Haloperidol

Identification

Summary

Haloperidol is an antipsychotic agent used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses, as well as symptoms of agitation, irritability, and delirium.

Brand Names
Haldol
Generic Name
Haloperidol
DrugBank Accession Number
DB00502
Background

Haloperidol is a high potency first-generation (typical) antipsychotic and one of the most frequently used antipsychotic medications used worldwide.7 While haloperidol has demonstrated pharmacologic activity at a number of receptors in the brain,10 it exerts its antipsychotic effect through its strong antagonism of the dopamine receptor (mainly D2), particularly within the mesolimbic and mesocortical systems of the brain. Haloperidol is indicated for the treatment of the manifestations of several psychotic disorders including schizophrenia, acute psychosis, Tourette syndrome, and other severe behavioural states.16 It is also used off-label for the management of chorea associated with Huntington's disease and for the treatment of intractable hiccups as it is a potent antiemetic. Dopamine-antagonizing medications such as haloperidol are though to improve psychotic symptoms and states that are caused by an over-production of dopamine, such as schizophrenia, which is theorized to be caused by a hyperdopaminergic state within the limbic system of the brain.9

Use of the first-generation antipsychotics (including haloperidol) is considered highly effective for the management of the "positive" symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, hearing voices, aggression/hostility, disorganized speech, and psychomotor agitation. However, this class of drugs is also limited by the development of movement disorders induced by dopamine-blockade such as drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, as well as other side effects including sedation, weight gain, and prolactin changes. While there are limited high-quality studies comparing haloperidol to lower-potency first-generation antipsychotics such as Chlorpromazine, Zuclopenthixol, Fluphenazine, and Methotrimeprazine, haloperidol typically demonstrates the least amount of side effects within this class, but demonstrates a stronger disposition for causing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).6,7,8 These other low‐potency antipsychotics are limited by their lower affinity for dopamine receptors, which requires a higher dose to effectively treat symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, they block many receptors other than the primary target (dopamine receptors), such as cholinergic or histaminergic receptors, resulting in a higher incidence of side effects such as sedation, weight gain, and hypotension.

Interestingly, in vivo pharmacogenetic studies have demonstrated that the metabolism of haloperidol may be modulated by genetically determined polymorphic CYP2D6 activity. However, these findings contradict the findings from studies in vitro with human liver microsomes and from drug interaction studies in vivo. Inter-ethnic and pharmacogenetic differences in haloperidol metabolism may possibly explain these observations.3

First-generation antipsychotic drugs have largely been replaced with second- and third-generation (atypical) antipsychotics such as Risperidone, Olanzapine, Clozapine, Quetiapine, Aripiprazole, and Ziprasidone. However, haloperidol use remains widespread and is considered the benchmark for comparison in trials of the newer generation antipsychotics.8

The efficacy of haloperidol was first established in controlled trials in the 1960s.5

Type
Small Molecule
Groups
Approved
Structure
Weight
Average: 375.864
Monoisotopic: 375.140134897
Chemical Formula
C21H23ClFNO2
Synonyms
  • 1-(3-p-fluorobenzoylpropyl)-4-p-chlorophenyl-4-hydroxypiperidine
  • 4-(4-(para-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidino)-4'-fluorobutyrophenone
  • 4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-1-piperidyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-butan-1-one
  • 4'-fluoro-4-(4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidinyl)butyrophenone
  • 4'-fluoro-4-(4-hydroxy-4-(4'-chlorophenyl)piperidino)butyrophenone
  • Haloperidol
  • Haloperidolum
  • γ-(4-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxpiperidino)-p-fluorbutyrophenone
External IDs
  • MCN-JR-1625
  • NSC-170973
  • NSC-615296
  • R-1625

Pharmacology

Indication

Haloperidol is indicated for a number of conditions including for the treatment of schizophrenia, for the manifestations of psychotic disorders, for the control of tics and vocal utterances of Tourette’s Disorder in children and adults, for treatment of severe behavior problems in children of combative, explosive hyperexcitability (which cannot be accounted for by immediate provocation). Haloperidol is also indicated in the short-term treatment of hyperactive children who show excessive motor activity with accompanying conduct disorders consisting of some or all of the following symptoms: impulsivity, difficulty sustaining attention, aggressivity, mood lability, and poor frustration tolerance. Haloperidol should be reserved for these two groups of children only after failure to respond to psychotherapy or medications other than antipsychotics.16

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Associated Conditions
Indication TypeIndicationCombined Product DetailsApproval LevelAge GroupPatient CharacteristicsDose Form
Management ofAggression••• •••••
Management ofDelirium••• •••••
Treatment ofHuntington's chorea••• •••••
Treatment ofNausea and vomiting••• ••••••••••••••• ••••
Management ofObsessive compulsive disorder••• •••••
Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
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Pharmacodynamics

Use of the first-generation antipsychotics (including haloperidol) is considered highly effective for the management of the "positive" symptoms of schizophrenia including hallucinations, hearing voices, aggression/hostility, disorganized speech, and psychomotor agitation. However, this class is limited by the development of movement disorders such as drug-induced parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia, and tardive dyskinesia, and other side effects including sedation, weight gain, and prolactin changes. Compared to the lower-potency first-generation antipsychotics such as Chlorpromazine, Zuclopenthixol, Fluphenazine, and Methotrimeprazine, haloperidol typically demonstrates the least amount of side effects within class, but demonstrates a stronger disposition for causing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).6,7,8 Low‐potency medications have a lower affinity for dopamine receptors so that a higher dose is required to effectively treat symptoms of schizophrenia. In addition, they block many receptors other than the primary target (dopamine receptors), such as cholinergic or histaminergic receptors, resulting in a higher incidence of side effects such as sedation, weight gain, and hypotension.

The balance between the wanted drug effects on psychotic symptoms and unwanted side effects are largely at play within dopaminergic brain pathways affected by haloperidol. Cortical dopamine-D2-pathways play an important role in regulating these effects and include the nigrostriatal pathway, which is responsible for causing extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways, which are responsible for the improvement in positive schizophrenic symptoms, and the tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway, which is responsible for hyperprolactinemia.

