The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.
Article Details
- CitationCopy to clipboard
Blattner FR, Plunkett G 3rd, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y
The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12.
Science. 1997 Sep 5;277(5331):1453-62.
- PubMed ID
- 9278503 [ View in PubMed]
- Abstract
The 4,639,221-base pair sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 is presented. Of 4288 protein-coding genes annotated, 38 percent have no attributed function. Comparison with five other sequenced microbes reveals ubiquitous as well as narrowly distributed gene families; many families of similar genes within E. coli are also evident. The largest family of paralogous proteins contains 80 ABC transporters. The genome as a whole is strikingly organized with respect to the local direction of replication; guanines, oligonucleotides possibly related to replication and recombination, and most genes are so oriented. The genome also contains insertion sequence (IS) elements, phage remnants, and many other patches of unusual composition indicating genome plasticity through horizontal transfer.
DrugBank Data that Cites this Article
- Polypeptides
Name UniProt ID 30S ribosomal protein S4 P0A7V8 Details Malate dehydrogenase P61889 Details D-lactate dehydrogenase P06149 Details Evolved beta-galactosidase subunit alpha P06864 Details Bifunctional protein FolC P08192 Details 30S ribosomal protein S9 P0A7X3 Details 30S ribosomal protein S10 P0A7R5 Details DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta P0A8V2 Details 30S ribosomal protein S12 P0A7S3 Details Glutathione reductase P06715 Details DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha P0A7Z4 Details UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase P0A749 Details Penicillin-binding protein 1B P02919 Details DNA polymerase I P00582 Details Fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit P00363 Details 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3 P0A6R0 Details Penicillin-binding protein 1A P02918 Details Aminodeoxychorismate synthase component 1 P05041 Details Oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase P17117 Details D-alanine--D-alanine ligase A P0A6J8 Details D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB P24228 Details Pyruvate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] P07003 Details DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A P0AFI2 Details DNA gyrase subunit B P0AES6 Details 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 2 P0AAI5 Details 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 1 P0A953 Details Dihydropteroate synthase P0AC13 Details [Citrate [pro-3S]-lyase] ligase P77390 Details Malate synthase G P37330 Details Aspartate aminotransferase P00509 Details Primary amine oxidase P46883 Details Uridine phosphorylase P12758 Details ATP phosphoribosyltransferase P60757 Details Dephospho-CoA kinase P0A6I9 Details Adenylate kinase P69441 Details Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] P08200 Details 3-keto-L-gulonate-6-phosphate decarboxylase UlaD P39304 Details UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine--D-glutamate ligase P14900 Details 2-methylisocitrate lyase P77541 Details ATP-dependent dethiobiotin synthetase BioD 1 P13000 Details 2,3-diketo-L-gulonate reductase P37672 Details Pantothenate kinase P0A6I3 Details ADP-L-glycero-D-manno-heptose-6-epimerase P67910 Details Signal peptidase I P00803 Details Ferrichrome-iron receptor P06971 Details Putrescine-binding periplasmic protein P31133 Details NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase P18843 Details Alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase [UDP-forming] P31677 Details Ammonia channel P69681 Details L-asparaginase 2 P00805 Details Beta-lactamase P00811 Details Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase P06968 Details Putative hydroxypyruvate isomerase YgbM Q46891 Details Iron(3+)-hydroxamate-binding protein FhuD P07822 Details 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase P0A6D3 Details Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent taurine dioxygenase P37610 Details Histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase P06986 Details Galactoside O-acetyltransferase P07464 Details Isopentenyl-diphosphate Delta-isomerase Q46822 Details Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase P09148 Details Beta-galactosidase P00722 Details Glutamine--fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase [isomerizing] P17169 Details UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase P27828 Details Thermoresistant gluconokinase P46859 Details Thymidylate synthase P0A884 Details Adenylosuccinate synthetase P0A7D4 Details Formate dehydrogenase