Cytochrome P450 2C8

Details

Name
Cytochrome P450 2C8
Kind
protein
Synonyms
  • 1.14.14.1
  • CYPIIC8
  • Cytochrome P450 form 1
  • Cytochrome P450 IIC2
  • Cytochrome P450 MP-12
  • Cytochrome P450 MP-20
  • S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase
Gene Name
CYP2C8
UniProtKB Entry
P10632Swiss-Prot
Organism
Humans
NCBI Taxonomy ID
9606
Amino acid sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0005650|Cytochrome P450 2C8
MEPFVVLVLCLSFMLLFSLWRQSCRRRKLPPGPTPLPIIGNMLQIDVKDICKSFTNFSKV
YGPVFTVYFGMNPIVVFHGYEAVKEALIDNGEEFSGRGNSPISQRITKGLGIISSNGKRW
KEIRRFSLTTLRNFGMGKRSIEDRVQEEAHCLVEELRKTKASPCDPTFILGCAPCNVICS
VVFQKRFDYKDQNFLTLMKRFNENFRILNSPWIQVCNNFPLLIDCFPGTHNKVLKNVALT
RSYIREKVKEHQASLDVNNPRDFIDCFLIKMEQEKDNQKSEFNIENLVGTVADLFVAGTE
TTSTTLRYGLLLLLKHPEVTAKVQEEIDHVIGRHRSPCMQDRSHMPYTDAVVHEIQRYSD
LVPTGVPHAVTTDTKFRNYLIPKGTTIMALLTSVLHDDKEFPNPNIFDPGHFLDKNGNFK
KSDYFMPFSAGKRICAGEGLARMELFLFLTTILQNFNLKSVDDLKNLNTTAVTKGIVSLP
PSYQICFIPV
Number of residues
490
Molecular Weight
55824.275
Theoretical pI
8.62
GO Classification
Functions
estrogen 16-alpha-hydroxylase activity / retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase activity
Processes
estrogen metabolic process / icosanoid biosynthetic process / lipid hydroxylation / long-chain fatty acid biosynthetic process / retinoic acid metabolic process / retinol metabolic process / steroid metabolic process / xenobiotic catabolic process
Components
plasma membrane
General Function
A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:11093772, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Primarily catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:15766564, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:7574697). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Metabolizes all trans-retinoic acid toward its 4-hydroxylated form (PubMed:11093772). Displays 16-alpha hydroxylase activity toward estrogen steroid hormones, 17beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) (PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol) (PubMed:26427316)
Specific Function
arachidonic acid epoxygenase activity
Pfam Domain Function
Signal Regions
Not Available
Transmembrane Regions
Not Available
Cellular Location
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Gene sequence
>lcl|BSEQ0021338|Cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8)
ATGGAACCTTTTGTGGTCCTGGTGCTGTGTCTCTCTTTTATGCTTCTCTTTTCACTCTGG
AGACAGAGCTGTAGGAGAAGGAAGCTCCCTCCTGGCCCCACTCCTCTTCCTATTATTGGA
AATATGCTACAGATAGATGTTAAGGACATCTGCAAATCTTTCACCAATTTCTCAAAAGTC
TATGGTCCTGTGTTCACCGTGTATTTTGGCATGAATCCCATAGTGGTGTTTCATGGATAT
GAGGCAGTGAAGGAAGCCCTGATTGATAATGGAGAGGAGTTTTCTGGAAGAGGCAATTCC
CCAATATCTCAAAGAATTACTAAAGGACTTGGAATCATTTCCAGCAATGGAAAGAGATGG
AAGGAGATCCGGCGTTTCTCCCTCACAACCTTGCGGAATTTTGGGATGGGGAAGAGGAGC
ATTGAGGACCGTGTTCAAGAGGAAGCTCACTGCCTTGTGGAGGAGTTGAGAAAAACCAAG
GCTTCACCCTGTGATCCCACTTTCATCCTGGGCTGTGCTCCCTGCAATGTGATCTGCTCC
GTTGTTTTCCAGAAACGATTTGATTATAAAGATCAGAATTTTCTCACCCTGATGAAAAGA
TTCAATGAAAACTTCAGGATTCTGAACTCCCCATGGATCCAGGTCTGCAATAATTTCCCT
CTACTCATTGATTGTTTCCCAGGAACTCACAACAAAGTGCTTAAAAATGTTGCTCTTACA
CGAAGTTACATTAGGGAGAAAGTAAAAGAACACCAAGCATCACTGGATGTTAACAATCCT
CGGGACTTTATCGATTGCTTCCTGATCAAAATGGAGCAGGAAAAGGACAACCAAAAGTCA
GAATTCAATATTGAAAACTTGGTTGGCACTGTAGCTGATCTATTTGTTGCTGGAACAGAG
ACAACAAGCACCACTCTGAGATATGGACTCCTGCTCCTGCTGAAGCACCCAGAGGTCACA
GCTAAAGTCCAGGAAGAGATTGATCATGTAATTGGCAGACACAGGAGCCCCTGCATGCAG
GATAGGAGCCACATGCCTTACACTGATGCTGTAGTGCACGAGATCCAGAGATACAGTGAC
CTTGTCCCCACCGGTGTGCCCCATGCAGTGACCACTGATACTAAGTTCAGAAACTACCTC
ATCCCCAAGGGCACAACCATAATGGCATTACTGACTTCCGTGCTACATGATGACAAAGAA
TTTCCTAATCCAAATATCTTTGACCCTGGCCACTTTCTAGATAAGAATGGCAACTTTAAG
AAAAGTGACTACTTCATGCCTTTCTCAGCAGGAAAACGAATTTGTGCAGGAGAAGGACTT
GCCCGCATGGAGCTATTTTTATTTCTAACCACAATTTTACAGAACTTTAACCTGAAATCT
GTTGATGATTTAAAGAACCTCAATACTACTGCAGTTACCAAAGGGATTGTTTCTCTGCCA
CCCTCATACCAGATCTGCTTCATCCCTGTCTGA
Chromosome Location
10
Locus
10q23.33
External Identifiers
ResourceLink
UniProtKB IDP10632
UniProtKB Entry NameCP2C8_HUMAN
GenBank Gene IDM17397
GeneCard IDCYP2C8
GenAtlas IDCYP2C8
HGNC IDHGNC:2622
PDB ID(s)1PQ2, 2NNH, 2NNI, 2NNJ, 2VN0
KEGG IDhsa:1558
IUPHAR/Guide To Pharmacology ID1325
NCBI Gene ID1558
General References
  1. Okino ST, Quattrochi LC, Pendurthi UR, McBride OW, Tukey RH: Characterization of multiple human cytochrome P-450 1 cDNAs. The chromosomal localization of the gene and evidence for alternate RNA splicing. J Biol Chem. 1987 Nov 25;262(33):16072-9. [Article]
  2. Kimura S, Pastewka J, Gelboin HV, Gonzalez FJ: cDNA and amino acid sequences of two members of the human P450IIC gene subfamily. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 10;15(23):10053-4. [Article]
  3. Romkes M, Faletto MB, Blaisdell JA, Raucy JL, Goldstein JA: Cloning and expression of complementary DNAs for multiple members of the human cytochrome P450IIC subfamily. Biochemistry. 1991 Apr 2;30(13):3247-55. [Article]
  4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [Article]
  5. Deloukas P, Earthrowl ME, Grafham DV, Rubenfield M, French L, Steward CA, Sims SK, Jones MC, Searle S, Scott C, Howe K, Hunt SE, Andrews TD, Gilbert JG, Swarbreck D, Ashurst JL, Taylor A, Battles J, Bird CP, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ashwell RI, Ambrose KD, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Bates K, Beasley H, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Cahill P, Camire D, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Corby N, Coulson A, Dhami P, Dutta I, Dunn M, Faulkner L, Frankish A, Frankland JA, Garner P, Garnett J, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gustafson E, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart E, Heath PD, Ho TP, Hopkins B, Horne J, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hynds C, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kana A, Kay M, Kimberley AM, Kershaw JK, Kokkinaki M, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lee HM, Leongamornlert DA, Laird G, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nguyen M, Overton-Larty E, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter K, Rice CM, Rogosin A, Ross MT, Sarafidou T, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Standring L, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Torcasso W, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tsolas J, Wall M, Walsh J, Wang H, Weinstock K, West AP, Willey DL, Whitehead SL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Chen Y, Lovering RC, Moschonas NK, Siebert R, Fechtel K, Bentley D, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Doucette-Stamm L, Beck S, Smith DR, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):375-81. [Article]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [Article]
