External IDs
- J8.601K
Pharmacology
- Indication
Phenylephrine injections are indicated to treat hypotension caused by shock or anesthesia,6,8 an ophthalmic formulation is indicated to dilate pupils7 and induce vasoconstriction, an intranasal formulation is used to treat congestion, and a topical formulation is used to treat hemorrhoids.1 Off-label uses include situations that require local blood flow restriction such as the treatment of priapism.1
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- Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC)
- Allergic Rhinitis (AR)
- Allergy to Tree Pollen
- Anorectal discomfort
- Cold
- Common Cold
- Congestion of the Conjunctivas
- Cough
- Cough caused by Common Cold
- Eye allergy
- Eye redness
- Fever
- Flu caused by Influenza
- Haemorrhoids
- Headache
- Headache caused by Allergies
- Headache caused by Common Cold
- Headache caused by Pollen Allergy
- Hypotension
- Irritative cough
- Itching of the nose
- Itching of the throat
- Laryngotracheitis
- Nasal Congestion
- Nose discomfort
- Ocular Inflammation
- Ocular Irritation
- Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
- Respiratory tract congestion
- Respiratory tract irritation
- Rhinopharyngitis
- Rhinorrhoea
- Seasonal Allergies
- Shock, Cardiogenic
- Sinus Congestion
- Sinus pressure
- Sinusitis
- Sneezing
- Sore Throat
- Tracheobronchitis
- Upper respiratory tract hypersensitivity reaction, site unspecified
- Vasomotor Rhinitis
- Aching caused by Flu caused by Influenza
- Bronchial congestion
- Cold or flu syndrome
- Itchy throat
- Minor aches and pains
- Watery itchy eyes
- Associated Therapies
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Avoid life-threatening adverse drug eventsImprove clinical decision support with information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events & improve clinical decision support.- Pharmacodynamics
Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that raises blood pressure,6,8 dilates the pupils,7 and causes local vasoconstriction.1 Ophthalmic formulations of phenylephrine act for 3-8 hours7 while intravenous solutions have an effective half life of 5 minutes and an elimination half life of 2.5 hours.3,6 Patients taking ophthalmic formulations of phenylephrine should be counselled about the risk of arrhythmia, hypertension, and rebound miosis.7 Patients taking an intravenous formulation should be counselled regarding the risk of bradycardia, allergic reactions, extravasation causing necrosis or tissue sloughing, and the concomitant use of oxytocic drugs.6,8
- Mechanism of action
Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that mediates vasoconstriction1 and mydriasis7 depending on the route and location of administration. Systemic exposure to phenylephrine also leads to agonism of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, raising systolic and diastolic pressure as well as peripheral vascular resistance.6,8 Increased blood pressure stimulates the vagus nerve, causing reflex bradycardia.6,8
Target Actions Organism AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonistHumans AAlpha-1B adrenergic receptor agonistHumans AAlpha-1D adrenergic receptor agonistHumans - Absorption
Phenylephrine is 38% orally bioavailable.3 Clinically significant systemic absorption of ophthalmic formulations is possible, especially at higher strengths and when the cornea is damaged.6
- Volume of distribution
- Protein binding
Data regarding the protein binding of phenylephrine in serum is not readily available.6,7,8
- Metabolism
Phenylephrine is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase A, monoamine oxidase B, and SULT1A3.4,5,6,8 The major metabolite is the inactive meta-hydroxymandelic acid, followed by sulfate conjugates.5,6,8 Phenylephrine can also be metabolized to phenylephrine glucuronide.5
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- Route of elimination
86% of a dose of phenylephrine is recovered in the urine3 with 16% as the unmetabolized drug, 57% as the inactive meta-hydroxymendelic acid, and 8% as inactive sulfate conjugates.6,8
- Half-life
Intravenous phenylephrine has an effective half life of 5 minutes and an elimination half life of 2.5 hours.3,6,8
- Clearance
- Adverse Effects
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Patients experiencing and overdose may present with headache, hypertension, reflex bradycardia, tingling limbs, cardiac arrhythmias, and a feeling of fullness in the head.6,7,8 Overdose may be treated by supportive care and discontinuing phenylephrine, chronotropic medications, and vasodilators.1 Subcutaneous phentolamine may be used to treat tissue extravasation.1,7
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of hypertension can be decreased when 1,2-Benzodiazepine is combined with Phenylephrine. Acebutolol The therapeutic efficacy of Phenylephrine can be decreased when used in combination with Acebutolol. Aceclofenac The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Phenylephrine is combined with Aceclofenac. Acemetacin The risk or severity of hypertension can be increased when Phenylephrine is combined with Acemetacin. Acenocoumarol The metabolism of Acenocoumarol can be increased when combined with Phenylephrine. Aclidinium The risk or severity of Tachycardia can be increased when Phenylephrine is combined with Aclidinium. Acyclovir The metabolism of Acyclovir can be increased when combined with Phenylephrine. Adenosine The risk or severity of Tachycardia can be increased when Phenylephrine is combined with Adenosine. Agomelatine The metabolism of Agomelatine can be increased when combined with Phenylephrine. Albendazole The metabolism of Albendazole can be increased when combined with Phenylephrine. 