H P07658 Details 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyldihydropteridine pyrophosphokinase P26281 Details Dihydroorotase P05020 Details UDP-N-acetylglucosamine--N-acetylmuramyl-(pentapeptide) pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenol N-acetylglucosamine transferase P17443 Details Pyridoxamine kinase P77150 Details Vitamin B12 transporter BtuB P06129 Details Peptide deformylase P0A6K3 Details Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase P08179 Details Vitamin B12-binding protein P37028 Details Deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase P28248 Details Chorismate pyruvate-lyase P26602 Details 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase GabT P22256 Details Cysteine desulfurase P77444 Details Farnesyl diphosphate synthase P22939 Details Adenosylmethionine-8-amino-7-oxononanoate aminotransferase P12995 Details 8-oxo-dGTP diphosphatase P08337 Details Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) P0A7E1 Details Methionine--tRNA ligase P00959 Details UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate--2,6-diaminopimelate ligase P22188 Details Pyridoxine 5'-phosphate synthase P0A794 Details Alcohol dehydrogenase YqhD Q46856 Details Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2 P33221 Details Purine nucleoside phosphorylase 2 P45563 Details Tryptophan biosynthesis protein TrpCF P00909 Details DNA mismatch repair protein MutL P23367 Details Outer membrane protein F P02931 Details 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase P45568 Details Membrane-bound lytic murein transglycosylase B P41052 Details 4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase P19624 Details Gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase P77674 Details Acetylglutamate kinase P0A6C8 Details ATP-dependent DNA helicase RecQ P15043 Details Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase P52045 Details Protein YceI P0A8X2 Details Cytidylate kinase P0A6I0 Details Allantoate amidohydrolase P77425 Details Glycerol kinase P0A6F3 Details Long-chain fatty acid transport protein P10384 Details Methionine synthase P13009 Details Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase P38489 Details Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase P0A759 Details Pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] methyl ester esterase P13001 Details Tautomerase PptA P31992 Details Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase P15034 Details DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase 1 P05100 Details HTH-type transcriptional regulator MalT P06993 Details 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase Q46893 Details Sugar phosphatase YbiV P75792 Details D-allose-binding periplasmic protein P39265 Details L-carnitine CoA-transferase P31572 Details Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase P08244 Details L-arabinose-binding periplasmic protein P02924 Details Molybdenum cofactor guanylyltransferase P32173 Details Maltodextrin phosphorylase P00490 Details Glucose-1-phosphatase P19926 Details UDP-galactopyranose mutase P37747 Details Biotin synthase P12996 Details Glutamate--cysteine ligase P0A6W9 Details Formate acetyltransferase 1 P09373 Details 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate hydroxymethyltransferase P31057 Details Histidinol dehydrogenase P06988 Details Argininosuccinate synthase P0A6E4 Details GDP-mannose mannosyl hydrolase P32056 Details Porphobilinogen deaminase P06983 Details Bifunctional protein PutA P09546 Details Bifunctional polymyxin resistance protein ArnA P77398 Details 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase P12998 Details Histidine--tRNA ligase P60906 Details Deoxyribose-phosphate aldolase P0A6L0 Details Isoaspartyl dipeptidase P39377 Details N,N'-diacetylchitobiose-specific phosphotransferase enzyme IIB component P69795 Details Multidrug efflux pump subunit AcrB P31224 Details Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase P00864 Details Diaminopimelate decarboxylase P00861 Details Cytosine deaminase P25524 Details Fe(3+) dicitrate transport protein FecA P13036 Details HTH-type transcriptional regulator TreR P36673 Details N-succinylarginine dihydrolase P76216 Details Ornithine carbamoyltransferase chain I P04391 Details Rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase P32169 Details L-rhamnose isomerase P32170 Details Alkaline phosphatase P00634 Details Sulfite reductase [NADPH] hemoprotein beta-component P17846 Details UDP-glucose 4-epimerase P09147 Details GDP-L-fucose synthase P32055 Details Fumarate hydratase class II P05042 Details Alpha-xylosidase P31434 Details Shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) P15770 Details Outer membrane protein TolC P02930 Details