A syndrome consisting of potentially irreversible, involuntary, dyskinetic movements may develop in patients. Although the prevalence of the syndrome appears to be highest among the elderly, especially elderly women, it is impossible to rely upon prevalence estimates to predict, at the inception of antipsychotic treatment, which patients are likely to develop the syndrome.16

Cases of sudden death, QT-prolongation, and Torsades de Pointes have been reported in patients receiving haloperidol. Higher than recommended doses of any formulation and intravenous administration of haloperidol appear to be associated with a higher risk of QT-prolongation and Torsades de Pointes. Although cases have been reported even in the absence of predisposing factors, particular caution is advised in treating patients with other QT-prolonging conditions (including electrolyte imbalance [particularly hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia], drugs known to prolong QT, underlying cardiac abnormalities, hypothyroidism, and familial long QT-syndrome).16

A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) has been reported in association with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status (including catatonic signs) and evidence of autonomic instability (irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and cardiac dysrhythmias). Additional signs may include elevated creatine phosphokinase, myoglobinuria (rhabdomyolysis) and acute renal failure.16

Mechanism of action

While haloperidol has demonstrated pharmacologic activity at a number of receptors in the brain, it exerts its antipsychotic effect through its strong antagonism of the dopamine receptor (mainly D2), particularly within the mesolimbic and mesocortical systems of the brain. Schizophrenia is theorized to be caused by a hyperdopaminergic state within the limbic system of the brain.9 Dopamine-antagonizing medications such as haloperidol, therefore, are thought to improve psychotic symptoms by halting this over-production of dopamine. The optimal clinical efficacy of antipsychotics is associated with the blockade of approximately 60 % - 80 % of D2 receptors in the brain.9

While the exact mechanism is not entirely understood, haloperidol is known to inhibit the effects of dopamine and increase its turnover. Traditional antipsychotics, such as haloperidol, bind more tightly than dopamine itself to the dopamine D2 receptor, with dissociation constants that are lower than that for dopamine.4 It is believed that haloperidol competitively blocks post-synaptic dopamine (D2) receptors in the brain, eliminating dopamine neurotransmission and leading to the relief of delusions and hallucinations that are commonly associated with psychosis. It acts primarily on the D2-receptors and has some effect on 5-HT2 and α1-receptors, with negligible effects on dopamine D1-receptors. The drug also exerts some blockade of α-adrenergic receptors of the autonomic system.13

Antagonistic activity regulated through dopamine D2 receptors in the chemoreceptive trigger zone (CTZ) of the brain renders its antiemetic activity. Of the three D2-like receptors, only the D2 receptor is blocked by antipsychotic drugs in direct relation to their clinical antipsychotic abilities.

Clinical brain-imaging findings show that haloperidol remains tightly bound to D2 dopamine receptors in humans undergoing 2 positron emission tomography (PET) scans with a 24h pause in between scans.4 A common adverse effect of this drug is the development of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), due to this tight binding of haloperidol to the dopamine D2 receptor.

Due to the risk of unpleasant and sometimes lifelong extrapyramidal symptoms, newer antipsychotic medications than haloperidol have been discovered and formulated. Rapid dissociation of drugs from dopamine D2 receptors is a plausible explanation for the improved EPS profile of atypical antipsychotics such as Risperidone. This is also consistent with the theory of a lower affinity for D2 receptors for these drugs. As mentioned above, haloperidol binds tightly to the dopamine receptor, potentiating the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms,4 and therefore should only been used when necessary.

TargetActionsOrganism
A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2CNot AvailableHumans
ADopamine D2 receptor
antagonist
Humans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
other/unknown
Humans
UDopamine D3 receptor
inverse agonist
Humans
UMelanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1Not AvailableHumans
USynaptic vesicular amine transporterNot AvailableHumans
USigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1Not AvailableHumans
UHistamine H1 receptorNot AvailableHumans
UMuscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3Not AvailableHumans
UAlpha-1A adrenergic receptorNot AvailableHumans
UAlpha-2A adrenergic receptorNot AvailableHumans
UAlpha-2B adrenergic receptorNot AvailableHumans
UAlpha-2C adrenergic receptorNot AvailableHumans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1ANot AvailableHumans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6Not AvailableHumans
U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7Not AvailableHumans
UGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
antagonist
Humans
UDopamine D1 receptor
antagonist
Humans
Absorption

Haloperidol is a highly lipophilic compound and is extensively metabolized in humans, which may cause a large interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetics.3

Studies have found a wide variance in pharmacokinetic values for orally administered haloperidol with 1.7-6.1 hours reported for time to peak plasma concentration (tmax), 14.5-36.7 hours reported for half-life (t1⁄2), and 43.73 μg/L•h [range 14.89-120.96 μg/L•h] reported for AUC.3 Haloperidol is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when ingested orally, however, the first-pass hepatic metabolism decreases its oral bioavailability to 40 - 75%.

After intramuscular administration, the time to peak plasma concentration (tmax) is 20 minutes in healthy individuals or 33.8 minutes in patients with schizophrenia, with a mean half-life of 20.7 hours.3 Bioavailability following intramuscular administration is higher than that for oral administration.

Administration of haloperidol decanoate (the depot form of haloperidol for long-term treatment) in sesame oil results in slow release of the drug for long-term effects. The plasma concentrations of haloperidol gradually rise, reaching its peak concentration at about 6 days after the injection, with an apparent half-life of about 21 days. Steady-state plasma concentrations are achieved after the third or fourth dose.16

Volume of distribution

The apparent volume of distribution was found to range from 9.5-21.7 L/kg.3 This high volume of distribution is in accordance with its lipophilicity, which also suggests free movement through various tissues including the blood-brain barrier.

Protein binding

Studies have found that free fraction of haloperidol in human plasma is 7.5-11.6%. This was found to be comparable among healthy adults, young adults, elderly patients with schizophrenia, and even in patients with liver cirrhosis.3

Metabolism

Haloperidol is extensively metabolised in the liver with only about 1% of the administered dose excreted unchanged in urine.3

In humans, haloperidol is biotransformed to various metabolites, including p-fluorobenzoylpropionic acid, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidine, reduced haloperidol, pyridinium metabolites, and haloperidol glucuronide. In psychiatric patients treated regularly with haloperidol, the concentration of haloperidol glucuronide in plasma is the highest among the metabolites, followed, in rank order, by unchanged haloperidol, reduced haloperidol and reduced haloperidol glucuronide.

The drug is thought to be metabolized primarily by oxidative N-dealkylation of the piperidine nitrogen to form fluorophenylcarbonic acids and piperidine metabolites (which appear to be inactive), and by reduction of the butyrophenone carbonyl to the carbinol, forming hydroxyhaloperidol.