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- No interactions found.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Phenylephrine bitartrate 27O3Q5ML57 17162-39-9 NHKOTKKHHYKARN-NDAAPVSOSA-N Phenylephrine hydrochloride 04JA59TNSJ 61-76-7 OCYSGIYOVXAGKQ-FVGYRXGTSA-N Phenylephrine tannate DU5ATO7HYP 1416-03-1 HXLHQWSMCJUVMM-RVLWPPNGSA-N - Active Moieties
Name Kind UNII CAS InChI Key Chloride ion ionic Q32ZN48698 16887-00-6 VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M - Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- AK-Dilate / AK-Nefrin / Alconefrin / Mesatone / Minims Phenylephrine / Neofrin / Ocugestrin / Phenoptic / Phenylephrine Minims / Prefrin / Rhinall / Spersaphrine / Visadron
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Biorphen Injection, solution 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2019-11-15 Not applicable US 
Biorphen Injection, solution 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2019-11-15 Not applicable US Biorphen Injection, solution 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc. 2022-11-25 Not applicable US Biorphen Injection, solution 0.1 mg/1mL Intravenous Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Inc. 2022-11-25 Not applicable US Biorphen Injection, solution 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Eton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2021-03-11 2021-04-01 US Fresh Clear Solution / drops 1.2 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Allergan, Inc. 2011-11-01 Not applicable US Minims Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Solution 10 % w/v Ophthalmic Bausch & Lomb Inc 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Minims Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Solution 2.5 % w/v Ophthalmic Bausch & Lomb Inc 1995-12-31 Not applicable Canada Mydfrin Solution 25 mg/1mL Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 1990-09-30 2014-04-30 US Mydfrin Solution 2.5 % w/v Ophthalmic Alcon, Inc. 1979-12-31 Not applicable Canada - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Phenylephrine hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Amneal Pharmaceuticals LLC 2018-07-07 Not applicable US Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Gland Pharma Limited 2020-10-21 Not applicable US Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous AuroMedics Pharma LLC 2020-11-13 Not applicable US Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Medical Purchasing Solutions, Llc 2021-01-07 Not applicable US Phenylephrine hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Medical Purchasing Solutions, Llc 2018-07-07 Not applicable US Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Sandoz Inc 2019-09-05 Not applicable US Phenylephrine Hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Somerset Therapeutics, Llc 2021-09-22 Not applicable US Phenylephrine hydrochloride Injection 100 mg/10mL Intravenous Lifestar Pharma Llc 2022-08-31 Not applicable US Phenylephrine hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Par Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2019-07-17 Not applicable US Phenylephrine hydrochloride Injection 10 mg/1mL Intravenous Apollo Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2020-08-12 Not applicable US - Over the Counter Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 4 Way Fast Acting Spray 10 mg/1mL Nasal GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Holdings (US) LLC 2010-01-01 Not applicable US 7 Select Nasal Decongestant PE Tablet, film coated 10 mg/1 Oral 7-Eleven 2016-10-07 2020-11-30 US Anti Hemorrhoidal H Suppository Suppository 0.25 % w/w Rectal Cellchem Pharmaceuticals Inc. Not applicable Not applicable Canada Assured Maximum Strength Nasal Decongestant Tablet 10 mg/1 Oral Spirit Pharmaceuticals LLC 2019-02-26 Not applicable US Assured Maximum Strength Nasal Decongestant Tablet 10 mg/1 Oral Spirit Pharmaceuticals LLC 2019-02-26 Not applicable US Basic Care Nasal Spray 1 g/100mL Nasal Amazon.com Services LLC 2021-07-09 Not applicable US Basic Care Sinus PE Tablet, film coated 10 mg/1 Oral L. Perrigo Company 2019-12-02 Not applicable US Basic Care Sinus PE Tablet, film coated 10 mg/1 Oral Amazon.com Services LLC 2021-06-10 Not applicable US Benylin Cold Strips Strip 10 mg Oral Mcneil Consumer Healthcare Division Of Johnson & Johnson Inc Not applicable Not applicable Canada Benylin D for Infants Solution 1.25 mg / 0.8 mL Oral Pfizer Canada Inc., Consumer Healthcare Division 2007-09-14 2007-11-05 Canada - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 24/7 Life Cold and Flu DayTime Severe Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (10 mg/1) + Guaifenesin (200 mg/1) Tablet, film coated Oral Mechanical Servants, Llc 2021-10-27 Not applicable US 4248 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (110 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (162 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Caffeine (32.4 mg/1) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Hydrocortisone acetate (1 g/100g) + Hydrocortisone acetate (1 g/100g) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Menthol (0.33 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Salicylamide (152 mg/1) + Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (0.05 g/100mL) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US 4356 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Menthol (0.33 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US 4390 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100mL) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Ethanol (62 mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (24.64 mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US 4392 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100mL) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Ethanol (62 mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (24.64 mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US 7 Select Cold and Allergy Childrens Phenylephrine hydrochloride (2.5 mg/5mL) + Brompheniramine maleate (1 mg/5mL) Liquid Oral 7 Eleven 2014-08-05 2016-02-19 US 7 Select Day Time Relief Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/15mL) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/15mL) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (10 mg/15mL) Solution Oral 7-Eleven 2014-08-05 2020-10-31 US 7 Select Day Time Relief Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Dextromethorphan hydrobromide monohydrate (10 mg/1) Capsule, liquid filled Oral 7-Eleven 2014-04-22 2020-01-31 US 7 Select Hemorrhoidal Original Strength Phenylephrine hydrochloride (2.5 mg/1g) + Mineral oil (140 mg/1g) + Petrolatum (749 mg/1g) Ointment Topical 7-ELEVEN, INC. 2016-12-07 Not applicable US 7 Select Night Time Severe Cold Cough and Flu Phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (650 mg/1) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (25 mg/1) Powder, for solution Oral 7-Eleven 2016-01-25 2021-01-01 US - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image 4248 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (110 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (162 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Caffeine (32.4 mg/1) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Ethanol (0.5 mL/1mL) + Hydrocortisone acetate (1 g/100g) + Hydrocortisone acetate (1 g/100g) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (20 mg/1mL) + Menthol (0.33 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Salicylamide (152 mg/1) + Tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride (0.05 g/100mL) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US 4356 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Acetylsalicylic acid (325 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Bacitracin zinc (400 [iU]/1g) + Benzalkonium chloride (1.3 mg/1mL) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzethonium chloride (0.2 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Benzocaine (10 g/100g) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Menthol (0.33 g/100g) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Polymyxin B sulfate (5000 [iU]/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US 4390 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100mL) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Ethanol (62 mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (24.64 mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US 4392 First Aid Kit Phenylephrine hydrochloride (5 mg/1) + Acetaminophen (325 mg/1) + Ammonia (0.045 g/0.3mL) + Benzalkonium chloride (0.13 g/100mL) + Calcium carbonate (420 mg/1) + Ethanol (62 mL/100mL) + Ibuprofen (200 mg/1) + Isopropyl alcohol (0.7 mL/1mL) + Lidocaine hydrochloride (24.64 mg/1mL) + Neomycin sulfate (3.5 mg/1g) + Water (98.6 mL/100mL) Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Honeywell Safety Products USA, Inc 2018-10-18 Not applicable US A-Tan 12X Suspension Phenylephrine tannate (5 mg/5mL) + Guaifenesin (100 mg/5mL) + Mepyramine tannate (30 mg/5mL) Suspension Oral Amneal Pharmaceuticals 2006-01-06 2008-12-05 US Airacof Phenylephrine hydrochloride (7.5 mg/5mL) + Codeine phosphate hemihydrate (7.5 mg/5mL) + Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (12.5 mg/5mL) Liquid Oral Centurion Labs 2010-01-08 2016-05-02 US Allergy DN PE Phenylephrine hydrochloride (40 mg/1) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (8 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) Kit Oral Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2008-11-01 2010-03-31 US Allergy DN PE Phenylephrine hydrochloride (40 mg/1) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (8 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) Kit Oral Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Inc. 2008-11-01 2010-03-31 US AlleRx Dose Pack Phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (8 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (120 mg/1) Kit Oral Cornerstone Therapeutics Inc. 2008-02-01 2012-10-31 US AlleRx Dose Pack PE Phenylephrine hydrochloride (40 mg/1) + Phenylephrine hydrochloride (10 mg/1) + Chlorpheniramine maleate (8 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) + Methscopolamine nitrate (2.5 mg/1) Kit Oral Cornerstone Therapeutics Inc. 2006-09-01 2012-10-31 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- S01FB01 — Phenylephrine
- S01FB — Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations
- S01F — MYDRIATICS AND CYCLOPLEGICS
- S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
- R01AB — Sympathomimetics, combinations excl. corticosteroids
- R01A — DECONGESTANTS AND OTHER NASAL PREPARATIONS FOR TOPICAL USE
- R01 — NASAL PREPARATIONS
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- C01CA — Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents
- C01C — CARDIAC STIMULANTS EXCL. CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
- C01 — CARDIAC THERAPY
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- R01AA — Sympathomimetics, plain
- R01A — DECONGESTANTS AND OTHER NASAL PREPARATIONS FOR TOPICAL USE
- R01 — NASAL PREPARATIONS
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- S01FB — Sympathomimetics excl. antiglaucoma preparations
- S01F — MYDRIATICS AND CYCLOPLEGICS
- S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
- R01BA — Sympathomimetics
- R01B — NASAL DECONGESTANTS FOR SYSTEMIC USE
- R01 — NASAL PREPARATIONS
- R — RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- S01GA — Sympathomimetics used as decongestants
- S01G — DECONGESTANTS AND ANTIALLERGICS
- S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