Lactose permease P02920 Details Ribose import binding protein RbsB P02925 Details DNA topoisomerase 1 P06612 Details Aconitate hydratase B P36683 Details 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [NADPH] P42593 Details Lipid A palmitoyltransferase PagP P37001 Details 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase P04036 Details Divalent-cation tolerance protein CutA P69488 Details Thymidine phosphorylase P07650 Details Maltose-binding periplasmic protein P0AEX9 Details Ribokinase P0A9J6 Details 7-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase P0AET8 Details Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase P0ACB2 Details Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component P0AFG8 Details Phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase, Phe-sensitive P0AB91 Details Penicillin-insensitive murein endopeptidase P0C0T5 Details Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH] FabI P0AEK4 Details 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase P0AF12 Details Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase P0A9M5 Details Dihydrofolate reductase P0ABQ4 Details Purine nucleoside phosphorylase DeoD-type P0ABP8 Details Methionine aminopeptidase P0AE18 Details cAMP-activated global transcriptional regulator CRP P0ACJ8 Details Acyl-CoA thioesterase I P0ADA1 Details Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase P0AB80 Details Class B acid phosphatase P0AE22 Details Soluble lytic murein transglycosylase P0AGC3 Details Coenzyme A biosynthesis bifunctional protein CoaBC P0ABQ0 Details Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase class 2 P0AB71 Details Phosphate-binding protein PstS P0AG82 Details Chemotaxis protein CheY P0AE67 Details Bifunctional protein GlmU P0ACC7 Details AMP nucleosidase P0AE12 Details Cytochrome c-552 P0ABK9 Details ATP synthase subunit b P0ABA0 Details Tyrosine--tRNA ligase P0AGJ9 Details Spermidine/putrescine-binding periplasmic protein P0AFK9 Details L-fuculose phosphate aldolase P0AB87 Details Ribosomal small subunit pseudouridine synthase A P0AA43 Details Cytidine deaminase P0ABF6 Details Glucarate dehydratase P0AES2 Details Glycerol uptake facilitator protein P0AER0 Details Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2 P0AGG2 Details Arabinose operon regulatory protein P0A9E0 Details Single-stranded DNA-binding protein P0AGE0 Details Phospholipase A1 P0A921 Details Amidophosphoribosyltransferase P0AG16 Details Outer membrane protein A P0A910 Details Glycine betaine-binding periplasmic protein P0AFM2 Details Hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes activator P0ACQ4 Details Outer membrane protein X P0A917 Details 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase P0AB77 Details Release factor glutamine methyltransferase P0ACC1 Details Lactaldehyde reductase P0A9S1 Details D-tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase subunit KbaY P0AB74 Details Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A P0A9B2 Details D-galactose-binding periplasmic protein P0AEE5 Details Nucleoside-specific channel-forming protein tsx P0A927 Details Glutathione S-transferase GstA P0A9D2 Details D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacA P0AEB2 Details 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase P0AEZ1 Details Pyridoxine/pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase P0AFI7 Details Thioredoxin reductase P0A9P4 Details 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase FabG P0AEK2 Details Lipoprotein NlpI P0AFB1 Details Thiol:disulfide interchange protein DsbC P0AEG6 Details 2-iminobutanoate/2-iminopropanoate deaminase P0AF93 Details KHG/KDPG aldolase P0A955 Details Aspartate ammonia-lyase P0AC38 Details Osmolarity sensor protein EnvZ P0AEJ4 Details Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase P0A9M2 Details Probable pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase P52647 Details Peptidoglycan synthase FtsI P0AD68 Details DNA polymerase III subunit epsilon P03007 Details GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] P04079 Details Lactose operon repressor P03023 Details FMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase P41407 Details Probable phosphatase YcdX P75914 Details Glutaminase 1 P77454 Details Molybdopterin synthase catalytic subunit P30749 Details ADP compounds hydrolase NudE P45799 Details o-succinylbenzoate synthase P29208 Details Glucokinase P0A6V8 Details Adenine DNA glycosylase P17802 Details Laccase domain protein YfiH P33644 Details Putative mannosyl-3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase P76329 Details 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase P31142 Details DNA polymerase III subunit tau P06710 Details Flavohemoprotein P24232 