The enzymes involved in the biotransformation of haloperidol include cytochrome P450 (CYP) including CYP3A4 and CYP2D6, carbonyl reductase and uridine di-phosphoglucose glucuronosyltransferase enzymes. The greatest proportion of the intrinsic hepatic clearance of haloperidol is performed by glucuronidation and followed by the reduction of haloperidol to reduced haloperidol and by CYP-mediated oxidation.

In studies of cytochrome-mediated disposition in vitro, CYP3A4 appears to be the major isoform of the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of haloperidol in humans. The intrinsic clearance of the back-oxidation of reduced haloperidol to the parent compound, oxidative N-dealkylation and pyridinium formation are of the same order of magnitude. This suggests that the same enzyme system is responsible for the above three metabolic reactions.

In vivo human studies on haloperidol metabolism have shown that the glucuronidation of haloperidol accounts for 50 to 60% of haloperidol biotransformation and that approximately 23% of the biotransformation was accounted for by the reduction pathway. The remaining 20 to 30% ofthe biotransformation of haloperidol would be via N-dealkylation and pyridinium formation.3

Hover over products below to view reaction partners

Route of elimination

In radiolabeling studies, approximately 30% of the radioactivity is excreted in the urine following a single oral administration of 14C-labelled haloperidol, while 18% is excreted in the urine as haloperidol glucuronide, demonstrating that haloperidol glucuronide is a major metabolite in the urine as well as in plasma in humans.3

Half-life

Following oral administration, the half-life was found to be 14.5-36.7 hours. Following intramuscular injection, mean half-life was found to be 20.7 hours.3

Clearance

Following intravenous administration, the plasma or serum clearance (CL) was found to be 0.39-0.708 L/h/kg (6.5 to 11.8 ml/min/kg). Following oral administration, clearance was found to be 141.65 L/h (range 41.34 to 335.80 L/h).3

Haloperidol clearance after extravascular administration ranges from 0.9-1.5 l/h/kg, however this rate is reduced in poor metabolizers of CYP2D6 enzyme. Reduced CYP2D6 enzyme activity may result in increased concentrations of haloperidol. The inter-subject variability (coefficient of variation, %) in haloperidol clearance was estimated to be 44% in a population pharmacokinetic analysis in patients with schizophrenia 14.

Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 has been demonstrated to be an important source of inter-patient variability in the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and may affect therapeutic response and incidence of adverse effects.3

Adverse Effects
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Toxicity

Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 71 mg/kg in rats MSDS.

Pathways
Not Available
Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
Not Available

Interactions

Drug Interactions
This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
DrugInteraction
1,2-BenzodiazepineThe risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Haloperidol is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine.
AbacavirHaloperidol may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level.
AbametapirThe serum concentration of Haloperidol can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir.
AbataceptThe metabolism of Haloperidol can be increased when combined with Abatacept.
AbemaciclibThe serum concentration of Haloperidol can be increased when it is combined with Abemaciclib.
Food Interactions
  • Avoid alcohol. Alcohol may potential hypotension and CNS adverse effects.

Products

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Product Ingredients
IngredientUNIICASInChI Key
Haloperidol decanoateAC20PJ410174050-97-8GUTXTARXLVFHDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Haloperidol lactate6387S86PK353515-91-6BVUSNQJCSYDJJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Product Images
International/Other Brands
Aloperidin (Janssen-Cilag) / Bioperidolo (Firma) / Brotopon (Pfizer) / Dozic (Rosemont) / Duraperidol / Einalon S / Eukystol (Merckle) / Halosten (Shionogi Seiyaku) / Keselan (Sumitomo) / Linton (Tanabe Mitsubishi Pharma) / Peluces (lsei) / Serenace (Pfizer) / Sigaperidol (Siegfried)
Brand Name Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
HaldolInjection5 mg/1mLIntramuscularJanssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.1971-05-182050-08-02US flag
HaldolInjection, solution5 mg/1mLIntramuscularMcNeil Pharmaceuticals1971-05-182011-07-31US flag
Haldol DecanoateInjection50 mg/1mLIntramuscularJanssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.1986-01-14Not applicableUS flag
Haldol DecanoateInjection100 mg/1mLIntramuscularMcNeil Pharmaceuticals1986-01-142011-05-31US flag
Haldol DecanoateInjection50 mg/1mLIntramuscularPhysicians Total Care, Inc.1986-01-142012-06-30US flag
Generic Prescription Products
NameDosageStrengthRouteLabellerMarketing StartMarketing EndRegionImage
Apo Haloperidol Tab 0.5mgTablet.5 mgOralApotex Corporation1980-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Apo Haloperidol Tab 1mgTablet1 mgOralApotex Corporation1980-12-31Not applicableCanada flag
Apo-haloperidol LA InjectableLiquid100 mg / mLIntramuscularApotex Corporation2000-06-302013-08-02Canada flag
Apo-haloperidol LA InjectableLiquid50 mg / mLIntramuscularApotex Corporation2000-06-302013-08-02Canada flag
Apo-haloperidol Liq 2mg/mlSolution2 mg / mLOralApotex Corporation1983-12-312019-05-04Canada flag

Categories

ATC Codes
N05AD01 — Haloperidol
Drug Categories
Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
Description
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alkyl-phenylketones. These are aromatic compounds containing a ketone substituted by one alkyl group, and a phenyl group.
Kingdom
Organic compounds
Super Class
Organic oxygen compounds
Class
Organooxygen compounds
Sub Class
Carbonyl compounds
Direct Parent
Alkyl-phenylketones
Alternative Parents
Phenylpiperidines / Phenylbutylamines / Butyrophenones / Aryl alkyl ketones / Benzoyl derivatives / Aralkylamines / Fluorobenzenes / Chlorobenzenes / Aryl chlorides / Aryl fluorides
show 9 more
Substituents
Alcohol / Alkyl-phenylketone / Amine / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound / Aryl alkyl ketone / Aryl chloride / Aryl fluoride / Aryl halide / Azacycle
show 23 more
Molecular Framework
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
organofluorine compound, tertiary alcohol, monochlorobenzenes, aromatic ketone, hydroxypiperidine (CHEBI:5613)
Affected organisms
  • Humans and other mammals