- S01GA — Sympathomimetics used as decongestants
- S01G — DECONGESTANTS AND ANTIALLERGICS
- S01 — OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
- S — SENSORY ORGANS
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergic Agents
- Adrenergic Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Agonists
- Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents
- Agents producing tachycardia
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Alcohols
- Amines
- Amino Alcohols
- Autonomic Agents
- Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides
- Cardiac Therapy
- Cardiotonic Agents
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Compounds used in a research, industrial, or household setting
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inducers (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers
- Decongestants and Antiallergics
- Ethanolamines
- Monoamine Oxidase A Substrates
- Mydriatics
- Mydriatics and Cycloplegics
- Nasal Decongestants
- Nasal Decongestants for Systemic Use
- Nasal Preparations
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- Ophthalmologicals
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Protective Agents
- Respiratory System Agents
- Sensory Organs
- Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents
- Sympathomimetics
- Sympathomimetics Excl. Antiglaucoma Preparations
- Sympathomimetics Used as Decongestants
- Sympathomimetics, Plain
- Vasoconstrictor Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids. These are phenols that are unsubstituted at the 4-position.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Phenols
- Sub Class
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
- Direct Parent
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
- Alternative Parents
- Aralkylamines / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Secondary alcohols / 1,2-aminoalcohols / Dialkylamines / Organopnictogen compounds / Hydrocarbon derivatives / Aromatic alcohols
- Substituents
- 1,2-aminoalcohol / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid / Alcohol / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic alcohol / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Hydrocarbon derivative / Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- phenylethanolamines, secondary amino compound (CHEBI:8093)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 1WS297W6MV
- CAS number
- 59-42-7
- InChI Key
- SONNWYBIRXJNDC-VIFPVBQESA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C9H13NO2/c1-10-6-9(12)7-3-2-4-8(11)5-7/h2-5,9-12H,6H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
- IUPAC Name
- 3-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol
- SMILES
- CNC[C@H](O)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1
References
- Synthesis Reference
Franz Dietrich Klinger, Lienhard Wolter, Wolfgang Dietrich, "Method for preparing of L-phenylephrine hydrochloride." U.S. Patent US6187956, issued February, 1976.
US6187956- General References
- Richards E, Maani CV: Phenylephrine . [Article]
- Prescott F: CLINICAL EVALUATION OF THE PRESSOR ACTIVITY OF METHEDRINE, NEO-SYNEPHRINE, PAREDRINE, AND PHOLEDRINE. Br Heart J. 1944 Oct;6(4):214-20. doi: 10.1136/hrt.6.4.214. [Article]
- Kanfer I, Dowse R, Vuma V: Pharmacokinetics of oral decongestants. Pharmacotherapy. 1993 Nov-Dec;13(6 Pt 2):116S-128S; discussion 143S-146S. [Article]
- Bairam AF, Rasool MI, Alherz FA, Abunnaja MS, El Daibani AA, Gohal SA, Alatwi ES, Kurogi K, Liu MC: Impact of SULT1A3/SULT1A4 genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of phenylephrine and salbutamol by human SULT1A3 allozymes. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2019 Jul;29(5):99-105. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000371. [Article]
- Gelotte CK, Zimmerman BA: Pharmacokinetics, safety, and cardiovascular tolerability of phenylephrine HCl 10, 20, and 30 mg after a single oral administration in healthy volunteers. Clin Drug Investig. 2015 Sep;35(9):547-58. doi: 10.1007/s40261-015-0311-9. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Solution for Intravenous Injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Ophthalmic Solution [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Intravenous Injection (Ready to Use) [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0002182
- KEGG Drug
- D08365
- KEGG Compound
- C07441
- PubChem Compound
- 6041
- PubChem Substance
- 46506961
- ChemSpider
- 5818
- BindingDB
- 50067212
- 8163
- ChEBI
- 8093
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1215
- ZINC
- ZINC000000113355
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000224
- PharmGKB
- PA450935
- Guide to Pharmacology
- GtP Drug Page
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Phenylephrine
- MSDS
- Download (74.7 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count 4 Active Not Recruiting Treatment Corneal Transplant / Grafting, Corneal / Keratoplasty, Lamellar / Transplantation, Cornea 1 4 Completed Not Available Common Cold / Flu caused by Influenza 1 4 Completed Basic Science Endotoxaemia 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Anesthesia therapy / Echocardiography / Hemodynamics / Phenylephrine / Renal Perfusion / Surgery, Cardiac / Ultrasonography, Renal 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Diabetes Mellitus 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Dilatation of the pupil 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Preterm, Infant 1 4 Completed Diagnostic Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) 1 4 Completed Other Endovascular Carotid Surgery / Preoperative Hypotension 1 4 Completed Prevention Anesthesia therapy / Hypotension 1
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Not Available
- Packagers
- Accutome Inc.