Details Ecotin P23827 Details Sulfite reductase [NADPH] flavoprotein alpha-component P38038 Details Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase P00914 Details L-aspartate oxidase P10902 Details UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase P08373 Details Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit F P35340 Details Ferredoxin--NADP reductase P28861 Details Protein UshA P07024 Details Flavodoxin-1 P61949 Details Oxidoreductase YdhF P76187 Details Glutamate decarboxylase alpha P69908 Details Aminodeoxychorismate lyase P28305 Details 33 kDa chaperonin P0A6Y5 Details Free methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase P76270 Details O-acetyl-ADP-ribose deacetylase P0A8D6 Details Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 1 subunit beta P69924 Details Cystathionine gamma-synthase P00935 Details Maltoporin P02943 Details RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase P46849 Details Transketolase 1 P27302 Details Sensor protein PhoQ P23837 Details DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B P20083 Details Potassium-transporting ATPase ATP-binding subunit P03960 Details Riboflavin synthase P0AFU8 Details Aspartate carbamoyltransferase catalytic subunit P0A786 Details Succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit P0AC41 Details Bifunctional ligase/repressor BirA P06709 Details Ditrans,polycis-undecaprenyl-diphosphate synthase ((2E,6E)-farnesyl-diphosphate specific) P60472 Details Penicillin-binding protein 2 P0AD65 Details 50S ribosomal protein L4 P60723 Details D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacC P08506 Details DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' P0A8T7 Details 30S ribosomal protein S14 P0AG59 Details 30S ribosomal protein S13 P0A7S9 Details 30S ribosomal protein S19 P0A7U3 Details Penicillin-binding protein 1C P76577 Details DNA polymerase III subunit beta P0A988 Details Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 alpha chain P09152 Details Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 beta chain P11349 Details Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 gamma chain P11350 Details Aquaporin Z P60844 Details Succinate dehydrogenase iron-sulfur subunit P07014 Details Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b556 subunit P69054 Details Succinate dehydrogenase hydrophobic membrane anchor subunit P0AC44 Details Rhomboid protease GlpG P09391 Details Outer membrane protein G P76045 Details Fumarate reductase iron-sulfur subunit P0AC47 Details Fumarate reductase subunit C P0A8Q0 Details Fumarate reductase subunit D P0A8Q3 Details Outer membrane protein W P0A915 Details Cell division protein ZipA P77173 Details ATP-dependent Clp protease proteolytic subunit P0A6G7 Details 3-hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase P0A6Q3 Details Protein TonB P02929 Details Ribosome-recycling factor P0A805 Details 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase P62623 Details tRNA dimethylallyltransferase P16384 Details Lactaldehyde dehydrogenase P25553 Details Methionyl-tRNA formyltransferase P23882 Details Probable L-ascorbate-6-phosphate lactonase UlaG P39300 Details 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase P62617 Details Formate dehydrogenase, nitrate-inducible, major subunit P24183 Details Formate dehydrogenase, nitrate-inducible, iron-sulfur subunit P0AAJ3 Details Formate dehydrogenase, nitrate-inducible, cytochrome b556(Fdn) subunit P0AEK7 Details Regulatory protein SdiA P07026 Details Acyl carrier protein P0A6A8 Details Biotin carboxylase P24182 Details Colicin I receptor P17315 Details Probable N-acetylneuraminic acid outer membrane channel protein NanC P69856 Details Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A P0AFL3 Details Fatty acid metabolism regulator protein P0A8V6 Details Outer-membrane lipoprotein LolB P61320 Details Leucyl/phenylalanyl-tRNA--protein transferase P0A8P1 Details Aminopeptidase N P04825 Details P-protein P0A9J8 Details Nickel-binding periplasmic protein P33590 Details Thiol:disulfide interchange protein DsbA P0AEG4 Details Disulfide bond formation protein B P0A6M2 Details D-alanyl-D-alanine endopeptidase P0AFI5 Details 50S ribosomal protein L16 P0ADY7 Details 30S ribosomal protein S3 P0A7V3 Details 30S ribosomal protein S8 P0A7W7 Details 30S ribosomal protein S7 P02359 Details DNA gyrase subunit A P0AES4 Details Medium-chain fatty-acid--CoA ligase P38135 Details Catecholate siderophore receptor Fiu P75780 Details Outer membrane porin C P06996 Details ATP-dependent DNA helicase DinG P27296 Details DNA polymerase IV Q47155 Details UvrABC system protein A P0A698 Details Inner membrane protein YdjM P64481 Details Cold shock protein CspA P0A9X9 Details Protein RecA P0A7G6 Details