Chemical Identifiers

UNII
J6292F8L3D
CAS number
52-86-8
InChI Key
LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI
InChI=1S/C21H23ClFNO2/c22-18-7-5-17(6-8-18)21(26)11-14-24(15-12-21)13-1-2-20(25)16-3-9-19(23)10-4-16/h3-10,26H,1-2,11-15H2
IUPAC Name
4-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one
SMILES
OC1(CCN(CCCC(=O)C2=CC=C(F)C=C2)CC1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1

References

Synthesis Reference
US3438991
General References
  1. Niemegeers CJ, Laduron PM: Pharmacology and biochemistry of haloperidol. Proc R Soc Med. 1976;69 suppl 1:3-8. [Article]
  2. Gelders YG: Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical development of haloperidol decanoate. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1986 Jul;1 Suppl 1:1-11. [Article]
  3. Kudo S, Ishizaki T: Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol: an update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999 Dec;37(6):435-56. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199937060-00001. [Article]
  4. Seeman P: Atypical antipsychotics: mechanism of action. Can J Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;47(1):27-38. [Article]
  5. Mumtaz MM, Farooqui MY, Ghanayem BI, Rajaraman S, Frankenberg L, Ahmed AE: Studies on the mechanism of urotoxic effects of N,N'-dimethylaminopropionitrile in rats and mice. 1. Biochemical and morphologic characterization of the injury and its relationship to metabolism. J Toxicol Environ Health. 1991 May;33(1):1-17. doi: 10.1080/15287399109531501. [Article]
  6. Tardy M, Huhn M, Kissling W, Engel RR, Leucht S: Haloperidol versus low-potency first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Jul 9;(7):CD009268. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009268.pub2. [Article]
  7. Dold M, Samara MT, Li C, Tardy M, Leucht S: Haloperidol versus first-generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 16;1:CD009831. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009831.pub2. [Article]
  8. Adams CE, Bergman H, Irving CB, Lawrie S: Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Nov 15;(11):CD003082. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003082.pub3. [Article]
  9. Seeman P, Kapur S: Schizophrenia: more dopamine, more D2 receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jul 5;97(14):7673-5. [Article]
  10. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
  11. Clinical pharmacology of atypical antipsychotics: an update [Link]
  12. Mechanism of Action of Antipsychotics, Haloperidol and Olanzapine in vitro [Link]
  13. Haloperidol Overview [Link]
  14. Haldol Decanoate [Link]
  15. FDA Approved Drug Products: Haldol (haloperidol) for injection [Link]
  16. FDA Label - haloperidol [File]
  17. Health Canada Monograph - haloperidol [File]
Human Metabolome Database
HMDB0014645
KEGG Drug
D00136
KEGG Compound
C01814
PubChem Compound
3559
PubChem Substance
46508794
ChemSpider
3438
BindingDB
21398
RxNav
5093
ChEBI
5613
ChEMBL
CHEMBL54
ZINC
ZINC000000537822
Therapeutic Targets Database
DAP000313
PharmGKB
PA449841
Guide to Pharmacology
GtP Drug Page
PDBe Ligand
GMJ
RxList
RxList Drug Page
Drugs.com
Drugs.com Drug Page
Wikipedia
Haloperidol
PDB Entries
6djz / 6luq / 6x10
FDA label
Download (169 KB)
MSDS
Download (73.2 KB)

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trials
PhaseStatusPurposeConditionsCount
4Active Not RecruitingTreatmentDelirium1
4CompletedNot AvailableSchizoaffective Disorders / Schizophrenia1
4CompletedBasic SciencePsychosis / Schizophrenia1
4CompletedPreventionAnxiety / Cognitive Impairment (CI) / Delirium / Depression / Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)1
4CompletedPreventionDelirium2