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- Advent Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Aero Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- AG Marin Pharmaceuticals
- Akorn Inc.
- Alba Pharmacal
- Alcon Laboratories
- Allegis Pharmaceuticals
- Allergy Laboratories Inc.
- Altaire Pharmaceuticals
- Ambi Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Amend
- American Regent
- Amneal Pharmaceuticals
- Anip Acquisition Co.
- A-S Medication Solutions LLC
- Athlon Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Auriga Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Baroli
- Bausch & Lomb Inc.
- Baxter International Inc.
- Bayer Healthcare
- Bio Pharm Inc.
- Blansett Pharmacal Co. Inc.
- Boca Pharmacal
- Breckenridge Pharmaceuticals
- Brookstone Pharmaceuticals
- Bryant Ranch Prepack
- BTA Pharmaceuticals
- Burel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Capellon Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Cardinal Health
- Centurion Labs
- Chain Drug
- Chemins Co. Inc.
- Claris Lifesciences Inc.
- Conta Care Ophthalmics and Diagnostics
- Contract Pharm
- Cornerstone Pharmacy
- Cypress Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Deca Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Deltex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Deston Therapeutics
- Dexo LLC
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- DSC Laboratories
- Ebewe Pharma
- Econolab Inc.
- Edwards Pharmaceuticals
- Emerson Labs
- Endo Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Everett Laboratories Inc.
- Eye Care and Cure Corp.
- Eye Supply Usa Inc.
- Falcon Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
- Gayheart Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Gentex Pharma LLC
- Gil Pharmaceutical Corp.
- Gm Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Great Southern Laboratories
- Hawthorn Pharmaceuticals
- Hi Tech Pharmacal Co. Inc.
- Hospira Inc.
- HUB Pharmaceuticals
- International Ethical Labs Inc.
- Invision Pharmaceuticals
- Iopharm Laboratories Inc.
- Irisys Inc.
- Jaymac Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Kowa Pharmaceuticals America Inc.
- Kylemore Pharmaceuticals
- Lark Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Larken Laboratories Inc.
- Laser Pharmaceuticals
- Luitpold Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Lunsco Inc.
- Macoven Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Marnel Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- MCR American Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Med Tek Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Meda AB
- Medique Products
- Midland Healthcare LLC
- Midland Pharmaceutical LLC
- Midlothian Labs
- Monte Sano Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Nadin Co.
- Neilgen Pharma Inc.
- Nephron Pharmaceuticals Corp.
- Nexgen Pharma Inc.
- Nolco Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Norega Laboratories Inc.
- Novis PR Inc.
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Numark Laboratories Inc.
- Ocusoft
- Optopics
- Palm Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pamlab LLC
- Pfizer Inc.
- Pharmaceutical Association
- Pharmaceutical Generic Developers Inc.
- Pharmedium
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Poly Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Portal Inc.
- Prasco Labs
- Preferred Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Prescript Pharmaceuticals
- Provident Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Qualitest
- Quality Home Products
- Quality Research Pharmaceutical Inc.
- Rebel Distributors Corp.
- Respa Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Rico Pharmacal
- River's Edge Pharmaceuticals
- Rugby Laboratories
- Rx Formulations Corp.
- Sanofi-Aventis Inc.
- Scherer Labs
- Schwarz Pharma Inc.
- Scientific Laboratories Inc.
- Seatrace Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Seyer Pharmatec Inc.
- Silarx Pharmaceuticals
- Sonar Products Inc.
- Sorter Labs
- Southwood Pharmaceuticals
- Sovereign Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
- Stesso Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Summa Rx Laboratories Inc.
- Teral Laboratories
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- TG United Inc.
- Tiber Pharmaceuticals LLC
- Tri Med Laboratories Inc.
- Trigen Laboratories Inc.
- United Research Laboratories Inc.
- US Pharmaceutical Corp.
- Varsity Laboratories
- Vertical Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Vetco Pharma
- Vindex Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Vintage Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Vision Pharma LLC
- Walgreen Co.
- Wilson Ophthalmic Corp.
- Wockhardt Ltd.
- WraSer Pharmaceuticals
- Zyber Pharmaceuticals
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Kit Ophthalmic; Oral; Respiratory (inhalation); Topical Solution Oral Syrup Oral 100 mg Capsule, coated Oral 500 mg Capsule, liquid filled Not applicable Tablet, effervescent Oral Granule, effervescent Oral Capsule, gelatin coated Oral Kit Oral Tablet, coated Oral Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 10 mg Strip Oral 10 mg Solution Oral 1.25 mg / 0.8 mL Capsule Capsule Nasal Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 100 mg Suspension / drops Oral Injection, solution Intravenous 0.1 mg/1mL Solution Parenteral Injection, solution Parenteral Suspension Conjunctival; Ophthalmic Liquid Topical Elixir Oral Kit; solution Oral Solution Oral 2.5 mg/5mL Liquid Auricular (otic) Spray Nasal 50 mg/ml Kit; tablet, coated Oral Suspension Kit; tablet Oral Capsule, coated pellets Oral Solution Nasal 1.25 mg/1mL Gel Rectal Cream Topical Solution Ophthalmic 0.2 % Kit; liquid; solution Oral Kit; tablet; tablet, coated Oral Kit; tablet, film coated Oral Capsule; kit Oral Kit; liquid Oral Capsule, gelatin coated; capsule, liquid filled; kit Oral Tablet Oral 300 mg Tablet Oral 5 1/1 Tablet, chewable Oral Liquid Oral 2.5 mg/5mL Syrup Not applicable Elixir; kit; solution Oral Cream; kit; liquid; ointment; tablet; tablet, chewable; tablet, film coated Oral; Topical Capsule, liquid filled Oral 500 mg Aerosol, metered Respiratory (inhalation) Spray Nasal 21.73 mg/15mL Spray Nasal 10 mg/1mL Tablet Injection, solution Solution Intravenous 10 mg Solution Ophthalmic 25 mg Solution / drops Nasal; Topical Solution / drops Ophthalmic 10 % Cloth Topical Powder, for suspension Oral Capsule Oral 15 mg Solution Ophthalmic Solution / drops Ophthalmic 1.2 mg/1mL Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 1.2 mg Solution / drops Nasal Cream Rectal; Topical Solution Oral 3 g Gel Topical Ointment Topical 0.25 % Spray Topical Syrup Oral 0.1 g Kit; powder Oral Spray Nasal Tablet, orally disintegrating Oral Liquid Nasal 1 g/100mL Capsule Oral 25 mg Powder, for solution Oral 1000 mg Tablet, multilayer Oral Liquid Nasal 0.125 % Liquid Nasal 1.25 mg/1mL Liquid Nasal 0.00125 mg/1mL Solution / drops Oral Tablet, film coated Oral 5 mg/1 Ointment Rectal; Topical Solution Ophthalmic 2.5 % w/v Solution Ophthalmic 10 % w/v Kit; solution; suspension Oral Capsule, liquid filled; kit; solution Nasal; Oral Capsule Oral Capsule, liquid filled Oral Solution / drops Ophthalmic 2.5 % Injection, solution Intraocular Insert Ophthalmic Tablet, coated Oral 10 mg/1 Tablet Oral 25 mg/1 Solution / drops Topical 0.25 g/100mL Spray Topical 0.25 g/100mL Solution / drops Nasal 1 % Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 10 mg / mL Solution / drops Nasal Spray Nasal 0.25 g/100mL Spray Nasal 0.5 g/100mL Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 10 mg / mL Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 % Strip Oral Solution Oral 12.5 mg/5ml Capsule, liquid filled Oral 5 mg Solution / drops; suspension / drops Capsule, coated Oral Solution / drops Nasal 1 g/100mL Liquid Oral 5 mg / 5 mL Capsule, coated Oral 500 mg Spray Nasal Tablet, film coated Lotion Ophthalmic Solution Ophthalmic 2.5 % Injection, solution, concentrate Intraocular Solution, concentrate Ophthalmic Solution, concentrate Intraocular; Irrigation Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 25 mg Powder Oral 10 mg Granule, for solution Oral Syrup Oral 6.5 g Tablet Oral 500 mg Injection, solution Intraocular; Ophthalmic Injection, solution Intravenous 50 mcg/ml Injection, solution Intravenous; Intravenous bolus 50 mcg/ml Tablet Oral 10 mg/1 Injection, solution 50 mcg/ml Liquid Oral Injection, solution Intravenous 0.08 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 1 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 100 ug/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 160 ug/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 300 ug/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 40 ug/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 50 ug/1mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 10 mg/1 mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 10 mg/1mL Injection Intravenous 100 mg/10mL Injection Intravenous 50 mg/5mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 10 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 10 mg/1mL Powder Not applicable 1 g/1g Solution Ophthalmic 25 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 100 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 2.5 mg/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic 25 mg/1mL Suppository Rectal Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 0.1 mg / mL Solution Intravenous 50 mcg / mL Solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 10 mg / 1 mL Tablet Oral Suspension Ophthalmic Liquid Ophthalmic .12 % Solution Ophthalmic 1.2 mg/ml Cloth; kit; suppository Rectal; Topical Suppository Rectal 6.25 mg/1 Ointment Topical 14 % Gel Rectal 0.25 % w/w Suppository Rectal 85.5 % Gel Rectal; Topical Suspension Oral Syrup Oral Suppository Rectal 0.25 % w/w Cloth; cream; kit Topical Solution / drops Ophthalmic Tablet, multilayer, extended release Oral Syrup Oral 25 mg Capsule, liquid filled; kit Oral Solution Nasal; Respiratory (inhalation) 2 mg Syrup Oral 100 mg/5ml Cream Rectal Tablet Oral 750 mg/1 Ointment Topical Spray Nasal 1 g/100mL Kit; tablet; tablet, film coated Oral Tablet Oral 12.5 mg Tablet Oral 10 mg Tablet Oral 5 mg Tablet Oral 5 mg/1 Tablet, film coated Oral 10 mg/1 Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic Solution Conjunctival; Ophthalmic 50 mg Capsule, coated Oral 200 mg Liquid Oral 2.5 mg/15mL Powder Oral Kit; powder, for solution Oral Ointment Rectal Liquid Nasal 1 mg/100mL Suspension Ophthalmic 1.2 mg Kit; powder; syrup Oral Strip Oral 2.5 mg Tablet, extended release Oral Kit; syrup Oral Tablet, film coated Oral Tablet Oral 30 mg Suspension Oral 1000 mg/1 Kit; suspension Oral Powder, for solution Oral Suspension Intraocular; Ophthalmic Solution Parenteral 10 mg Injection Intravenous 10 mg/1mL Solution / drops; suspension / drops Nasal Spray Nasal 0.0005 g/1mL Spray Nasal 0.004975 g/1mL Solution / drops Ophthalmic Tablet, sugar coated Oral 30 mg Syrup Oral 3 g Granule Oral 500 mg Granule Oral Liquid Ophthalmic Liquid Ophthalmic 100 mg/1ml Syrup Nasal Tablet, sugar coated Oral Lozenge Oral Solution Nasal Syrup Liquid Ophthalmic 0.9 mg/1ml Elixir Tablet, film coated Nasal - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Mydfrin 2.5% Solution 5ml Bottle 37.1USD bottle Neo-synephrine 10 mg/ml amp 5.68USD ml Mydfrin 2.5% eye drops 5.28USD ml Phenylephrine 10 mg/ml vial 3.0USD ml Phenylephrine 2.5% eye drop 2.09USD ml Neofrin 10% eye drops 1.93USD ml Ak-dilate 10% eye drops 1.34USD ml Phenylephrine hcl crystals 1.34USD g Phenylephrine 10% eye drops 1.25USD ml Phenylephrine-ns 0.8 mg/10 ml 1.2USD ml Phenylephrine-ns 0.4 mg/10 ml 1.17USD ml Mydfrin 2.5 % Solution 1.09USD ml Neofrin 2.5% eye drops 0.6USD ml Ak-dilate 2.5% eye drops 0.45USD ml Neo-synephrine 0.25% drops 0.36USD ml Hemorrhoidal suppository 0.28USD suppository Neo-synephrine 12 hour spray 0.28USD ml Neo-synephrine 1% drops 0.26USD ml Sudafed pe 10 mg tablet 0.25USD tablet Neo-synephrine 0.5% drops 0.23USD ml Little noses decon nose drp 0.22USD ml Wal-phed pe 10 mg tablet 0.22USD tablet Tur-bi-kal nose drops 0.21USD ml Industrial 0.12% eye drops 0.17USD ml Ephrine 1% nose drops 0.15USD ml Phenylephrine 10 mg tablet 0.08USD tablet Rhinall 0.25% nose drops 0.07USD ml Non-pseudo sinus decongest tablet 0.05USD tablet Pv nasal decongestant 5 mg tablet 0.03USD tablet DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US8173707 Yes 2012-05-08 2024-01-30 US US9278101 Yes 2016-03-08 2024-01-30 US US8586633 Yes 2013-11-19 2024-01-30 US US9066856 Yes 2015-06-30 2034-04-23 US US8859623 No 2014-10-14 2033-11-14 US US9399040 Yes 2016-07-26 2024-01-30 US US9486406 Yes 2016-11-08 2034-04-23 US US9855246 No 2018-01-02 2033-10-23 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 140-145 °C Not Available water solubility Freely soluble in water Not Available logP -0.31 HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995) pKa 8.97 SANGSTER (1994) - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 22.0 mg/mL ALOGPS logP -0.69 ALOGPS logP -0.07 Chemaxon logS -0.88 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 9.07 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 9.69 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 52.49 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 3 Chemaxon Refractivity 47.25 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 18.2 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 1 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9943 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9115 Caco-2 permeable - 0.7294 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.5308 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.9527 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.9109 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.856 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7882 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7756 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6946 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9046 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9646 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.923 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9088 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.858 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.9594 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.9133 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.8841 Biodegradation Ready biodegradable 0.7647 Rat acute toxicity 2.6480 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Strong inhibitor 0.5164 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8717
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (8.12 KB)
- Spectra
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
- Gene Name
- ADRA1A
- Uniprot ID
- P35348
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 51486.005 Da
References