  7. Ged C, Beaune P: Isolation of the human cytochrome P-450 IIC8 gene: multiple glucocorticoid responsive elements in the 5' region. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Mar 26;1088(3):433-5. [Article]
  8. Zeldin DC, DuBois RN, Falck JR, Capdevila JH: Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of an endogenous human cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase isoform. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Sep 10;322(1):76-86. [Article]
  9. Ged C, Umbenhauer DR, Bellew TM, Bork RW, Srivastava PK, Shinriki N, Lloyd RS, Guengerich FP: Characterization of cDNAs, mRNAs, and proteins related to human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase. Biochemistry. 1988 Sep 6;27(18):6929-40. [Article]
  10. Shephard EA, Phillips IR, Santisteban I, Palmer CN, Povey S: Cloning, expression and chromosomal localization of a member of the human cytochrome P450IIC gene sub-family. Ann Hum Genet. 1989 Jan;53(Pt 1):23-31. [Article]
  11. Kolyada AY: Sequence of a human liver cytochrome P-450 cDNA clone. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 25;18(18):5550. [Article]
  12. Ishikawa C, Ozaki H, Nakajima T, Ishii T, Kanai S, Anjo S, Shirai K, Inoue I: A frameshift variant of CYP2C8 was identified in a patient who suffered from rhabdomyolysis after administration of cerivastatin. J Hum Genet. 2004;49(10):582-5. Epub 2004 Sep 9. [Article]
  13. Bian Y, Song C, Cheng K, Dong M, Wang F, Huang J, Sun D, Wang L, Ye M, Zou H: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome. J Proteomics. 2014 Jan 16;96:253-62. doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014. Epub 2013 Nov 22. [Article]
  14. Schoch GA, Yano JK, Wester MR, Griffin KJ, Stout CD, Johnson EF: Structure of human microsomal cytochrome P450 2C8. Evidence for a peripheral fatty acid binding site. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 5;279(10):9497-503. Epub 2003 Dec 15. [Article]
  15. Schoch GA, Yano JK, Sansen S, Dansette PM, Stout CD, Johnson EF: Determinants of cytochrome P450 2C8 substrate binding: structures of complexes with montelukast, troglitazone, felodipine, and 9-cis-retinoic acid. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 20;283(25):17227-37. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M802180200. Epub 2008 Apr 15. [Article]
  16. Dai D, Zeldin DC, Blaisdell JA, Chanas B, Coulter SJ, Ghanayem BI, Goldstein JA: Polymorphisms in human CYP2C8 decrease metabolism of the anticancer drug paclitaxel and arachidonic acid. Pharmacogenetics. 2001 Oct;11(7):597-607. [Article]
  17. Bahadur N, Leathart JB, Mutch E, Steimel-Crespi D, Dunn SA, Gilissen R, Houdt JV, Hendrickx J, Mannens G, Bohets H, Williams FM, Armstrong M, Crespi CL, Daly AK: CYP2C8 polymorphisms in Caucasians and their relationship with paclitaxel 6alpha-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Dec 1;64(11):1579-89. [Article]
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Associated Data

Drug Relations
DrugDrug groupPharmacological action?TypeActionsDetails
Palmitic AcidapprovedunknowntargetDetails
TorasemideapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Phenytoinapproved, vet_approvednoenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
Rosiglitazoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Cerivastatinapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Carbamazepineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
WarfarinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tretinoinapproved, investigational, nutraceuticalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Repaglinideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Amiodaroneapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Pioglitazoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
ZopicloneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Paclitaxelapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Sitagliptinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Lapatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Lovastatinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Trimethoprimapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
MontelukastapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Zafirlukastapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Diclofenacapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Amodiaquineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Nicardipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
SimvastatinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ketoconazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
RifampinapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
Tolbutamideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
GemfibrozilapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Aminophenazoneapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FluvastatinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Felodipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Troglitazoneapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Candesartan cilexetilapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Clotrimazoleapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
MometasoneexperimentalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
SalmeterolapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Raloxifeneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
FenofibrateapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ritonavirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
LevothyroxineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
TamoxifenapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Loratadineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Quercetinexperimental, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Oxybutyninapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Medroxyprogesterone acetateapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
EthinylestradiolapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
SpironolactoneapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Irbesartanapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
IfosfamideapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
NifedipineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
QuinineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Antipyrineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Dapsoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Phenprocoumonapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Terbinafineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AzelastineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Sorafenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Phenobarbitalapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Rifapentineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Secobarbitalapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
EltrombopagapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Nilotinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
VerapamilapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
IbuprofenapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Naproxenapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Buprenorphineapproved, illicit, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MethadoneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
CaffeineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
LicofeloneinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
SeratrodastexperimentalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Eszopicloneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
(5R)-5-(4-{[(2R)-6-HYDROXY-2,5,7,8-TETRAMETHYL-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-CHROMEN-2-YL]METHOXY}BENZYL)-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-2,4-DIONEexperimentalunknowntargetDetails
CabazitaxelapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
LiotrixapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
AmitriptylineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
AmlodipineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
AtorvastatinapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Bezafibrateapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Chloroquineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Cimetidineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cisaprideapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
ClopidogrelapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
ClozapineapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Cocaineapproved, illicitunknownenzymedownregulatorDetails
ColchicineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cholecalciferolapproved, nutraceuticalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cyclophosphamideapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
Dexamethasoneapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Diazepamapproved, illicit, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Diltiazemapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Domperidoneapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Estradiolapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FluorouracilapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
HalofantrineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Hydrocortisoneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Isoniazidapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ketamineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
KetobemidoneinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Ketoprofenapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Lansoprazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Lidocaineapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Mefenamic acidapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Meloxicamapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Mephenytoinapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MetronidazoleapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Morphineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
NicotineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Nilvadipineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Omeprazoleapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PerphenazineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PhenelzineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Piroxicamapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Probenecidapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Propofolapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Pyrimethamineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Rofecoxibapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Saquinavirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Selegilineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Sulfadiazineapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
SulfaphenazoleapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
SulfinpyrazoneapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Tazaroteneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tegaserodapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Terfenadineapproved, withdrawnunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Testosteroneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TiclopidineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Triazolamapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
TrimethadioneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TroleandomycinapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Erlotinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
ParamethadioneapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PazopanibapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Diethylstilbestrolapproved, investigational, withdrawnunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
LoperamideapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Almotriptanapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
BeraprostinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
MuraglitazarinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Benzyl alcoholapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
PitavastatinapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
AbirateroneapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
ApixabanapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Vismodegibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
RegorafenibapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
EnzalutamideapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Ponatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
TrametinibapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Dabrafenibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Mycophenolate mofetilapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Levomilnacipranapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Isoniazidapproved, investigationalunknowntargetDetails
OlodaterolapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
IdelalisibapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Vortioxetineapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
LumacaftorapprovednoenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
Ixazomibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
SelexipagapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
RiociguatapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
DasabuvirapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Ombitasvirapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Celecoxibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Efavirenzapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Rabeprazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
TeriflunomideapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Crisaboroleapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Midostaurinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
Belinostatapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Velpatasvirapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
OdanacatibinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
TopiroxostatexperimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
PerospironeexperimentalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Voxilaprevirapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Enasidenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
CandesartanexperimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Letermovirapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Brigatinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Rucaparibapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Testosterone cypionateapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Testosterone enanthateapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Testosterone undecanoateapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Estradiol acetateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Estradiol benzoateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Estradiol cypionateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Estradiol dienanthateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Estradiol valerateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Apalutamideapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Isavuconazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
Opicaponeapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Bioallethrinapproved, experimentalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Nabiloneapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Avatrombopagapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinducerDetails
EzetimibeapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Mometasone furoateapproved, investigational, vet_approvednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Hydrocortisone aceponateexperimental, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisone acetateapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisone butyrateapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisone cypionateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisone phosphateapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisone probutateapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisone valerateapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Ivosidenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Hydrocortisone succinateapprovedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Elagolixapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Fluticasoneapproved, experimentalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Fluticasone furoateapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Fluticasone propionateapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Rifabutinapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinducerDetails
Rifamycinapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Rifaximinapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinducerDetails
BalaglitazoneinvestigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
CiglitazoneexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
LobeglitazoneexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
NetoglitazoneexperimentalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Rivoglitazoneexperimental, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
BosutinibapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Cabozantinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
GenisteininvestigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Lenvatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Atazanavirapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
(R)-warfarinexperimentalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
(S)-Warfarinexperimental, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Tegafurapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Bexaroteneapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
MestranolapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Deferasiroxapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Quinidineapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Mifepristoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
VemurafenibapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Dexibuprofenapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Lorlatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
ImatinibapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Glasdegibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Triclabendazoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
KetorolacapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Alpelisibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Istradefyllineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
LosartanapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
CapravirineinvestigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Anastrozoleapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Trifaroteneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Abemaciclibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Elexacaftorapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Prednisoneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Cenobamateapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
BudesonideapprovedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Methylprednisoloneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Lumateperoneapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Ubrogepantapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Amoxicillinapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Favipiravirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Betamethasoneapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Methylene blueapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ozanimodapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Prednisolone phosphateapproved, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Selumetinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Tucatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Remdesivirapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
HydroxychloroquineapprovedunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Selpercatinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
RipretinibapprovednoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Clofazimineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Apomorphineapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Dexamethasone acetateapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Miconazoleapproved, investigational, vet_approvedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Clascoteroneapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Pralsetinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
Lonafarnibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Lumasiranapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Tirbanibulinapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Relugolixapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Menadioneapproved, nutraceuticalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
RilpivirineapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Tepotinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
FebuxostatapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Azilsartan medoxomilapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Sotorasibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinducerDetails
Ibrexafungerpapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Samidorphanapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Brincidofovirapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Finerenoneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Belumosudilapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
MacitentanapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Levoketoconazoleapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Palovaroteneapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Roxadustatapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Mitapivatapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
Cannabidiolapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Medical Cannabisexperimental, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Mavacamtenapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Tecovirimatapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinducerDetails
Treprostinilapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Mycophenolic acidapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Birch bark extractapproved, experimentalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
StiripentolapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Baloxavir marboxilapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Telotristat ethylapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
LinzagolixapprovednoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Olutasidenibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
Adagrasibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Anacaulaseapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Bexagliflozinapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Pirtobrutinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Daprodustatapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Clobazamapproved, illicitnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Omaveloxoloneapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
VardenafilapprovedunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Tezacaftorapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
BrinzolamideapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Vadadustatapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Ritlecitinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Momelotinibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
EtrasimodapprovednoenzymesubstrateDetails
Encorafenibapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Vamoroloneapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Repotrectinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinducerDetails
Fruquintinibapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Iptacopanapproved, investigationalnoenzymesubstrateDetails
Isavuconazoniumapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorinducerDetails
Nirogacestatapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinducerDetails
Aprocitentanapproved, investigationalnoenzymeinhibitorDetails
Resmetiromapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorDetails
Tovorafenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinhibitorinducerDetails
Mavorixaforapproved, investigationalunknownenzymeinhibitorDetails
Elafibranorapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails
Vorasidenibapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateinducerDetails
Seladelparapproved, investigationalunknownenzymesubstrateDetails