Pharmacoeconomics

Manufacturers
  • Ortho mcneil pharmaceutical
  • Ortho mcneil pharmaceutical inc
  • Duramed pharmaceuticals inc sub barr laboratories inc
  • Lederle laboratories div american cyanamid co
  • Mutual pharmaceutical co inc
  • Mylan pharmaceuticals inc
  • Par pharmaceutical inc
  • Purepac pharmaceutical co
  • Quantum pharmics ltd
  • Roxane laboratories inc
  • Royce laboratories inc
  • Sandoz inc
  • Scs pharmaceuticals
  • Vintage pharmaceuticals llc
  • Watson laboratories inc
  • Zydus pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Ortho mcneil janssen pharmaceutical inc
  • App pharmaceuticals llc
  • Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
  • Claris lifesciences ltd
  • Hospira inc
  • Sandoz canada inc
  • Teva parenteral medicines inc
  • Alpharma uspd inc
  • Morton grove pharmaceuticals inc
  • Pharmaceutical assoc inc div beach products
  • Silarx pharmaceuticals inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa inc
  • Teva pharmaceuticals usa
  • Ortho mcneil janssen pharmaceuticals inc
  • Abraxis pharmaceutical products
  • Akorn strides llc
  • Gland pharma ltd
  • Marsam pharmaceuticals llc
  • Smith and nephew solopak div smith and nephew
  • Solopak medical products inc
  • Solopak laboratories inc
  • Actavis mid atlantic llc
Packagers
  • Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
  • Amerisource Health Services Corp.
  • Apotex Inc.
  • APP Pharmaceuticals
  • APPD
  • Bedford Labs
  • Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
  • Boca Pharmacal
  • Cadila Healthcare Ltd.
  • Cardinal Health
  • Coupler Enterprises Inc.
  • Dept Health Central Pharmacy
  • Direct Dispensing Inc.
  • H.J. Harkins Co. Inc.
  • Heartland Repack Services LLC
  • Innoviant Pharmacy Inc.
  • Janssen-Ortho Inc.
  • Liberty Pharmaceuticals
  • Major Pharmaceuticals
  • Mallinckrodt Inc.
  • Mckesson Corp.
  • McNeil Laboratories
  • Medisca Inc.
  • Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
  • Mylan
  • Neuman Distributors Inc.
  • Novex Pharma
  • Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • OMJ Pharmaceuticals
  • Ortho Mcneil Janssen Pharmaceutical Inc.
  • Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Palmetto Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • PCA LLC
  • PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
  • Pharmaceutical Association
  • Pharmacia Inc.
  • Pharmacy Service Center
  • Physicians Total Care Inc.
  • Prepackage Specialists
  • Prepak Systems Inc.
  • Qualitest
  • Ranbaxy Laboratories
  • Rebel Distributors Corp.
  • Remedy Repack
  • Sandhills Packaging Inc.
  • Sandoz
  • Sicor Pharmaceuticals
  • Silarx Pharmaceuticals
  • Southwood Pharmaceuticals
  • Superior Pharmeceuticals
  • Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
  • UDL Laboratories
  • Vangard Labs Inc.
  • Zydus Pharmaceuticals
Dosage Forms
FormRouteStrength
Injection, solutionIntramuscular
Tablet, coatedOral10 mg
SolutionIntramuscular; Intravenous5 mg
Injection, solution
Solution / dropsOral
SolutionIntramuscular50.000 mg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular5 MG/ML
SolutionOral200.00 mg
TabletOral
SolutionOral
Injection, solutionParenteral
Injection
InjectionParenteral50 mg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular50 mg/ml
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral50 MG/ML
SolutionParenteral50.000 mg
InjectionParenteral50 MG/ML
Injection, solutionParenteral50 mg/1ml
Injection, solutionParenteral50 mg/ml
InjectionIntramuscular100 mg/1mL
InjectionIntramuscular50 mg/1mL
SolutionOral2 MG/ML
LiquidIntramuscular100 mg / mL
LiquidIntramuscular50 mg / mL
InjectionIntramuscular
InjectionIntramuscular5 mg/1mL
InjectionIntramuscular5 mg/1
Injection, solutionIntramuscular5 mg/1mL
SolutionOral2 mg/1mL
Solution, concentrateOral2 mg/1mL
TabletOral0.5 MG
TabletOral0.5 mg/1
TabletOral1 mg/1
TabletOral10 mg/1
TabletOral2 mg/1
TabletOral20 mg/1
TabletOral5 mg/1
SolutionOral10 mg
InjectionIntramuscular141.04 mg/1mL
InjectionIntramuscular250 mg/5mL
InjectionIntramuscular500 mg/5mL
InjectionIntramuscular70.52 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular100 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular50 mg/1mL
Injection, solutionIntramuscular500 mg/5mL
LiquidIntramuscular5 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular5 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular5 mg
SolutionParenteral5 mg
SolutionOral2 mg
TabletOral5 mg / tab
TabletOral12 MG
TabletOral4 MG
InjectionParenteral100 mg
SolutionOral10 mg/mL
SolutionOral2.000 mg
SolutionParenteral5.000 mg
TabletOral2 mg
TabletOral10 mg
Solution5 mg/1ml
Solution / dropsOral10 ml
Solution / dropsOral20 ml
Solution / drops; suspension / drops
Tablet, film coatedOral
Tablet, film coatedOral2 MG
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous5 mg/ml
TabletOral1.5 mg
InjectionIntramuscular5 mg/ml
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous10 mg/2ml
InjectionIntramuscular; Intravenous5 mg/1ml
Injection, solutionIntramuscular150 mg/3ml
SolutionIntramuscular50 mg/ml
TabletOral0.5 mg / tab
TabletOral1 mg / tab
TabletOral10 mg / tab
TabletOral2 mg / tab
SolutionOral2 mg / mL
TabletOral.5 mg
SolutionIntramuscular100 mg / mL
SolutionIntramuscular50 mg / mL
Injection, solution5 mg/ml
Injection, solution5 mg
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral2 MG/2ML
Injection, solutionIntramuscular; Parenteral5 MG/2ML
Solution / dropsOral10 MG/ML
Solution / dropsOral2 MG/ML
Solution / dropsOral30 ML
Solution / dropsOral30 mg
TabletOral20 mg
SolutionIntramuscular5.000 mg
TabletOral5 mg/5mg
TabletOral5 mg
Solution50 mg/1ml
Solution2 mg/1ml
TabletOral1 mg
Tablet, coatedOral2 mg
Prices
Unit descriptionCostUnit
Haloperidol Decanoate 100 mg/ml Solution 5ml Vial257.14USD vial
Haldol decanoate 100 ampul107.77USD ml
Haldol decanoate 50 ampul56.53USD ml
Haloperidol dec 100 mg/ml vial29.85USD ml
Haloperidol powder21.42USD g
Haloperidol dec 50 mg/ml vial17.71USD ml
Haloperidol La 100 mg/ml15.42USD ml
Haldol 5 mg/ml ampul13.4USD ml
Haloperidol La 50 mg/ml7.71USD ml
Haloperidol 5 mg/ml4.73USD ml
Haloperidol lac 5 mg/ml vial3.54USD ml
Haloperidol 20 mg tablet2.81USD tablet
Haloperidol 10 mg tablet1.46USD tablet
Haloperidol 5 mg tablet0.8USD tablet
Novo-Peridol 20 mg Tablet0.66USD tablet
Haloperidol 2 mg tablet0.49USD tablet
Haloperidol lac 2 mg/ml conc0.45USD ml
Haloperidol 1 mg tablet0.36USD tablet
Haloperidol 0.5 mg tablet0.25USD tablet
Pernox scrub cleanser0.18USD g
Apo-Haloperidol 5 mg Tablet0.16USD tablet
Novo-Peridol 5 mg Tablet0.16USD tablet
Apo-Haloperidol 10 mg Tablet0.14USD tablet
Novo-Peridol 10 mg Tablet0.14USD tablet
Apo-Haloperidol 2 mg Tablet0.11USD tablet
Novo-Peridol 2 mg Tablet0.11USD tablet
Apo-Haloperidol 1 mg Tablet0.06USD tablet
Novo-Peridol 1 mg Tablet0.06USD tablet
Apo-Haloperidol 0.5 mg Tablet0.04USD tablet
Novo-Peridol 0.5 mg Tablet0.04USD tablet
DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.
Patents
Not Available