- Martinez-Salas SG, Campos-Peralta JM, Pares-Hipolito J, Gallardo-Ortiz IA, Ibarra M, Villalobos-Molina R: Alpha1A-adrenoceptors predominate in the control of blood pressure in mouse mesenteric vascular bed. Auton Autacoid Pharmacol. 2007 Jul;27(3):137-42. [Article]
- Tomiyama Y, Kobayashi K, Tadachi M, Kobayashi S, Inada Y, Kobayashi M, Yamazaki Y: Expressions and mechanical functions of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in hamster ureter. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Nov 14;573(1-3):201-5. Epub 2007 Jul 6. [Article]
- Hein, L. (2004). alpha-Adrenergic system. In Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology (pp. 27-30). Berlin: Springer. [ISBN:9783540298328]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Solution for Intravenous Injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Ophthalmic Solution [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Intravenous Injection (Ready to Use) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Protein heterodimerization activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
- Gene Name
- ADRA1B
- Uniprot ID
- P35368
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 56835.375 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Hein, L. (2004). alpha-Adrenergic system. In Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology (pp. 27-30). Berlin: Springer. [ISBN:9783540298328]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Solution for Intravenous Injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Ophthalmic Solution [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Intravenous Injection (Ready to Use) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
- Specific Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium.
- Gene Name
- ADRA1D
- Uniprot ID
- P25100
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 60462.205 Da
References
- Hein, L. (2004). alpha-Adrenergic system. In Encyclopedic reference of molecular pharmacology (pp. 27-30). Berlin: Springer. [ISBN:9783540298328]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Solution for Intravenous Injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Ophthalmic Solution [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Intravenous Injection (Ready to Use) [Link]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Serotonin binding
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
- Gene Name
- MAOA
- Uniprot ID
- P21397
- Uniprot Name
- Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A
- Molecular Weight
- 59681.27 Da
References
- Raffel DM, Corbett JR, del Rosario RB, Gildersleeve DL, Chiao PC, Schwaiger M, Wieland DM: Clinical evaluation of carbon-11-phenylephrine: MAO-sensitive marker of cardiac sympathetic neurons. J Nucl Med. 1996 Dec;37(12):1923-31. [Article]
- Raffel DM, Corbett JR, del Rosario RB, Mukhopadhyay SK, Gildersleeve DL, Rose P, Wieland DM: Sensitivity of [11C]phenylephrine kinetics to monoamine oxidase activity in normal human heart. J Nucl Med. 1999 Feb;40(2):232-8. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Solution for Intravenous Injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Intravenous Injection (Ready to Use) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Primary amine oxidase activity
- Specific Function
- Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral...
- Gene Name
- MAOB
- Uniprot ID
- P27338
- Uniprot Name
- Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B
- Molecular Weight
- 58762.475 Da
References
- Gelotte CK, Zimmerman BA: Pharmacokinetics, safety, and cardiovascular tolerability of phenylephrine HCl 10, 20, and 30 mg after a single oral administration in healthy volunteers. Clin Drug Investig. 2015 Sep;35(9):547-58. doi: 10.1007/s40261-015-0311-9. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Solution for Intravenous Injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Phenylephrine Intravenous Injection (Ready to Use) [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of phenolic monoamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) and phenolic and catechol drugs.
- Specific Function
- Amine sulfotransferase activity
- Gene Name
- SULT1A3
- Uniprot ID
- P0DMM9
- Uniprot Name
- Sulfotransferase 1A3
- Molecular Weight
- 34195.96 Da
References
- Bairam AF, Rasool MI, Alherz FA, Abunnaja MS, El Daibani AA, Gohal SA, Alatwi ES, Kurogi K, Liu MC: Impact of SULT1A3/SULT1A4 genetic polymorphisms on the sulfation of phenylephrine and salbutamol by human SULT1A3 allozymes. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2019 Jul;29(5):99-105. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0000000000000371. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
- Specific Function
- Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
- Gene Name
- CYP1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P05177
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 58293.76 Da
References
- Konstandi M, Kostakis D, Harkitis P, Johnson EO, Marselos M, Adamidis K, Lang MA: Benzo(alpha)pyrene-induced up-regulation of CYP1A2 gene expression: role of adrenoceptor-linked signaling pathways. Life Sci. 2006 Jun 20;79(4):331-41. Epub 2006 Feb 28. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 24, 2023 20:20