Properties

State
Solid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueSource
melting point (°C)148MSDS
water solubility14 mg/L (at 25 °C)https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/haloperidol
logP4.3https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/haloperidol
logS-4.43https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/haloperidol
pKa8.66EL TAYAR,N ET AL. (1985)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.00446 mg/mLALOGPS
logP3.7ALOGPS
logP3.66Chemaxon
logS-4.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.96Chemaxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)8.05Chemaxon
Physiological Charge1Chemaxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3Chemaxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1Chemaxon
Polar Surface Area40.54 Å2Chemaxon
Rotatable Bond Count6Chemaxon
Refractivity102.59 m3·mol-1Chemaxon
Polarizability39.15 Å3Chemaxon
Number of Rings3Chemaxon
Bioavailability1Chemaxon
Rule of FiveYesChemaxon
Ghose FilterYesChemaxon
Veber's RuleNoChemaxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemaxon
Predicted ADMET Features
PropertyValueProbability
Human Intestinal Absorption+1.0
Blood Brain Barrier+0.9465
Caco-2 permeable+0.6023
P-glycoprotein substrateSubstrate0.6673
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IInhibitor0.8563
P-glycoprotein inhibitor IIInhibitor0.8137
Renal organic cation transporterInhibitor0.6058
CYP450 2C9 substrateNon-substrate0.8355
CYP450 2D6 substrateSubstrate0.8919
CYP450 3A4 substrateSubstrate0.5796
CYP450 1A2 substrateNon-inhibitor0.9045
CYP450 2C9 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9207
CYP450 2D6 inhibitorInhibitor0.9197
CYP450 2C19 inhibitorNon-inhibitor0.9248
CYP450 3A4 inhibitorInhibitor0.6899
CYP450 inhibitory promiscuityLow CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity0.7933
Ames testNon AMES toxic0.9133
CarcinogenicityNon-carcinogens0.8769
BiodegradationNot ready biodegradable1.0
Rat acute toxicity3.4367 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable
hERG inhibition (predictor I)Weak inhibitor0.5
hERG inhibition (predictor II)Inhibitor0.7474
ADMET data is predicted using admetSAR, a free tool for evaluating chemical ADMET properties. (23092397)

Spectra

Mass Spec (NIST)
Not Available
Spectra
SpectrumSpectrum TypeSplash Key
Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - GC-MSPredicted GC-MSsplash10-00di-3941000000-d115a40817bca84c859a
Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)MSsplash10-0079-3290000000-cc6a990404ba7b9452a8
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0009000000-cdfdd91dd85d2c1cbd3d
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00or-0409000000-d542c35143556b83b87a
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0900000000-3985dded029c89448ebe
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-01b9-0900000000-720c0a4f1130b4237f32
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0900000000-772a799ebb3b949cef0c
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0009000000-21c8918254235e561129
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-014i-0904000000-8c97cb39f9680dd91378
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-01b9-0900000000-571a03ebb5faa3e5cd63
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0900000000-62e233fd691121c78e96
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0900000000-91bf80d34ef94ed709f0
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-0900000000-46ef29917220709863a4
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-3900000000-26f391756d439f7dbfc8
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00b9-9600000000-404fc399b40cfb560a99
LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-00b9-9100000000-8779758823471091566a
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-1619000000-27aa28ad7f91429f5ae7
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0609000000-f7c623630d33dbd89e2b
MS/MS Spectrum - , positiveLC-MS/MSsplash10-01b9-3911000000-78d5b34044714e81aec3
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-004i-0209000000-f9bbdb91445f03eaf7b8
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0fk9-0009000000-0254167e7f114d3684c3
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-008d-6139000000-368922f92b861ed5407b
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-0a4i-0309000000-6fff836a9a97e5815a3c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-00di-1902000000-0a4ded2ebd5496800d0c
Predicted MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative (Annotated)Predicted LC-MS/MSsplash10-001i-9011000000-3f0915ff86f9d2d0cea8
1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum1D NMRNot Applicable
Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
AdductCCS Value (Å2)Source typeSource
[M-H]-197.9365016
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-187.8418187
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-200.6782016
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M-H]-189.38785
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+H]+198.5359016
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+149.6252754
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+201.4162016
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+H]+191.90173
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
[M+Na]+197.7327016
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+200.58136
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+200.6852016
predicted
DarkChem Lite v0.1.0
[M+Na]+199.60866
predicted
DeepCCS 1.0 (2019)

Targets

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Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-...
Gene Name
HTR2C
Uniprot ID
P28335
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
Molecular Weight
51820.705 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Details
2. Dopamine D2 receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Yes
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Potassium channel regulator activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name
DRD2
Uniprot ID
P14416
Uniprot Name
D(2) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
50618.91 Da
References
  1. Osinski MA, Uchic ME, Seifert T, Shaughnessy TK, Miller LN, Nakane M, Cox BF, Brioni JD, Moreland RB: Dopamine D2, but not D4, receptor agonists are emetogenic in ferrets. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005 May;81(1):211-9. [Article]
  2. Bustillo J, Barrow R, Paz R, Tang J, Seraji-Bozorgzad N, Moore GJ, Bolognani F, Lauriello J, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Galloway MP: Long-term treatment of rats with haloperidol: lack of an effect on brain N-acetyl aspartate levels. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 Apr;31(4):751-6. [Article]
  3. Ishiwata K, Oda K, Sakata M, Kimura Y, Kawamura K, Oda K, Sasaki T, Naganawa M, Chihara K, Okubo Y, Ishii K: A feasibility study of [11C]SA4503-PET for evaluating sigmal receptor occupancy by neuroleptics: the binding of haloperidol to sigma1 and dopamine D2-like receptors. Ann Nucl Med. 2006 Oct;20(8):569-73. [Article]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  5. Naiker DV, Catts SV, Catts VS, Bedi KS, Bryan-Lluka LJ: Dose determination of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine using an in vivo dopamine D2-receptor occupancy method in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Jul 1;540(1-3):87-90. Epub 2006 May 11. [Article]
  6. Uchida S, Kato Y, Hirano K, Kagawa Y, Yamada S: Brain neurotransmitter receptor-binding characteristics in rats after oral administration of haloperidol, risperidone and olanzapine. Life Sci. 2007 Apr 3;80(17):1635-40. Epub 2007 Jan 27. [Article]
  7. Leysen JE, Janssen PM, Megens AA, Schotte A: Risperidone: a novel antipsychotic with balanced serotonin-dopamine antagonism, receptor occupancy profile, and pharmacologic activity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994 May;55 Suppl:5-12. [Article]
  8. Seeman P: Dopamine D2 receptors as treatment targets in schizophrenia. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2010 Apr;4(1):56-73. doi: 10.3371/CSRP.4.1.5. [Article]
  9. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Other/unknown
General Function
Virus receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodop...
Gene Name
HTR2A
Uniprot ID
P28223
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
Molecular Weight
52602.58 Da
References
  1. Leysen JE, Janssen PM, Megens AA, Schotte A: Risperidone: a novel antipsychotic with balanced serotonin-dopamine antagonism, receptor occupancy profile, and pharmacologic activity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994 May;55 Suppl:5-12. [Article]
  2. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Details
4. Dopamine D3 receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Inverse agonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation.
Gene Name
DRD3
Uniprot ID
P35462
Uniprot Name
D(3) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
44224.335 Da
References
  1. Leysen JE, Janssen PM, Megens AA, Schotte A: Risperidone: a novel antipsychotic with balanced serotonin-dopamine antagonism, receptor occupancy profile, and pharmacologic activity. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994 May;55 Suppl:5-12. [Article]
  2. Tuppurainen H, Kuikka JT, Viinamaki H, Husso M, Tiihonen J: Dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential and occupancy in midbrain and temporal cortex by haloperidol, olanzapine and clozapine. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2009 Aug;63(4):529-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01982.x. Epub 2009 May 22. [Article]
  3. Tadori Y, Forbes RA, McQuade RD, Kikuchi T: Characterization of aripiprazole partial agonist activity at human dopamine D3 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Nov 12;597(1-3):27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.09.008. Epub 2008 Sep 20. [Article]
  4. Kessler RM, Ansari MS, Riccardi P, Li R, Jayathilake K, Dawant B, Meltzer HY: Occupancy of striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2/D3 receptors by olanzapine and haloperidol. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005 Dec;30(12):2283-9. [Article]
  5. Malmberg, Mikaels, Mohell N: Agonist and inverse agonist activity at the dopamine D3 receptor measured by guanosine 5'--gamma-thio-triphosphate--35S- binding. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Apr;285(1):119-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Neuropeptide receptor activity
Specific Function
Receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, coupled to both G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and G proteins that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
Gene Name
MCHR1
Uniprot ID
Q99705
Uniprot Name
Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1
Molecular Weight
45962.185 Da
References
  1. Theisen FM, Haberhausen M, Firnges MA, Gregory P, Reinders JH, Remschmidt H, Hebebrand J, Antel J: No evidence for binding of clozapine, olanzapine and/or haloperidol to selected receptors involved in body weight regulation. Pharmacogenomics J. 2007 Aug;7(4):275-81. Epub 2006 Sep 19. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Monoamine transmembrane transporter activity
Specific Function
Involved in the ATP-dependent vesicular transport of biogenic amine neurotransmitters. Pumps cytosolic monoamines including dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and histamine into synaptic vesicles...
Gene Name
SLC18A2
Uniprot ID
Q05940
Uniprot Name
Synaptic vesicular amine transporter
Molecular Weight
55712.075 Da
References
  1. Gonzalez AM, Walther D, Pazos A, Uhl GR: Synaptic vesicular monoamine transporter expression: distribution and pharmacologic profile. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1994 Mar;22(1-4):219-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Opioid receptor activity
Specific Function
Functions in lipid transport from the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in a wide array of cellular functions probably through regulation of the biogenesis of lipid microdomains at the plasma m...
Gene Name
SIGMAR1
Uniprot ID
Q99720
Uniprot Name
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1
Molecular Weight
25127.52 Da
References
  1. Cobos EJ, del Pozo E, Baeyens JM: Irreversible blockade of sigma-1 receptors by haloperidol and its metabolites in guinea pig brain and SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. J Neurochem. 2007 Aug;102(3):812-25. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04533.x. Epub 2007 Apr 10. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Histamine receptor activity
Specific Function
In peripheral tissues, the H1 subclass of histamine receptors mediates the contraction of smooth muscles, increase in capillary permeability due to contraction of terminal venules, and catecholamin...
Gene Name
HRH1
Uniprot ID
P35367
Uniprot Name
Histamine H1 receptor
Molecular Weight
55783.61 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Receptor activity
Specific Function
The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the...
Gene Name
CHRM3
Uniprot ID
P20309
Uniprot Name
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
Molecular Weight
66127.445 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Protein heterodimerization activity
Specific Function
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) prot...
Gene Name
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID
P35348
Uniprot Name
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
51486.005 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Thioesterase binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazo...
Gene Name
ADRA2A
Uniprot ID
P08913
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
48956.275 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Epinephrine binding
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is clonidine...
Gene Name
ADRA2B
Uniprot ID
P18089
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
49565.8 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Protein homodimerization activity
Specific Function
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins.
Gene Name
ADRA2C
Uniprot ID
P18825
Uniprot Name
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor
Molecular Weight
49521.585 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers...
Gene Name
HTR1A
Uniprot ID
P08908
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
Molecular Weight
46106.335 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor ...
Gene Name
HTR6
Uniprot ID
P50406
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 6
Molecular Weight
46953.625 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
General Function
Serotonin receptor activity
Specific Function
This is one of the several different receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor ...
Gene Name
HTR7
Uniprot ID
P34969
Uniprot Name
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7
Molecular Weight
53554.43 Da
References
  1. Kroeze WK, Hufeisen SJ, Popadak BA, Renock SM, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Jayathilake K, Meltzer HY, Roth BL: H1-histamine receptor affinity predicts short-term weight gain for typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Mar;28(3):519-26. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
Zinc ion binding
Specific Function
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic site...
Gene Name
GRIN2B
Uniprot ID
Q13224
Uniprot Name
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B
Molecular Weight
166365.885 Da
References
  1. Hattori K, Uchino S, Isosaka T, Maekawa M, Iyo M, Sato T, Kohsaka S, Yagi T, Yuasa S: Fyn is required for haloperidol-induced catalepsy in mice. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 17;281(11):7129-35. Epub 2006 Jan 10. [Article]
  2. Zhuravliova E, Barbakadze T, Natsvlishvili N, Mikeladze DG: Haloperidol induces neurotoxicity by the NMDA receptor downstream signaling pathway, alternative from glutamate excitotoxicity. Neurochem Int. 2007 Jun;50(7-8):976-82. Epub 2006 Nov 7. [Article]
  3. Gu WH, Yang S, Shi WX, Zhen XC, Jin GZ: Effects of (-)-stepholidine on NMDA receptors: comparison with haloperidol and clozapine. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007 Jul;28(7):953-8. [Article]
  4. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  5. Steinmetz RD, Fava E, Nicotera P, Steinhilber D: A simple cell line based in vitro test system for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ligands. J Neurosci Methods. 2002 Jan 15;113(1):99-110. [Article]
  6. Sinor JD, Du S, Venneti S, Blitzblau RC, Leszkiewicz DN, Rosenberg PA, Aizenman E: NMDA and glutamate evoke excitotoxicity at distinct cellular locations in rat cortical neurons in vitro. J Neurosci. 2000 Dec 1;20(23):8831-7. [Article]
  7. Gallagher MJ, Huang H, Lynch DR: Modulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor by haloperidol: NR2B-specific interactions. J Neurochem. 1998 May;70(5):2120-8. [Article]
Details
18. Dopamine D1 receptor
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Antagonist
General Function
G-protein coupled amine receptor activity
Specific Function
Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase.
Gene Name
DRD1
Uniprot ID
P21728
Uniprot Name
D(1A) dopamine receptor
Molecular Weight
49292.765 Da
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
  2. Cai G, Gurdal H, Smith C, Wang HY, Friedman E: Inverse agonist properties of dopaminergic antagonists at the D(1A) dopamine receptor: uncoupling of the D(1A) dopamine receptor from G(s) protein. Mol Pharmacol. 1999 Nov;56(5):989-96. [Article]

Enzymes

Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Prostaglandin-e2 9-reductase activity
Specific Function
NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity. Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus various xenobiotics. ...
Gene Name
CBR1
Uniprot ID
P16152
Uniprot Name
Carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1
Molecular Weight
30374.73 Da
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Retinoic acid binding
Specific Function
UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. This isoform has specificity for phenols. Isoform 2 lacks trans...
Gene Name
UGT1A9
Uniprot ID
O60656
Uniprot Name
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-9
Molecular Weight
59940.495 Da
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and im...
Gene Name
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID
P33261
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C19
Molecular Weight
55930.545 Da
References
  1. Fang J, McKay G, Song J, Remillrd A, Li X, Midha K: In vitro characterization of the metabolism of haloperidol using recombinant cytochrome p450 enzymes and human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Dec;29(12):1638-43. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID
P11712
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2C9
Molecular Weight
55627.365 Da
References
  1. Fang J, McKay G, Song J, Remillrd A, Li X, Midha K: In vitro characterization of the metabolism of haloperidol using recombinant cytochrome p450 enzymes and human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Dec;29(12):1638-43. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Vitamin d 24-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID
P04798
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A1
Molecular Weight
58164.815 Da
References
  1. Fang J, McKay G, Song J, Remillrd A, Li X, Midha K: In vitro characterization of the metabolism of haloperidol using recombinant cytochrome p450 enzymes and human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Dec;29(12):1638-43. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Curator comments
Data is limited to in vitro studies.
General Function
Oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID
P05177
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 1A2
Molecular Weight
58293.76 Da
References
  1. Tateishi T, Watanabe M, Kumai T, Tanaka M, Moriya H, Yamaguchi S, Satoh T, Kobayashi S: CYP3A is responsible for N-dealkylation of haloperidol and bromperidol and oxidation of their reduced forms by human liver microsomes. Life Sci. 2000 Nov 3;67(24):2913-20. [Article]
  2. Fang J, McKay G, Song J, Remillrd A, Li X, Midha K: In vitro characterization of the metabolism of haloperidol using recombinant cytochrome p450 enzymes and human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2001 Dec;29(12):1638-43. [Article]
  3. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Steroid hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic...
Gene Name
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID
P10635
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 2D6
Molecular Weight
55768.94 Da
References
  1. Micallef J, Fakra E, Blin O: [Use of antidepressant drugs in schizophrenic patients with depression]. Encephale. 2006 Mar-Apr;32(2 Pt 1):263-9. [Article]
  2. Otani K, Aoshima T: Pharmacogenetics of classical and new antipsychotic drugs. Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Feb;22(1):118-21. [Article]
  3. Kudo S, Ishizaki T: Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol: an update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999 Dec;37(6):435-56. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199937060-00001. [Article]
  4. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
  5. Pharm KGB Very Important Pharmacogene: CYP2D6 [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID
P20815
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A5
Molecular Weight
57108.065 Da
References
  1. Kalgutkar AS, Taylor TJ, Venkatakrishnan K, Isin EM: Assessment of the contributions of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the metabolism of the antipsychotic agent haloperidol to its potentially neurotoxic pyridinium metabolite and effect of antidepressants on the bioactivation pathway. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Mar;31(3):243-9. [Article]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Vitamin d3 25-hydroxylase activity
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation react...
Gene Name
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID
P08684
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A4
Molecular Weight
57342.67 Da
References
  1. Kalgutkar AS, Taylor TJ, Venkatakrishnan K, Isin EM: Assessment of the contributions of CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the metabolism of the antipsychotic agent haloperidol to its potentially neurotoxic pyridinium metabolite and effect of antidepressants on the bioactivation pathway. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Mar;31(3):243-9. [Article]
  2. Kudo S, Ishizaki T: Pharmacokinetics of haloperidol: an update. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1999 Dec;37(6):435-56. doi: 10.2165/00003088-199937060-00001. [Article]
  3. Fang J, Baker GB, Silverstone PH, Coutts RT: Involvement of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 in the metabolism of haloperidol. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1997 Apr;17(2):227-33. [Article]
  4. Galetin A, Clarke SE, Houston JB: Quinidine and haloperidol as modifiers of CYP3A4 activity: multisite kinetic model approach. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Dec;30(12):1512-22. [Article]
  5. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
General Function
Oxygen binding
Specific Function
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally un...
Gene Name
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID
P24462
Uniprot Name
Cytochrome P450 3A7
Molecular Weight
57525.03 Da
References
  1. Flockhart Table of Drug Interactions [Link]

Transporters

Details
1. P-glycoprotein 1
Kind
Protein
Organism
Humans
Pharmacological action
Unknown
Actions
Substrate
Inhibitor
General Function
Xenobiotic-transporting atpase activity
Specific Function
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells.
Gene Name
ABCB1
Uniprot ID
P08183
Uniprot Name
Multidrug resistance protein 1
Molecular Weight
141477.255 Da
References
  1. Mahar Doan KM, Humphreys JE, Webster LO, Wring SA, Shampine LJ, Serabjit-Singh CJ, Adkison KK, Polli JW: Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux differentiate central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS marketed drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):1029-37. [Article]
  2. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. [Article]
  3. Boulton DW, DeVane CL, Liston HL, Markowitz JS: In vitro P-glycoprotein affinity for atypical and conventional antipsychotics. Life Sci. 2002 May 31;71(2):163-9. [Article]

Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at March 18, 2024 19:41